How to treat the introduction of construction projects in construction papers?

So what do you think of the construction drawings of construction projects? The following information about how to read the construction drawings of construction projects was brought by Zhong Da Consulting. The specific content is for your reference.

First, understand the map.

1, first look at the site layout, understand the general situation of the project and the influence of surrounding buildings on the project.

2, see the construction organization, probably understand the specific construction situation of the project.

3. Look at the construction structure diagram and architectural diagram, and combine them to have an overall understanding of the project.

4. For details, please refer to the construction drawing combined with the structural construction atlas, and the construction drawing combined with the architectural construction atlas.

5. Look at the structural drawing from the axial dimension, and check whether there is any discrepancy between the shear wall, column, beam, plate and other steel bars before and after, and whether the structure is consistent with the architectural drawing. Whether the site elevation of beam and slab is correct, whether the bathroom panel is marked in detail, whether the settlement joint structure treatment is appropriate, whether the staircase method is detailed, and whether all kinds of holes are detailed.

6. The architectural drawing shows whether the layout of each floor is reasonable, whether the layout of non-bearing walls and bearing walls is reasonable, whether the layout of beams and columns is beautiful, whether the position and size are consistent with the structural drawing, and whether there are any omissions in various holes.

7. Whether the construction practice is reasonable, waterproof materials, paints, tiles, etc.

Note: The procedure of drawing recognition and drawing review is: be familiar with the function of the proposed project, the plane size of the project and the elevation size of the project. Check the error-prone parts of the construction drawing and check whether there is any improvement.

Second, be familiar with and review the plane dimensions of the project.

The construction plan of a building project usually has three aspects. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the axis dimension and the third dimension is the total dimension. Check whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the edge axis is the center line of the wall. The habit of drawing in Changchun is that the side axis is the outer line of the outer wall. Look at the size of the project plan, first understand the construction plan, then understand the construction plan of this floor, and finally understand the construction drawings of water, electricity and air conditioning installation, equipment technology and secondary decoration, and check whether they are consistent. After being familiar with the size of the apartment, check whether it meets the use requirements, such as checking whether the apartment is convenient to use and whether the lighting and ventilation are good. When reading the dimensions of the next floor plan, check whether there is any inconsistency with the upper floor plan.

Third, be familiar with and review the engineering elevation dimensions.

Construction drawings of building projects generally include elevation, profile and stair profile, all of which have information about the elevation dimensions of the project; The elevation of this floor is generally marked on the building plan and construction plan; In the beam table, there is generally beam surface elevation; Basic details and other details are generally marked with elevation. Through these construction drawings, we can master the elevation dimensions of the project.

1. There are generally three dimensions in the elevation view, the first is the detailed dimensions such as the height of the window sill and doors and windows, the second is the height dimension, and the elevation is marked, and the third is the total height. The inspection method is the same as the size of each lane on the inspection plane, that is, whether the sum of the first lane sizes is equal to the second lane size and whether the sum of the second lane sizes is equal to the third lane size. Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation view is consistent with that in the building plan, and then check whether the elevation of the building is consistent with that of the building.

2. The elevation of each floor in the construction drawing should not be exactly the same as that of the corresponding floor in the construction drawing, because the floor elevation in the construction drawing is the elevation after the completion of the project, while the floor elevation in the construction drawing is only the elevation of the structural surface, excluding the height of the decoration surface. The construction drawing elevation of the same floor should be several centimeters higher than the construction drawing. Special attention should be paid to this point, because in some construction drawings, the construction icon is marked high on the corresponding construction drawing paper. If you don't pay attention, you will make mistakes in the construction.

3. After being familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the elevation at the top of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation at the bottom of a beam; Check whether the horizontal dimension and elevation of the stair tread are wrong, and check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2. 1 m, and whether there is a meeting phenomenon; If there is a terrace on the middle floor, check whether the elevation of the terrace is lower than the indoor level; Check whether the floor of the bathroom and bathroom building is a few centimeters lower, if not, check whether there are measures to prevent overflow; Finally, combined with the installation of water, electricity and air conditioning, equipment technology and secondary decoration construction drawings, check whether the building height meets the functional requirements.

