What does Dingtuo mean?

Gyro, also known as sudra, is called Gan Le in Minnan, Gyro in English and KOMA in Japanese.

The traditional ancient gyro is roughly an inverted cone made of wood or iron, and various materials and shapes have appeared in modern times.

Definition of gyro (summary of explanations by all Parties)

A children's toy, with a sharp needle at the lower end, is wound on a string, thrown out and rotated on the ground.

◆ New Dictionary (Sanmin Bookstore): A wooden children's toy, shaped like a bullet, is wound around the pointed foot (bamboo or iron) with a rope, and then the pointed end falls to the ground. Pull the rope quickly and the gyro will rotate upright.

Etymology (Liu Yuan Publishing House): Gyroscope is made of wood, such as a small empty clock, which is solid and has no handle. It is wrapped in a whip rope and protrudes from the ground, and its whip jerks. When you press the button, the top turns and there is no sound. Take a whip slowly and there will be no turning back. Turning sick, just like the ground in Li Zhuo, the top light rotates and the shadow does not move.

Matters needing attention in playing games: Anything, as long as you insert a stick in the center of gravity, and then rotate the stick to drive the whole rotation, that is the gyro.

◆MSN Encarta Dictionary: A toy that rotates on a round or pointed base, a traditional conative wooden toy that rotates by pulling a rope wound around it. Toys that circle or rotate at reference points, traditional conical wooden toys are rotated by pulling the rope wrapped around them. It's called a spinning top. )

Oxford Dictionary (Donghua Bookstore): A toy that rotates and balances at a point, which is started by hand or by winding a thread around it, the thread is pulled away, and (in some cases) kept moving by whipping. A toy that keeps balance and rotates at one point can be rotated by turning or pulling the rope wrapped around it by hand, or (in some cases) by whipping. )

◆ The above explanation is based on traditional gyroscopes, but it is too narrow for today's diversified gyroscopes. Gyroscope has similar rotating toys in many nationalities all over the world, but after the research and improvement of modern science and technology, it has developed various strange forms and given various functions; For example, the materials for making gyroscopes are no longer limited to wood, magnetic levitation gyroscopes do not need to touch the ground, hand-twisted gyroscopes do not need ropes, ring gyroscopes can make sounds, and combat gyroscopes are made into oblate circles, which are beyond the scope of traditional gyroscopes. Therefore, it is considered that the generalized explanation of gyro should be defined as: any object can be called gyro as long as it can take its center of gravity as the fulcrum and maintain a stable rotation state after being stressed.

The Origin and Development of Gyroscope

Because of its age, the origin of gyroscopes is not recorded in detail, but gyroscopes have been unearthed in Neolithic sites, such as the Neolithic Majiayao cultural wooden gyroscopes unearthed in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province and the ceramic gyroscopes unearthed in Longshan Cultural Site, Shanxi Province. At present, most of the literature and history records begin with a toy similar to a gyro that appeared in the Song Dynasty, called "Qian Qian" (or Qian Qian car); It's a disc-shaped object. The central shaft (made of iron) is about one inch long (about four inches in diameter). It is twisted in the disc by hand to compete for a long time. This was one of the games used by concubines and maids in the backyard of the palace to pass the lonely time.

Su Hanchen's Baby Plays in the Song Dynasty (Kaifeng, who was a waiter in Xuanhe Painting Academy in Hui Zong in the Northern Song Dynasty, studied under Liu Zonggu, who was good at explaining Taoist figure paintings, especially baby plays) in the Palace Museum in Taiwan. There were two children playing with a gyro in front of the picture, which also confirmed that there was indeed an inverted bell-shaped gyro at that time. From the picture, the gyro at that time should be made of wood, like a cone, used. When it slows down, beat its side constantly with the rope so that it can keep turning. Today, children in the north of the mainland are still very popular in winter and early spring, especially throwing and playing on the thick ice, which is more fun. In Su Hanchen's another work "Playing Baby in Autumn Court", there is a prop to push the jujube mill. This is a game of rotation and balance. Whoever can keep the jujube mill in balance and turn it for a long time will win. This painting can also prove that there were many types of gyro toys at that time.

