Complete explanation of the Chinese version of the seventh-grade Chinese textbook "Poetry" in the second volume

Part 1: Background knowledge and related background

1. Pronunciation and meaning:

Leisurely: leisurely and contented.

Human realm: the human world.

The noise of carriages and horses: the poem refers to the turmoil of worldly traffic.

Rixi: Near dusk.

True meaning: real interest.

Distinguish: distinguish, explain.

Klook: journey.

Fengzheng: favorable wind.

Can Ye: When the night is about to end.

Old New Year: The end of the year.

Hometown letters: letters from home.

Tianjie: a street in Beijing.

Moisturize like crisp: Moisturize like crisp. Crispy, creamy.

Winner: Excellent.

Black cloud: a metaphor for enemy troops in the poem.

Pro: Arrival.

Can’t speak: the sound is silent. This refers to the low sound of the drum.

Jade Dragon: the synonym for the sword.

2. Relevant background:

1. About the author

Tao Yuanming (AD 3xx~4xx), whose courtesy name is Yuanliang, is said to have a latent name, and is also known as Mr. Jingjie, who also named himself Mr. Wuliu because there were five willow trees beside his house, was from Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). His grandfather and father both held official positions as prefects, but by the time Tao Yuanming arrived, his family's financial situation had already been ruined. Because of this family background, Tao Yuanming was fond of reading the Six Classics in his youth and had great ambitions to help the common people, but he also hated the secular world and loved pure nature. He became an official at the age of 29 and served as a minor official in the state, serving as a wine drinker and joining the army. Later, due to the bumpy official career, he was impatient to give in to the villagers for five buckets of rice, and was even more angry at the annexation of the northern and southern gentry. Wang Gong, Sima Daozi, Huan Wen, Liu Yu and others usurped each other. Tao Yuanming resolutely decided at the age of 41 He resigned as Pengze County Magistrate, who had only been in office for more than 80 days, and returned to Chaisang to live in seclusion. From then until his death for 23 years, he entertained himself by farming and studying, and did not enter the official position again. Tao Yuanming was good at poetry and prose, and the "Collected Works of Tao Yuanming" has been handed down to the world. His main prose works include "Returning to the Past (with Preface)", "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring", "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", etc.

Wang Wan, whose birth and death are unknown, was born in Luoyang and was a Jinshi during the Xiantian period. At the beginning of Kaiyuan Dynasty, he was the chief secretary of Xingyang and ended up as the captain of Luoyang. Wang Wan was an early poet, and Yin Fan's "Heyue Yingling Collection" said that he was an early poet, and he was known throughout the world. There are many writings between Wu and Chu. "At the foot of Cibeigu Mountain" Zhonghai was born and stayed at night. Jiang Chunwen was highly praised by Zhang Shuo in the old year. He personally inscribed it in the political hall and asked the Chinese scholars to use it as a regular script.

Han Yu (7xx~8xx AD) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Tuizhi, a native of Heyang, Henan (now south of Meng County, Henan). He calls himself Junwang Jingli and Han Changli in the world. He was orphaned at an early age and was raised by his sister-in-law. Study hard on your own. Jinshi of Zhenyuan, he was appointed as the supervisory censor, and was demoted to Yangshan order due to his affairs. After being pardoned, he served as Doctor of the Imperial College, Minister of Justice, etc. He was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou because he dissuaded Xianzong from welcoming the Buddha's bones. Later he became the Minister of History. His posthumous title was Wen, and he was known as Han Wengong in the world. He fought against the parallel-pair style of writing since the Six Dynasties and advocated San style. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was an advocate of the ancient prose movement. His prose was innovated and developed on the basis of inheriting the ancient prose of the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. In the old days, it was ranked first among the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. There is "Collection of Mr. Changli".

Li He (AD 7xx~8xx), whose courtesy name is Changji, was born in Fuchang (now Yiyang County, Henan Province). A famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. The descendants of the Tang clan, Prince Zheng, were descendants of the royal family. He is a rare genius. He was able to speak at the age of seven. At the age of twenty, he took the Henan Prefectural Examination and was promoted to Jinshi. However, because his father's name, Jin Su, was taboo (because Jin and Jin have the same pronunciation), he was disqualified from taking the exam and lost his career path. He only served as a minor official such as Li Lang. He was depressed and had no official ambitions, and devoted himself to poetry creation. Later, he died at the age of twenty-six due to poverty and disease. Li He became famous for his poems when he was young and was appreciated by Han Yu and others. He is an influential romantic poet in the history of Chinese literature. The imagination of his poems is unique and novel. He often uses beautiful myths and legends to gallop rich imagination and create unique and magnificent realms with original ideas.

