Translation of Chapter 10 of The Analects of Confucius

Confucius looked very polite and respectful in his hometown, as if he could not speak. But in the ancestral temple and the imperial court, he is good at words, but he is more cautious.

When Confucius was in the imperial court, he talked to the doctor, who was gentle and happy. Speak honestly and fairly to the doctor; The monarch came, respectful and uneasy, but gentle.

When the monarch asked Confucius to receive the guests, Confucius' face became solemn and his steps became faster. He bowed to the person standing with him, left or right, and his clothes swung back and forth, but they were clean and tidy. When you walk fast, you spread your wings like a bird. After the guests leave, they must report to the monarch: "The guests have never looked back."

Confucius walked into the court gate, looking cautious and respectful, as if he could not tolerate him. Standing, he is not standing in the middle of the door; Go ahead, don't step on the threshold. When he passed the monarch's seat, his face immediately became solemn, his steps accelerated, and his speech seemed to be out of breath. When you lift your clothes and walk to class, you look respectful and cautious, holding your breath as if you were not breathing.

Come out and walk down the steps, face spread out, feeling very comfortable. After walking the steps, take a few quick steps forward, as if a bird is spreading its wings. Return to your position, respectful and uneasy.

Confucius was sent to other vassal states. ) Holding laurel respectfully and carefully, it seems that I can't lift it. When you lift it, you seem to be bowing, and when you put it down, you seem to be handing something. His face is as serious as shaking, and his steps are very small, as if walking in a straight line. The atmosphere was very pleasant when the gift-giving ceremony was held. When you meet the monarch in private, you will be more relaxed and happy.

A gentleman does not need dark blue and red cloth edges, nor does he need red or purple cloth to make clothes he usually wears at home. Wear thick or thin gingerbread in summer, but be sure to wear it outside your underwear. Black sheepskin robe with black blouse. White deerskin robe with white overalls. Yellow fox fur with yellow blouse.

The fur robe you usually wear at home is made longer and the right sleeve is shorter. You must have pajamas when you sleep, and you must have a bust. Use the thick hair of the fox as a cushion. After the mourning period expires, after taking off the mourning clothes, you will wear various decorations. If it is not a dress, it must be cut. Don't wear a black sheepskin robe and a black hat to mourn. On the first day of every month, you must wear a dress to visit the monarch.

When taking a bath on an empty stomach, you must have a bathrobe made of cloth. When fasting, you must change your usual diet, and when you live, you must move.

Grain will never be ground too finely, and fish and meat will never be cut too finely. The food is old and stale, and the fish and meat are rotten, so we don't eat it. The color of the food has changed, so don't eat it. The taste has changed. Stop eating. Improper cooking, do not eat. Don't eat new things from time to time.

Don't eat the meat if it isn't cut properly. Don't eat the wrong seasoning. Although there is a lot of meat on the table, the amount eaten does not exceed the amount of rice and flour. You can drink as much as you want, but you're not drunk. Dried meat and wine bought from the market are not eaten. There must be ginger at every meal, but don't eat too much.

The meat that Confucius got when he attended the sacrificial ceremony of the monarch could not be reserved for the next day. The meat used for sacrifice is not more than three days. After three days, I won't eat.

Don't talk when eating, don't talk when sleeping. Even if it is coarse rice soup, you should take out a part of it to worship your ancestors before eating, and your expression should be as serious and respectful as when fasting.

Don't sit down because the mat is not put away. After drinking in the countryside, (Confucius) must wait for the old man to go out first, and then go out by himself. When villagers hold religious ceremonies to welcome gods and exorcise ghosts, Confucius always stands on the eastern steps in royal robes.

Confucius asked people to greet his friends in other vassal countries and sent them off twice.

Ji Kangzi gave the medicine to Confucius, who thanked him and accepted it, saying, "I don't know the nature of the medicine, so I dare not taste it."

The stable caught fire and burned down. Confucius came back from North Korea and said, "Did you hurt anyone?" Don't ask what happened to the horse.

When the monarch gave him cooked food, Confucius must straighten his seat and taste it first. When the monarch gives raw meat, it must be cooked. Sacrifice the ancestors first. The creatures given by the monarch must be raised. Have dinner with the monarch. When the monarch holds a pre-dinner ceremony, he must taste it first.

Confucius was ill, and the monarch came to visit him. He was lying with his head facing east, wearing royal robes and dragging a big belt.

The monarch summoned (Confucius) and he left on foot before the horses and chariots were ready. Confucius went to the ancestral temple and asked everything.