According to the Ming Dynasty's "Scenery of the Imperial Capital", the gyro is like a small empty clock, wooden, solid and handless. It is wrapped with a whip rope without a bamboo ruler, which protrudes underground, and its whip jerks. When you press the button, the top turns and there is no sound. Take a whip slowly and there will be no turning back. Turning sick, just like the ground in Li Zhuo, the top light rotates and the shadow does not move. The description of its small bell shape, no handle in the middle and rope winding on the whip proves that the gyro in the late Ming Dynasty is no different from today's whip gyro. Liu Dong wrote in the poem "Yangliuhuo": Yangliuhuo, whipping sudra, and the word "gyro" officially appeared in this period.

The role of gyro in life

◆ Recreation and entertainment

◆ Intelligence development

Germany and other countries design gyroscopes as educational supplies. Tuka is placed on the gyroscope. By playing with the gyroscope, you can recognize the patterns, colors or numbers on Tuka to train your eyesight and attention.

◆ Folk sports

◆ Artistic creation

Using different pigments and methods to present different customs and customs, and the mixed aesthetic feeling when rotating, can all become treasures in the collection.

◆ Scientific research

gyroscope principle

When a mechanical system (object) is acted by several forces, if the resultant force (magnitude and direction) is zero, and the sum of the moments of each force to any point is also zero, it is said that the mechanical system is in equilibrium. In other words, an object can be called "balance" when it presents a state of "the mover is constantly moving and the static is constantly static". In many cases, an object can be in equilibrium, not only at rest, but also in motion (including the motion of stars). Some equilibrium states can last for a long time, while others are only temporary phenomena. Generally speaking, static balance belongs to stable balance, while dynamic balance belongs to unstable balance. When the gyro is forced to rotate, the sum of centrifugal forces in all directions is balanced, so the gyro can temporarily stand at the shaft end to maintain balance. Then, due to the influence of various factors such as air resistance, ground friction, or the center of gravity of the gyro, its rotating force gradually weakens. When the rotating force disappears, the gyro also shakes left and right and falls down. Therefore, how to make the selected gyro well, grasp the throwing strength and key points, and make the gyro throw more accurately and rotate for a longer time has become the ultimate goal for gyro players to challenge.

The skill of playing top

◆ Skills of accurately throwing the gyro (the gyro with a top diameter of 2.5 inches to 3.3 inches is the best)

① Rope winding: nail up, right hand winding clockwise (left hand winding in the opposite direction), leaving a short knot for holding the rope (or winding it on fingers).

(2) Holding method: nail top or left top or right top, thumb, forefinger and middle finger hold the top upside down.

(3) Throwing method: the distance is determined by the length of the rope plus the length of the arm. The arm swings in the target direction, and the middle finger points in the target direction after the gyro leaves the hand. The strength depends on the accumulation of continuous practice experience.

◆ Skills of playing big gyro

① Rope winding: according to the length of the gyro tip, put the nail upward for two or three turns, and then wind the rope from the gyro tip to the gyro body from top to bottom, and tighten it in turn, and about one third is the best.

② Top the gyro: fasten the circumference of the top of the gyro with a rope in one hand, hold the gyro tip with the other hand, pick up the leg rest of the gyro, and prepare the gyro tip to go forward and downward. When throwing the gyro, the hand holding the top of the gyro leaves immediately, and the other hand holding the rope buckles the hand around the top of the gyro and rotates to generate rotating power, and then the two hands pull the rope alternately to prevent the gyro from falling to the ground. Pick up the rope in the opposite direction and run, don't look back, wait until the rope is finished.

Preservation of gyro

Gyroscope should be stored in a cool and ventilated place to avoid cracking in the sun, damp and mildew. If necessary, air conditioners or dehumidifiers should be used to dehumidify the storage places. Iron parts should be oiled and maintained in a timely manner (not too much, so as to avoid easy rope entanglement); If the rope feels hard, it should be soaked in water, washed, beaten (to remove sand and dust) and then dried in the shade.

Gyroscope is a familiar toy for primary and middle school students. A small gyro is spinning fast on the desktop. Seeing that it is still, on the one hand, it rotates rapidly around the axis inclined to the desktop, and on the other hand, it rotates slowly and steadily around the axis perpendicular to the desktop like a conical generatrix.

Why doesn't the top fall off when it rotates? Of the thousands of people who play gyro, probably few can answer this question correctly. Indeed, the rotation of the gyro is very interesting and mysterious.

Gyroscope has high research value in science. Throw the gyro into the air. It can keep its axis in the original direction. Using this characteristic of gyroscope to manufacture directional gyroscope, it is widely used in navigation, aviation and aerospace fields.