Fourth, check if there are any mistakes in the construction drawing.

Be familiar with the dimensions of construction projects, and then check whether there are any mistakes in the construction drawings. The main inspection contents are as follows:

1, check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward.

2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.

3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table.

4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.

5. Beams, slabs and columns are similar in the same span, but there are great differences in reinforcement. If there are any, they need to be re-inspected.

6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.

7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment.

8. Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced beams meets the requirements of construction acceptance specifications. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in this project, the diameter of the steel bar should be the original steel bar diameter plus about 2× 1mm rib thickness because the workers do not have ribs when bending the steel bar.

9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door of the construction drawing.

10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different. As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.

1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, details, content and construction description in the beam-column table.

12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.

Fifth, review the original construction drawing for improvement.

This paper mainly puts forward suggestions for improving the original construction drawing from three aspects: it is beneficial to engineering construction, it is beneficial to ensuring building quality and it is beneficial to engineering aesthetics.

1, and put forward suggestions for improving the construction drawing from the perspective of being beneficial to the project construction.

① The adjacent span of continuous frame beam on the structural plane will be larger. When the negative moment reinforcement of the intermediate bearing is anchored separately, the reinforcement at the beam-column joint will be too dense and the concrete will not be compacted easily. It can be suggested to designers that negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible.

(2) When the negative reinforcement of the bearing is full-length, it will cause the beam surface reinforcement with small span and small beam width to be too dense to pour concrete. It can be suggested that under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, the Liang Kuan of each span should be kept consistent as far as possible, and only the height of the beam should be adjusted, so as to facilitate gluten connection and concrete pouring.

(3) When the structural modeling is complex, it is difficult to complete the structural construction of a certain part at one time, how to keep the concrete construction joints is proposed to the designer.

(4) After the elevation of the floor is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the floor, and this beam is connected to the room, whether the reinforced bar of the beam is bent or anchored separately at the lowered place, please design and deal with it.

2. Put forward opinions on modifying the construction drawing from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of the construction project.

(1) When the ceiling plastering and wall plastering are designed as 1: 1: 6 mixed mortar, it can be suggested to change the ceiling plastering to 1: 1: 4 mixed mortar to increase the cohesive force.

(2) When the requirements for waterproof construction of elevator pit, bathroom sink and fire pool are not indicated on the construction drawing, it is suggested to add cement mortar waterproof layer on the outer wall of the pit and the inner wall of the sink to improve the waterproof quality.

3. It is suggested to improve the construction drawing from the perspective of architectural aesthetics.

(1) If the parapet of the terrace is connected with the external window, check whether the height of the parapet is higher than the window sill. If it is, the joint is not beautiful, and it is recommended to design and deal with it.

(2) Check whether the color separation line of the exterior wall facing is connected. If not, it is recommended to converge at the internal corner; When there is no obvious dividing line between the outer wall and the inner wall, ask the designer whether the wall decoration extends to the position of the inner wall and whether the top surface and bottom surface of the protruding part of the outer wall are used as the outer wall decoration.

(3) When the cross-sectional size of the column gradually decreases with the rise of the floor, if the column protrudes from the external wall and becomes the decorative line of the facade, the meeting will not reduce the cross-sectional area of the column in the protruding part in order to make the width of the line consistent.

(4) When the column is arranged at the corner of the brick wall in the building plane, and the corner of the brick wall is less than 900, if the square column is still used in the structural design, it can be suggested to change the square column into a polygonal column according to the building plane to avoid the column angle protruding from the wall and affecting the use and beauty.

⑤ When there is a frame column protruding 10 ~ 20 cm from the left wall of the elevator hall (foreroom), check whether the right column protrudes by the same size. If not, it is suggested to modify it to symmetry.

According to the procedures and ideas of "be familiar with the functions of the proposed project, the plane dimensions of the project, the elevation dimensions of the project, check the error-prone parts in the construction drawing, and check whether there is any need for improvement", carry out the drawing approval work in a planned and comprehensive way. The above is compiled from the website of Changchun Jingdezhen Architectural School.

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