Who can talk about the merits and demerits of Qin Shihuang?

Do we need to talk about the achievements of the First Emperor? Of course, no one is a sage, so who can have no faults? Moreover, as he grew older, he finally understood that he should hand over the country to Fusu and let him implement benevolent government and let the people take a breather. It's a pity that the eunuch Zhao Gao disrupted the government. Even today, the Qin tyranny criticized by many people is indeed because the First Emperor was an idealist. He really wanted to do everything by himself, but ignored that things develop and the road must be walked step by step. reason! Otherwise, how could we enjoy the convenience of Dujiangyan, Zhengguo Canal, etc. today? King Qin Yingzheng was an outstanding statesman in ancient Chinese history. He was also the founder of the Qin Dynasty, the first unified feudal dynasty in history. The first emperor in history "Qin Shihuang". Yingzheng was an ambitious monarch. He completed the great cause of unification, ended the situation of separatism among princes since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, opened a new chapter in history, and laid a solid foundation for the development of the Chinese nation. The period from 770 BC to 221 BC was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in my country. In the intervening 549 years, the princes fought endlessly, and the people were displaced and homeless to avoid the war. Agricultural development was greatly damaged, and a large number of fields were deserted. Furthermore, the Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples took advantage of the situation to enter the customs and went south to harass the people in surrounding areas, bringing many disasters to the people's production and life. Therefore, the majority of the people hope that reunification can be completed as soon as possible. Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains in response to the people's wishes and ended the feudal wars that had lasted for hundreds of years. People's lives gradually stabilized, and a relatively complete feudal country began to be born. During the Warring States Period, due to the different writing, currency, weights and measures of various countries, it affected the economic and cultural exchanges between various places. Countries such as Qi and Yan issued knife coins, while Zhao, Wei, Han and other countries issued shovel-shaped cloth coins. Circular square-hole coins circulated around Qin and the east, but Chu used shell coins. Weights and measures are tools for commodity exchange and are related to national taxation. However, due to the different unit systems of each country, the weights and measures among the seven countries are diverse. In order to solve the many problems caused by currency inaccuracies and different units, Qin Shihuang issued an order to issue uniformly across the country, use round square hole coins, use the weights and measures during the Qin Dynasty's Shang Yang Reform as the standard, change the measurement units to decimal systems, and regularly check weights and measures. Check it out. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the separation of feudal lords, different characters have been created, and some differences have inevitably arisen. The different forms of characters have caused inconvenience and misunderstandings in people's communication, and have created great obstacles to economic, cultural and ideological exchanges in social life. While unifying weights and measures, Qin Shihuang also ordered the unification of writing. It was stipulated that Xiaozhuan of the Qin State should be used as the standard font used throughout the country, and the old characters of the Six Kingdoms should be abolished. Xiaozhuan not only absorbs and inherits the rational factors of the six countries' writing, but also has the characteristics of concise strokes. Easier to promote. In addition, there is also a popular writing among the people that is simpler than Xiaozhuan - official script. This is the predecessor of modern Chinese characters in our country. In order to eliminate repeated invasions by nomads in the north, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of the Great Wall to resist foreign attacks, and sent Meng Tian to send troops to attack. After eliminating the threat of the Xiongnu, Qin Shihuang immediately changed his focus and determined to surrender and vigorously develop the Yue areas. He moved nearly 500,000 people to the Yue areas to live among the Yue people and promote the integration of the ethnic groups. No one can make mistakes without being a sage. Although Qin Shihuang was a monarch with countless achievements, he was also a tyrant recognized by the world. During his lifetime, he spared no effort in manpower for his own enjoyment. He used tens of thousands of prisoners every year (in fact, most of them were innocent victims) to work in the scorching sun and severe cold for many years. In total, Mao Zedong built more than 400 villas in Guanzhong. There are more than 400 villas and 270 palaces built outside the pass and within 200 miles of Xianyang. The most famous among them is the grand Epang Palace. It is said that the radius of Epang Palace is 300 miles. Qin Shihuang wanted to enjoy an unparalleled imperial life after his death. As soon as he succeeded to the throne, he began to build a mausoleum for himself in Lishan Mountain. This mausoleum was repaired for decades until his death. In addition to the large number of rare treasures hidden inside the mausoleum, the mausoleum itself resembles a miniature universe. The top of the tomb is decorated with astronomical images, inlaid with large pearls, symbolizing the sun, moon and stars. And use various expensive materials to imitate a series of landscapes such as rivers and mountains. In order to prevent the tomb from being stolen, the tomb is surrounded by traps. Once touched, people will be shot to death by hidden arrows. In order to achieve immortality, Qin Shihuang was deceived by Xu Fu, Lu Sheng and others several times, and squandered a lot of manpower and financial resources in order to obtain the elixir of immortality.

In addition, in order to strengthen the control over people's thoughts and implement the policy of obscuring the people, Qin Shihuang accepted the suggestion of Prime Minister Li Si to "burn books and entrap Confucians". He issued a book-burning order and stipulated that, except for the government, the private sector would only collect books related to medicine, divination and planting, and the rest would be handed over for destruction. Anyone who hides something secretly or fails to report it will be punished. Except for the "History of Qin", the other history books of the Six Kingdoms were not immune to the problem. Except for Confucianism, all other schools of thought were burned to the ground. He also secretly interrogated more than 400 Confucian scholars who had secretly slandered him, and finally buried them all alive. "Burning books and entrapping Confucians" is an unprecedented catastrophe suffered by ancient Chinese classics, which has caused irreparable losses to our culture. To sum up, in the process of unifying the six countries, Qin Shihuang laid a solid foundation for the establishment of a unified political, economic and cultural feudal empire, ended the long-term melee between princes, and completed the unprecedented cause of unification. It also demonstrated its own strength and image, providing a certain demonstration and reference for future generations in terms of national unity and resistance to foreign invasion. Of course, due to the limitations of the times and class, Qin Shihuang, as the first monarch of a feudal country, inevitably had many flaws and regrets. For example, extensive construction work was carried out to build the Afang Palace, "burning books and harassing Confucians", etc. Historians have already commented on their destructive and negative effects, so there is no need to go into detail. Future generations should learn from this, and this is also the significance of our comment on Qin Shihuang's merits and demerits.

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