How did the Persian Empire perish?

The first Persian Empire was the first Persian Empire to conquer most of Central Asia. The territory extends to Pakistan in the east, Turkey in the northwest, Macedonia and Thrace in Europe, and Egypt in the southwest.

The founder is Achaemenes; At that time, the whole Persian region was still under the rule of the kingdom of Medea. After Achaemenes's death, his son Tespas succeeded to the throne and led Achemani out of the rule of the kingdom of Miti during skeat's time. After Tespas died, he divided the land between his two sons: Cyrus I and Arialamnis. After their death, the throne passed to their sons (Cambyses I and Al Chamis). In 559 BC, Cyrus II succeeded to the throne of Cambyses I, and then to the throne of Achaemenid, which unified the kingdom of Achaemenid.

Cyrus II then began to expand his territory. He publicly rebelled against the kingdom of Medea for the first time and completely destroyed it in 550 BC. Later, he made an alliance with Babylon to ensure that the rear of the kingdom would not be threatened; Then it went west to Lydia and was conquered in Sardis (the capital of Lydia) in 547 BC. After the destruction of Lydia, Cyrus II attacked Babylon under the unstable domestic political situation. In 539 BC, the city of Babylon fell, and Cyrus II entered the city, holding a statue of Marduk, the patron saint of Babylon, to show his willingness to rule this place as a Babylonian. Since then, the power of Achaemenid dynasty has expanded to the border of Egypt.

After the death of Cyrus II, his son Cambyses Ⅱ succeeded to the throne. He launched a large-scale war against Egypt, attacked Memphis, the capital of Egypt, and even brought Pharaoh to Susa. Later, he launched a campaign against Carthage, Amon and Nubia, but all failed in the end. In 522 BC, the kingdom of Achaemenid rebelled, and Cambyses Ⅱ hurried back to Korea, but died on the way. Darius I, the general of the royal family, continued to lead his troops back to China, successfully quelled the rebellion and finally won the throne.

Darius I is the grandson of Al Chamis. After he ascended the throne, he took severe measures at home to stabilize the political situation. Externally, he actively promoted expansion. He successfully incorporated a large part of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent into the territory. Later, he invaded the Heiles Strait between Asia and Greece. In 492 BC, Darius I sent his son-in-law Madoni Oss to attack Thrace and Macedonia, but in 490 BC, he lost the marathon when he invaded Greece.

Darius I died in 486 BC. His son Xerxes I succeeded him to the throne and successfully suppressed an Egyptian rebellion in 485 BC. Later, he launched many attacks on Greece; First won and occupied northern Greece. But he lost in the subsequent battle, and Madoni Oath died in the battle of Platia. From then on, Xerxes I turned his attention to court life and was finally murdered in 465 BC.

Xerxes I was followed by Ardeshir I, Xerxes II and Darius II. Among them, Xerxes II was in power for only 45 days, and was eventually killed by the son of a concubine in the palace because of excessive drinking. Their successor was Artaxerxes II. He successfully instigated the war between Athens and Sparta, and finally signed the king's peace treaty, thus being able to intervene in Greek affairs. In 40 1 year BC, kurush went to Asia Minor. 10000 Greek mercenaries marched eastward to the throne and were defeated by Artaxerxes II. However, the Greek mercenaries he hired successfully retreated back to Greece (see Xenophon).

In the next few years, there were many rebellions in Achemenid. Although they were finally pacified, they greatly shook the foundation of the kingdom itself. In 359 BC, Ada Xue Xisi III ascended the throne. He fell out with Athens because he refused to help Athens against Macedonia in the north. Macedonia later unified all Greece and even invaded Persepolis under the leadership of Alexander the Great in 330 BC. In the same year, Darius Iii, the last king of Achaemenid, was killed by his subordinates, and the kingdom of Achaemenid officially perished.