Poems with close meaning and far-reaching meaning were unique in the poetry world of the Tang Dynasty and were known as Changji style. But his works are also deliberately curious and obscure. He is the author of "Li Changji's Poems".

Ma Zhiyuan (AD 12xx?~13xx?), whose courtesy name was Qianli and whose name was Dongli. A native of Dadu (now Beijing). One of the four great masters of Yuan Opera. "Guilu Book" records that he once served as the provincial secretary of Zhejiang Province. In his later years, he resigned and lived in seclusion. There are 16 kinds of dramas written, 7 of which have been handed down to this day, including "Jiang Qingshan", "Autumn in the Han Palace" and "Blessing Tablet". The representative work "Autumn in the Han Palace" is one of the outstanding dramas of the Yuan Dynasty. Other sanqu can be found in various collections of "Yongxi Yuefu", and later generations compiled the sanqu into "Dongli Yuefu", among which "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts" and "Night Boat·Autumn Thoughts" are particularly famous.

2. About the background

"Drinking"

"Drinking" is twenty poems, preceded by a short preface that says: I am living in leisure and have little pleasure, and the night has been long. , there are famous wines occasionally, and I drink them every night. Gu Jing was alone, and suddenly he became drunk again. After getting drunk, he often wrote a few sentences to amuse himself. There was a lot of paper and ink, and the words were incomprehensible. According to this, these twenty poems are mixed poems written after drinking in the autumn of the same year. The excuse of being drunk was to escape the literary world at that time. Xiao Liu's "Preface to the Collection of Tao Yuanming" said: There is a suspicion that wine is involved in Tao Yuanming's poems, but I think the intention is not wine, but wine as a trace. "Drinking" is a representative work in this regard. It was probably written in the 13th year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (4xx years), when Tao Yuanming was fifty-three years old.

"At the foot of Cibeigu Mountain"

Beigu Mountain is located in the north of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, close to the Yangtze River, and forms a corner with Jinshan and Jiaoshan. It is located on the south side of the intersection of the canal and the Yangtze River, where ships traveling from south to north must pass. Wang Wan is from Luoyang. According to "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty", he often traveled between Wu and Chu; according to the small note in "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", this poem was written on the way from Wangwan to Wuzhong (today's Suzhou City).

Volume 4 of Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou Nei Bian" in the Ming Dynasty lists this poem as one of the masterpieces of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and believes that it is consistent with the style of the early Tang Dynasty; its charm is ultra-mysterious, its spirit is elegant, and sometimes Pass it. That is to say: the style of this poem is no different from the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty, but in terms of charm and atmosphere, it is more superb and graceful (grand and elegant) than the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty.

Comrade Fu Xuancong pointed out: Wangwan sang such a magnificent and promising poem, which swept away the beautiful and unhealthy poetic style of the Wu and Wei periods. This cannot but refresh people's ears and herald the The broad road for the healthy development of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. ("Tang Dynasty Poet Series") I agree with his view.

"Early Spring Presents Zhang Ji, a member of the Ministry of Water Resources"

This little poem is written to Zhang Ji, a member of the Ministry of Water Resources. Zhang Ji is the eighteenth among his brothers, so he is called Zhang Shiba. The style of the poem is fresh and natural, almost colloquial. It seems ordinary, but in fact it is anything but ordinary. Han Yu himself said: Difficulty and poverty often lead to mediocrity ("Send Wubenshi Back to Fanyang"). It turns out that his mediocrity was hard-won.

"Yanmen Prefect's Journey"

Li He lived in the mid-Tang Dynasty, when rebellions in feudal towns occurred one after another, and many wars occurred. According to historical records, in the fourth year of Yuanhe (8xx), Wang Chengzong's rebels attacked Yizhou and Dingzhou, and patriotic general Li Guangyan led his troops to rescue them. In the ninth year of Yuanhe, he took the lead, broke out and attacked the siege of Wu Yuanji's rebels, and killed the enemy to the point where they fell on their backs and fled in confusion. This poem by Li He writes about the war situation between the imperial court and the feudal towns in Hebei.

"Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts"

Yuan opera is an art form that emerged after Tang poetry and Song poetry. It includes two parts: Zaju and Sanqu.

Zaju is drama. A drama usually consists of four folds and a wedge. A break is equivalent to a scene in a modern drama; a wedge is equivalent to a prologue or transition scene, placed at the beginning or in the middle of the whole play. The roles include Zhengmo, Zhengdan, Chongmo, Tiedan, Jing, etc. In addition to singing, there is also kebai, which means action or stage effect; bai means speaking or speaking. Singing first and then singing is the fixed pattern of Yuan Dynasty drama.

Sanqu consists of two parts: Xiaoling and Santao. Xiaoling is a single piece of music, which is roughly similar to modern lyrics. It is created according to the tune, and each tune has its own name.

