A composition of about 450 words about Mongolian architectural characteristics.

On the vast grassland, there is a minority: Mongolian.

(Hulunbeier) There is a beautiful legend. Once upon a time, there was a couple on the grassland. The girl's name is Hulun and the boy's name is Bell. One day, the demon Munger snatched Hulun's girl and sucked up the water on the grassland. The grass turned yellow and the livestock fell dead. In order to save the grassland and Hulun, Bell traveled long distances day and night to find the devil. He fainted from fatigue. In the illusion, he saw that Hulun was turned into an Arirang flower by witchcraft and was tortured in the sand. After Bell woke up, he was watered with water, and Hulun recovered. The demon never gave up and regained Hulun. In order to save the grassland, Hulun designed and outwitted the magic beads on the demon's head, swallowed them and turned them into lake water. At the same time, Bell also killed all the little demons. Bell couldn't find Hulun by the lake, so he was heartbroken and jumped into the lake. Suddenly, the mountains and rivers split, and two lakes formed on the grassland, Hulun Lake and Bell Lake. The Urson River closely linked the two lakes. In order to remember them forever, people on the grassland named this version of the grassland Hulunbeier.

Hulunbeier covers an area of 250.557 square kilometers and has a population of 2.66 million. It is a Mongolian-dominated ethnic group, including Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, Manchu and Russian. Hulunbeier grassland is called "green pure land" because it is not polluted.

(When entering the grassland)

Now, we come to Hulunbeier grassland. You and I are far away from the city, away from downtown, and into the grassland. You see, the grassland is like a green carpet, green and soft. From a distance, there are countless kinds of wild flowers in full bloom on the grassland, and yurts are dotted with kitchen smoke. The breeze is blowing, the grass is fluttering, horses, cattle and sheep are floating everywhere, and you can see the beautiful scene of the wind blowing and the sheep seeing people everywhere during the New Year.

(Come to the yurt)

This is the yurt we saw in the car just now. Look, the host came out to meet us. Of course, this is not an arranged reception procedure. Before entering the yurt, Mongolian herders who are famous for their hospitality will always come out of the yurt to warmly welcome you when they hear someone's footsteps. When welcoming guests, put your right hand on your chest, bow down slightly, and follow matches and matches, white slaves "(good! Hello! ) Greet, invite guests into the bag, the man sits on the left, the woman sits on the right, and the host sits in the middle. As soon as we were seated, the host brought milk tea and various dairy products for everyone to taste. I will send milk tea and various dairy products to everyone for tasting, and I will send hand-grabbed meat for a while. At the same time, Hada and wine will be presented to you. Wine and songs are together, just like blue sky and white branches and green grass like flowers. There is a saying among the people that a song can't be a feast. Grassland herders, regardless of gender and age, everyone can sing. In the toast, instead of food, there are grassland folk songs and Mongolian people on the melodious grassland of Ma Touqin. They can not only sing, but also dance. Here, you can not only see traditional folk dances. Here, you can see not only the traditional folk dance, but also the cheerful rhythm and vigorous dance steps in modern folk dance. Now let's go into the yurt and be guests of Mongolian herders.

Mongolians live on grasslands and live on animal husbandry. Koumiss and braised pork are their favorite drinks, food and hospitality dishes in daily life. Koumiss wine is mild in nature and has the effects of expelling cold, relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation and strengthening stomach. Known as purple jade pulp and yuan jade pulp, it is one of the "eight treasures of Mongolia". Braised pork is one of the traditional Mongolian foods. Everyone took Mongolian knives and cut them in chunks. It got its name because it grabbed food with its hands instead of chopsticks. Pour wine to respect guests, and eat meat with your hands, which is the performance of grassland herders' respect and love for guests.

"Mongolian yurt" is the Manchu name of Mongolian herdsmen's housing. "Bao" means "home" and "house" in Manchu. Although the yurt looks small, it has a large use area. And indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, not afraid of wind and rain, very suitable for herders to live and use frequently.

(out of the yurt)

Under the blue sky and white clouds, you can see endless grasslands, flocks of cattle and sheep, galloping horses, and skilled herders holding horse poles, waving whips and galloping horses. Want to experience it? Dare to run a few laps on a Mongolian horse, or take a walk and stroll on a camel. It doesn't matter if someone is afraid to ride a horse or a camel. Riding on the grassland can also find the pleasure of nomadic life.

(Introduce the physical condition of Mongolians)

Go to the grassland and see for yourself, which Mongolian girl is not graceful, tall and straight? Which young man is not exposed, full of friendship and strength? It is said that this is related to the Mongolian people's habit of running and exercising immediately, and at the same time, we should not underestimate the powerful nourishing effect of milk tea and milk food on the empty people for a long time.