When a friend died and no relatives were in charge of the funeral, Confucius said, "I'll handle the funeral." Friends give gifts, even chariots and horses, but they don't sacrifice meat, and Confucius doesn't worship them. (Confucius) Sleeping is not as stiff as a dead body, nor as solemn as being a guest or receiving guests at home on weekdays.

(Confucius) When you see people in mourning, even if they are close, you must become serious. When you see an official and a blind man, you must be polite even if they are often together. When riding, when you meet someone in mourning, you lie down on the front rail (to show sympathy).

When you meet someone from the National Library, you do the same (to show respect). If there is a big banquet, stand up and thank you for a change. In case of thunder and strong wind, you must change your appearance (to show your awe of the sky).

When getting on the bus, you must stand up straight first, and then pull the handrail to get on the bus. In the car, don't look back, don't talk loudly, and don't point with your fingers.

When Confucius was walking in the valley, he saw a flock of pheasants flying there. Confucius looked a little, and the pheasant flew for a while and landed on the tree. Confucius said, "These pheasants on the mountain ridge came at the right time!" Just in time! Lutz bowed to them, and the pheasant buzzed and flew away.

Extended data:

The Analects of Confucius is a short book, but it is absolutely necessary for learning and understanding China culture.

The Analects of Confucius not only influenced the history of China for more than two thousand years, but also spread overseas very early. As a representative work of China culture, it has a great influence all over the world, and it is a true oriental bible.

Talking about the historical position and influence of The Analects of Confucius is inseparable from the name Confucius. Confucius hit a political wall many times in his life, with few successes and many setbacks, but he was famous for his noble morality, excellent character and profound knowledge, and was praised by people at that time. At that time, people said that he was a wooden and versatile saint used by God to inspire people.

The Western Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone, so Confucius' position was pushed to the top of the pre-Qin philosophers. Sima Qian, a great historian, established a family for Confucius in Historical Records, promoted him to the status of a vassal and praised him as the most holy. Some Confucianists call Confucius King Su, that is, a man who has the virtue of an emperor and does not occupy the position of an emperor.

From then until the Qing Dynasty, Confucianism was basically in an exclusive position. Rulers of past dynasties greatly respected Confucius, built temples and offered sacrifices, conferred titles and privileges on their descendants, and added various luxurious titles to Confucius himself, such as Dacheng, Wang Xuan and Sage.

The name of Confucius almost became a symbol of ancient civilization in China. Although the Confucian thoughts of past dynasties have undergone certain transformation, which is different from the original appearance of Confucius' theory, the contents of Confucius' thoughts, such as emphasizing the rule of virtue, attaching importance to education, ignoring ghosts and gods and attaching importance to personnel, and being proactive, have always been the basic principles of Confucianism and still played a role and influence for a long time in history.

Although Confucius was knowledgeable, he did nothing about it. He did not write a systematic ideological exposition except sorting out ancient books such as poems and books. The Analects of Confucius, as a material compiled by disciples and later scholars, played a compensatory role in this respect.

The content of The Analects involves Confucius' social and political thoughts, ethical thoughts, philosophical thoughts, educational thoughts and other aspects, and also records some of his living habits and details. It can be said that The Analects of Confucius is the most precious first-hand material for studying Confucius' thoughts and life. This is also the reason why The Analects of Confucius can occupy an important position in history.

The Analects of Confucius is an important classic of China's ancient Confucianism, and it is a recorded work of Confucius' disciples and later scholars describing Confucius' words and deeds. This book was finally set in the early Warring States period. Because of its popularity, it is difficult to determine the specific author, but it is the most concentrated record of Confucius' thought.

Confucian classic The Analects records the words and deeds of Confucius, a thinker and educator, and his disciples in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Analects of Confucius played an important role in ancient officials and politicians. The leadership wisdom and methods contained in The Analects of Confucius still have reference value for today's leaders.

The ceremony here is actually a code of conduct, which can be understood as today's national laws and regulations, the code of conduct at work and the moral standards of citizens. Confucius also advocated that you should not do anything shameful, and you should restrain your behavior with shame. Whether it's courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame, it's all about people's behavior, and it's all about restraining and demanding yourself.

Being strict with yourself in work and life is a necessary moral quality and style requirement for leaders, and an inevitable choice to practice the way of being a gentleman. Self-discipline and self-criticism are not only conducive to the improvement of personal moral cultivation, but also can impress people with their rigorous style and improve leadership.

Strict self-discipline emphasizes self-discipline. Self-discipline is an internal factor that plays a decisive and key role in the change of subject, and it is the process and result of using self-construction ability to regulate one's behavior. Self-discipline requires people to have a high degree of consciousness and initiative, and strictly abide by the law when others don't care, others don't watch and others don't know.