Each tune has a different number of words and sentence patterns, and is often used to describe scenes and express emotions. The text is of this form. Santao, also known as Taoqutaosu, is usually composed of several tunes of the same palace tune. Regardless of length, the rhyme ends in one rhyme and usually has an ending. It is suitable for narrating more complex content, such as Sui Jingchen's "The Return of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty" .

The styles of music and lyrics are similar, and the lyrics are both written according to the key, but the fixed pattern of the lyrics generally remains unchanged (one type of lyrics can have two or more styles). Qu, on the other hand, can generally add lining words in addition to the fixed number of words. It is relatively free, uses more spoken language, and has a bright and spicy style.

Part Two: Overall Perception

1. Concept of the article

"Drinking"

Write that your heart is far away from the world, so Being in a mundane world, you can feel the extraordinary pleasure.

"At the foot of Cibeigu Mountain"

The poet expressed his emotions on the spot, carefully describing the open and beautiful early spring scenery of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and expressing his homesickness during the journey.

"Early Spring by Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water"

This poem praises early spring, captures the soul of early spring, and gives readers endless aesthetic interest, even beyond the reach of painting. of. The poet did not have a colored pen, but he used poetic language to depict colors that are extremely difficult to describe - a light and plain color that seems to be there but not there. Without sharp and detailed observation and superb poetry, it would be impossible to refine the natural beauty of early spring into artistic beauty.

"Yanmen Taishou's Journey"

This poem describes an impassioned and generous hero who fights against all odds and is willing to die on the battlefield. With warm praise and deep remembrance, a very specific and touching character image is created.

"Tian Jing Sha·Autumn Thoughts"

This poem depicts a wonderful late autumn evening scene, truly showing the loneliness and sorrow of a fallen person at the end of the world. Although the mood is It is low-pitched, but it reflects the dull atmosphere of the times and has certain social significance.

2. Context of the article

"Drinking"

The first and second sentences directly express the author's love for the beautiful and peaceful countryside and his love for cars in plain language. Horse is tired of the noisy officialdom.

The third and fourth sentences use self-questions and answers to express the author's pursuit of the transcendent realm.

Five to eight sentences describe the beautiful scenery of the countryside, using chrysanthemums, Nanshan, evening scenes in the mountains, and birds returning to the forest to form a beautiful picture of nature, showing the author's leisurely and contented mood intoxicated by it.

The last two sentences are the summary of the whole poem; here you can understand the true meaning of life, but when you want to say it out, you can't find the right language.

"Under Cibeigu Mountain"

First couplet: Describe the scenery on both sides of the river seen during the journey.

Jaw Couplet: Describes the scenery of rising spring tides, vast rivers and calm waves.

Neck couplet: It describes the scenery of boating on the river at dawn.

The last couplet: expresses homesickness and melancholy. It begins with a distant response, takes care of the journey, asks and answers to oneself, and ends with nostalgia.

"Early Spring presents Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water"

In this short poem sent to his friend Zhang Ji, the poet vividly describes and heartily praises the beautiful scenery of early spring. . The first couplet of the poem directly describes the scenery of early spring. The first sentence describes a close shot, describing the spring rain on Chang'an Avenue. The three characters "Run as crisp" very vividly describe the characteristics of the early spring drizzle, which are dense and smooth, as precious as oil. The second sentence writes about the distant view and the spring grass. Moistened by the spring rain, the grass in the countryside is full of vitality. From a distance, it shows a hazy green color. But when you get closer and take a closer look, all you see are sparse buds, the attractive The green color is no longer visible. This sentence vividly expresses the poet's true feelings after careful observation. On the basis of describing the scenery in the first two sentences, the poet further expresses his praise for the scenery of early spring in the form of discussion in the second couplet. This season when the light rain is like crisp and the spring grass is first green is the best season of the year. Its beauty far exceeds the late spring scene of catkins like smoke in Chang'an City.

"Yanmen Prefect's Journey"

The first four sentences describe the scene before sunset.

The first sentence is both a description of a scene and an event, successfully exaggerating the tense atmosphere and critical situation when the enemy is approaching the city. Write down the garrison inside the city for the first time to compare it with the enemy troops outside the city. At this moment, they are armed and ready. Here, the camp and morale of the defenders are displayed using sunlight, and the scenes complement each other, which is extremely wonderful.

The three and four sentences describe the cold and miserable battlefield atmosphere from both auditory and visual aspects respectively. It implies that both the offensive and defensive sides suffered a large number of casualties, and the defenders were still at a disadvantage, which paved the way for the rescue of the officers and soldiers below.

The last four sentences describe the activities of the reinforcements. At the same time, it also reflects the determination of the author, a newly graduated young man, to serve the country.