(Introducing Mongolian Eating Habits)

Let's talk about milk tea first: the shopkeeper breaks the brick tea and adds water to boil it. When the tea was jingling with tea powder, he poured fresh milk and drank such milk tea. The shepherd who came back from Leng Xue suddenly warmed up. A bowl of milk tea, a handful of fried rice, or a few pieces of milk tofu and a few pieces of mutton are all a good meal. Herdsmen's milk food includes milk powder, milk skin, milk tofu, milk wine, milk cool, white oil, butter and so on. Dinner can be served with meat and pasta.

It's a pity to come to the grassland without eating hand-grabbed meat! Hand-grilled meat is to cut the cleaned whole lamb into several large pieces and cook it in clear water, then cook it twice, leave the pot and the fire, hold a Mongolian knife and eat it while cutting. Mongolians believe that as soon as the appearance of meat turns white, reddish bloodshot appears in the meat, which is to maximize the nutrition of meat.

(introducing Mongolian costumes)

On the grassland, Mongolians wearing Mongolian robes can be seen all year round. Mongolian robe is the product of social production practice of ancient herders. Wear a robe with a belt and headdress. Robes have high collars and long sleeves to protect the neck and wrists from mosquito bites; The robe is loose and wide, which can not only move freely at once, but also wrap the knees, legs and wrists from the cold. Life in the grassland has changed a lot now, and your clothes have also entered the grassland. However, robes are the cultural heritage of Mongolia after all. In the eyes of Mongolians, the Mongolian robe has become a symbol of national consciousness and concept.

(introducing Mongolian yurts)

I came to the grassland and saw the yurt with my own eyes, but do you know the history and structure of the yurt?

According to historical records. Biography of Xiongnu records that as early as Tang Yao and Yu Shun, Xiongnu ancestors lived in the north, "wearing leather clothes, wearing felt and fur, living in the vault, everyone knows that the sky is like a vault, and the cage covers four fields". The vault is the Mongolian yurt that has been quenched so far. Since then, the history of yurts has been at least 4000 years, and yurts-a condensed history of a great nation.

Talk about the structure of Mongolian yurts: herdsmen set up a circular house foundation with stones, and put Hana "(wall frame) made of wooden poles and leather ropes on the house foundation, which is in a slope shape and covered with Wuni" (rafters) pieces. Then wrap blankets or skins around Hana and Wuni, and a yurt with a round spire is completed. Round yurts have little resistance to snowstorms, and there is no water on top of them when it rains. The door is small and connected with the ground, so the snow is not easy to accumulate. The net wall is easy to fold when moving, which is suitable for nomadic life. This may be the reason why the structure of yurts has not changed for thousands of years.

If the yurt is the home of the Mongols, then the unique Lele car on the grassland is the mobile home of the Mongols.

How long is the rut run over by Lele car? How far is it? It can't be verified now. Le Che Le is made of birch. The car shoes, spokes, wheel centers, axles, axles and frame are all made of birch, which is hard and difficult to deform when wet. Che Le's wheels are tall and big. Why? Because the Lele car on the grassland often runs through the dense grass, thick snow and swamp areas by the river and lake, it can avoid getting stuck in the car because of its high wheels, which is smooth and clear. The shepherd hangs upside down (moves), carrying people in front and pulling goods behind. Le Che Le is an essential property and close partner of grassland herders.

(introducing Mongolian festivals)

There are many festivals on the grassland, but Nadam is the most famous. Nadam means entertainment, recreation and play in Mongolian. General activities include horse racing, wrestling, archery and national cultural performances. Nadam has a long history and was famous in the world as early as 700 years ago. Now Nadam is usually held in June and July. At this time, it is the harvest season with lush grasslands and rich years. Herdsmen need to sell livestock and livestock products, buy daily necessities and means of production. The grassland is vast and the herdsmen are nomadic, so there are not many opportunities to get together. Therefore, the Nadam Conference naturally became a conference for material exchange.

Speaking of Nadam, I can't help but say that it is a memorial to Aobao. "Aobao", transliterated in Mongolian, means "Duizi", which is a pile of artificial stones or mounds, usually built on the top of a mountain or a hill. The grassland is vast and boundless, and the direction and road are difficult to confirm. So people came up with this idea and piled stones as a sign. However, in the long historical development, it gradually evolved into a place to worship mountain gods and road gods. Sacrificing Aobao is the most solemn sacrifice activity of Mongolian people. When offering sacrifices, branches should be inserted on the Aobao, and colorful cloth strips or paper flags with scriptures should be hung on them. There are generally four kinds of sacrificial ceremonies, namely, blood sacrifice, wine sacrifice, fire sacrifice and jade sacrifice, but in any case, lamas should be asked to burn incense and light a fire, and recite scriptures and mantras. People have to turn around Aobao three times from left to right, and some people have to throw a few small stones on the pile to pray for God's blessing, to bless people and animals. After the ceremony, people entered a stage of unrestrained and free welcome. Herdsmen should not only hold traditional activities such as horse racing, wrestling and archery, but also enjoy singing, dancing and drinking. At this time, some young men and women quietly avoid the crowd to fall in love, which is the so-called "Aobaohui". But nowadays, "offering sacrifices to Aobao" is often for the needs of tourism, and the etiquette is simpler.