Knowledge points of Japanese earthquake hotspot analysis in junior middle school politics

The cause of the earthquake in Japan: it is located at the junction of the Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific plate, and it is located in the Pacific disaster area and the Pacific earthquake zone. Possible problems: 1 Will the nuclear leakage affect China (it should not be tested from the direction of ocean current, because the Japanese warm current drifts towards the United States to the high latitude)? About disaster prevention (strengthening publicity and education, strengthening monitoring and early warning, and speeding up rescue and emergency response mechanisms)? The relationship between tsunami and earthquake (and the secondary disaster of earthquake will disappear).

1. The distribution characteristics and reasons of Japanese industry, and the differences with Ruhr area in Germany. 2. Look at the picture and analyze the characteristics and reasons of Japan's climate. 3. The formation mechanism and types of earthquakes in Japan, as well as the knowledge of magnitude, intensity and seismic waves can also be obtained. Compare Japan earthquake with Wenchuan earthquake, and talk about how to prevent earthquake and reduce disaster. Because it is located at the junction of crustal plates, Japan has always been a country with frequent earthquakes. The epicenter was located in the Pacific Ocean east of Miyagi Prefecture, with a focal depth of 20 kilometers. According to the data collected by NASA, the earthquake caused Honshu Island in Japan to move eastward by about 3.6 meters, and the earth's axis moved by 25 centimeters, which accelerated the earth's rotation by 65,438 0.6 microseconds. On June 19, Japan's National Geographic Institute announced that due to the strong earthquake with a magnitude of 9 on the Richter scale that occurred on June 1 1, the Mulu Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture, located in the northwest of the epicenter, moved about 5.3 meters to the southeast where the epicenter was located, and at the same time sank about 1.2 meters, which is the largest crustal change recorded in Japan. The Korean peninsula also moved eastward by 5. 16 cm; There is also a phenomenon of moving several millimeters eastward in northern China. 1. Region-Japan (Japan's natural and human geography) 2. Natural disasters-earthquakes (causes, countermeasures and defensive measures of natural disasters, etc. ) 3. Nuclear radiation (polluted seawater moves with ocean currents; The movement of polluted air with the atmosphere) considers how to use nuclear energy and the future development goal of nuclear energy from the aspects of crustal movement and ocean current.

The most prominent feature of Japan's industrial layout is its coastal nature. Industry is mainly concentrated in the Pacific coastal areas, especially the so-called "three bays and one sea" areas, namely Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay and Osaka Bay, as well as the coastal areas of Seto Inland Sea. It starts from Kashima on the east side of Tokyo Bay in the east, passes through Chiba, Yokohama-Suruga Bay-Nagoya-Osaka and Kobe-Seto Inland Seas in Tokyo in the west, and finally reaches Kitakyushu, with a total length of 1000 km, including five industrial zones, including Keihin, Zhongjing, Hanshin, Setouchi and Kitakyushu, and their adjacent areas. It is an east-west banded region, usually called as. This area accounts for about 24% of the country's total area, but it has 60% of the population and the number of factories in Japan, more than 67% of the total number of workers, 75% of the industrial output value, 95% of the equipment capacity of large steel joint ventures, and more than 90% of the heavy chemical industry output value. In particular, the newly-built resource-based industries that consume a lot of raw materials after the war are distributed in this area and become typical representatives of coastal industrial zones. Pacific Industrial Belt is not only Japan, but also one of the most developed industrial zones in the world. The main reasons why Japanese industry is highly concentrated in this belt-shaped region are as follows: First, most of the raw materials and fuels for Japanese industrial development depend on imports, and most of the products depend on exports. Facing foreign markets is the basic starting point of Japan's industrial layout after the war. In many professional docks along the Pacific coast, imported raw materials and fuels are often directly transported to the production workshop for on-site processing through automatic water delivery lines; At the same time, the products produced are also transported to all parts of the world by sea ships through export professional docks. Therefore, in this sense, ships and ports have become the sources of Japanese industrial raw materials and fuels and the sales places of products. This not only saves land, but also shortens the production cycle, and can obtain huge economic benefits. The change of geographical composition of post-war resources, that is, from pre-war and wartime mainly facing the Sea of Japan (such as China and North Korea) to post-war mainly facing the Pacific Ocean (such as Southeast Asia, Oceania, Europe, North America, Africa and Latin America). ), which is the direct reason why industry is increasingly concentrated along the Pacific coast. Second, give full play to the advantages of island location conditions. Japan has a long coastline and many excellent harbors along the coast, especially the Pacific Ocean, which is deep and wide, calm and has little tidal range. It is suitable for building giant ports and deep-water docks and is convenient for large or super cargo ships to berth. At present, the port areas along the Pacific coast not only provide convenient conditions for the import of raw materials and the export of products, but also the increasingly large ship structure leads to the low cost of maritime transportation. Third, although Japan's coastal areas are already very dense and land is scarce, in recent years, land reclamation here has made land prices cheaper, which is conducive to investment and factory establishment. Fourthly, the major coastal industrial zones are the areas with the most concentrated industries, cities and population in Japan, so they are also the largest consumers of industrial products in China, realizing the economic principle that the origin is close to the consumption place. Fifth, in the process of implementing the policy of focusing on developing heavy chemical industry, Japan has invested heavily in the construction of public facilities and added traffic lines in coastal areas, which has provided various convenient conditions for the layout of new factories. Japan's industrial distribution is highly concentrated, the overall imbalance, and the over-concentration layout is unreasonable; But as far as an enterprise is concerned, it has compact layout, less land, easy contact with other enterprises, reasonable technology and high economic benefits.

However, after years of development, the original industrial areas in Japan have been crowded and saturated, and the problem of industrial redistribution has been put forward. The industrial distribution began to spread to other places, and the general trend was: (1) extended to the periphery of the original industrial zone and its peripheral inland parts, especially those technology-intensive industries; (2) expanding to consumer places; (3) tend to areas with abundant labor resources; (4) Establish local industrial strongholds in areas with backward industries. In addition, Japan has invested heavily in overseas factories, processed raw materials locally, and then shipped semi-finished products back to Japan.

Earthquakes are caused by rock fractures deep in the earth's crust. There are two kinds of faults: one is that the rocks on both sides of the fault zone slide relatively horizontally, and the other is that the rocks on both sides slide relatively vertically. Of course, there will be two situations: horizontal sliding and vertical sliding. When the vertical sliding is severe, the vibration of the rock will make the seawater vibrate in the vertical direction and spread around. In the deep water area, the fluctuation of seawater is not violent, but once these waves are close to the land, as the water depth becomes shallower and shallower, the energy becomes more and more concentrated, and finally a huge wave of 10 meter will be formed, which is a tsunami.

The earth rotates from west to east. The temperature is high in the tropics and low in the frigid regions, so besides the general wind, there is a big convection process in which the air at low latitudes rises and the air at high latitudes falls. In the process of high-altitude airflow flowing northward, due to the high linear velocity at low latitude, the flow direction will be eastward, forming a fixed westerly belt. The accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant was about 38 degrees north latitude, which proved that the upper air always moves from west to east in the area affected by westerlies. If a powerful explosion really blows radioactive dust into the sky, it will only affect the inaccessible Aleutian Islands, Alaska and other places. In the process of airflow blowing, radioactive dust will dilute and spread in the atmosphere, and the impact will be quite weak when it reaches the North American continent.