Whether you can be strict with yourself is one of the standards to measure a person's moral cultivation. Leaders have a special position, especially leaders in important departments and positions, who often face various temptations and tests. Only when we are strict with ourselves at all times and don't relax in our thoughts can we hold the defense line of morality and law.

Zhu De, who is highly respected, has always set high standards and strict demands on himself. 1In August, 975, he went to Qingdao Arts and Crafts Factory to inspect the work, and saw a shell sculpture painting of Three Gorges at dusk, which was attracted by its ingenious conception and was full of praise. Factory leaders took advantage of Zhu De's visit in the workshop to wrap the painting and put it quietly in his car.

Zhu De sent someone to send the painting back to the factory immediately after he found it. This shows that leaders should always be strict with themselves, not moved by interests, not polluted by the environment, not polluted by the secular, and always remain pure. However, some leaders can't self-discipline, can't stand the temptation and test, and fall into the abyss of crime.

Yang Shihong, former director of Wuhan Public Security Bureau, was sentenced to death with a suspended execution for accepting bribes. He said: "Leading cadres of law enforcement agencies like me, like the goal on a football field, have been attacked and broken." This is obviously an excuse to blame the position itself and others for the fault.

Lutz also asked the same question, and Confucius replied: Only when leaders take the lead can people be driven to do it together without complaint. Although the two answers are different, they express the same point: a leader's role as an example is very important and can drive and influence the world trend.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan Ying, a doctor in the State of Qi, lived a very frugal life and never enjoyed privileged treatment. He wears simple clothes and drives a broken car. Qi Jinggong sent someone to send a good car and a good horse, but Yan Ying refused to accept it. Qi Jinggong didn't understand what this meant. Yan Ying explained: "I am frugal to set an example for the Lebanese people and prevent extravagance and waste from prevailing.

If we all pay attention to wearing beautiful clothes, riding a BMW and pursuing luxury enjoyment, people will follow suit, which will lead to bad behavior and corrupt social atmosphere. It will be difficult to correct it then, so I can't accept your reward. "Yan Ying took the lead in setting an example and did not engage in privilege, which saved the precarious state of Qi to a certain extent.

As the name implies, setting an example is first of all to set an example and play an exemplary role. The words and deeds of leaders are seen by the masses and remembered by the people; What he has done is not only a matter of personal morality, but also affects the image of a team, the atmosphere of a department and a region, and even the healthy development of the party's cause.

Therefore, leaders should set an example first, strengthen moral construction, and ask others to do what they want to do first; If you ask others not to do it, you can't do it first.

Leaders can set an example and take the lead if they don't confess. If leaders are pure in thought, noble in morality and correct in behavior, they will not only establish a good self-image and win the support of the people, but also influence and drive the people's atmosphere to be positive.

A noble gentleman has been boasting and expressing his shame with actions. It is hard to say ancient words, that is, I am afraid that my actions will not catch up, that is, my words are greater than my actions.

A gentleman can't be a little casual about anything he says, just say what he can and has done, and don't talk nonsense about what he can't and hasn't done.

Zhang, a reformer and politician in Ming Dynasty, put forward a series of measures for clean government. Unfortunately, he advocated honesty in words, but he was arrogant and extravagant in action.

"Ming History" records that when Zhang returned to his hometown to visit his mother, he spared no expense to make a luxurious sedan chair with 32 people, which is rare in history. It has a bedroom, a living room and a kitchen, served by a golden couple. It is very luxurious.

There is a good saying: "easier said than done." Some leaders are just empty talk, not pragmatic. They speak eloquently in public and in front of the masses, but looking back, they can't practice it. People usually don't like to listen to what leaders say and how to say it on stage, but want to see what leaders do and how to do it off stage.

Truly capable leaders often have no rhetoric, only practical actions. No matter what achievements or contributions are made, they are not spoken, but made. Only when words and deeds are consistent can we gain the trust of the masses. Yang Shanzhou, a good cadre of the Party, worked hard for the people for decades.

In order to fulfill the promise of "doing something practical for the local people without asking for anything in return", he resolutely gave up the opportunity to enjoy his old age in the provincial capital after retirement, took root in Liangshan and volunteered to plant trees. In 22 years, he built a 56,000-mu forest farm worth 300 million yuan and handed it over to the state free of charge.

For a promise, Yang Shanzhou spent almost his whole life. He is truth-seeking, pioneering and honest. People like Yang Shanzhou are leaders trusted by the masses, and gentlemen who are consistent in their words and deeds.

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