The fifth and sixth sentences describe the scenes of reinforcements, marching in the dark, landing on Yishui, and fighting the enemy. The last two sentences describe the defenders facing difficulties, but the soldiers were not discouraged. The poet introduced this story and wrote about the soldiers' determination to serve the court.

"Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts"

The whole song has five sentences, which can be divided into two levels.

In the first layer (the first three sentences), nine details are used to form a picture, trying to exaggerate the sad atmosphere and express the melancholy of a person who has been wandering in a foreign land for a long time.

Withered vines, a late autumn scene. Dusk crow, a crow returning to its nest at dusk. Seeing this scene, how can one not feel homesick as a wanderer? Others have homes but I don't have one, which adds to my homesickness. The ancient roads are desolate. The west wind rises and the year comes to an end. How can a man be embarrassed when a horse becomes tired from traveling a long distance?

In the second level (the last two sentences), the author expresses his feelings directly and expresses the sadness of a wanderer in the world. The word "broken heart" is the main theme of the whole article.

Click on a specific time. The setting sun reflects the word "hunk" above the text. A heartbroken person shows his ambition in the end of the world. The scene descriptions above are all foreshadowing this sentence.

3. Writing method

"Drinking"

⑴The whole poem integrates scenery, emotion and reason into one, and the artistic conception is profound and implicit.

Just like picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan sentence, this leisurelyness not only belongs to people, but also to the mountain. People are leisurely and at ease, and the mountains are quiet and high. At that moment, it seemed that different melodies were playing together from the human heart and the mountain, blending into a light piece of music, which also reflected the purpose of the whole poem, returning to nature.

⑵The language is simple and natural.

For example, the first four sentences are as simple as spoken language, but in fact the structure is very strict. The first sentence speaks plainly, the second sentence makes a twist, the third sentence continues and asks questions, and the fourth sentence concludes with an answer. Gao Ming has no trace of rigid artificiality in this structure, and the reader's thoughts are unknowingly guided to the fourth sentence by the author.

"Under the Cibeigu Mountain"

This is a landscape poem. The scenery of the Yangtze River arouses the nostalgia of the journey. It is said that the scenery creates feelings.

The green mountains refer to Beigu Mountain, and the green water refers to the Yangtze River. The ordinary usage of "green mountains and green waters" is close to vulgarity, but the addition of the two words "waiqian" here confirms the location of Beigu Mountain and cannot be used elsewhere. It can be seen that the journey is between water and land, so it is closely related to the description of water and land in the second line of "One Sail on the Strait". The chin couplet is completely a description of the scene, and the flat, wide, and upright hangings are full of poetic eyes. Because the two sides of the tide widen when the tide is flat, the wind is blowing and the sail is hanging. At that time, Zhang Yangong praised the neck couplet very much and thought it could serve as a model for writing. Because this couplet expresses emotion at the same time, we can see that the sun is rising and the night is dying, and the river spring is entering the old year again. Day after day, year after year, we have been a guest for a long time, which makes us think about it, and we hope that the hometown letter will be enough to pass it on. .

"Early Spring Presents Zhang's Eighteen Members of the Water Department"

The combination of virtuality and reality is superb

Han Yu's "Early Spring Presents Zhang's Eighteen Members of the Water Department" can be regarded as The above is an example of the method of combining virtuality and reality. The two sentences of "Tianjie" describe the early spring scenery of Chang'an, with the power of writing to describe the scene that is difficult to describe as it is now. From the thin grass covering the ground, one can see from a distance that the grass is close but not real, which makes the characteristics of early spring greenness indifferent but everything new appear vividly on the paper. Its chant about early spring can capture the soul of early spring and give readers endless aesthetic interest.

When he wrote about the earth moistened by drizzle, he only used the word "su", but he expressed the characteristics of the sky street after the spring rain extremely concisely, giving people a sense of peace and warmth. He wrote about the rich green of late spring, and used smoked willows all over the imperial capital. Although it is smoked willows in the eyes of readers, the scenery before them is all-encompassing. The freshness and plainness of early spring have long since disappeared, and are replaced by the strong green of late spring. The green is so breathtaking. It was breathless, too thick, too harsh, and too harsh. In addition, there was a feeling of being at the end of the road and having no way out. This is precisely because the author grasped the fullness of smoke and willows and used reality to contrast imaginary. In Han Yu's poem, the use of the technique of complementing reality with reality has reached a superb level.

"Yanmen Taishou's Journey"

⑴Creating words and imagination.

The poem "Dark clouds are overwhelming the city and the city is about to be destroyed" is novel in conception and full of images. It is a poem that people have been fond of reciting for thousands of years.

⑵The use of colorful words.

Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to use words that express bright colors when writing about tragic and tragic battle scenes. However, almost every sentence in Li He's poem has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple. Not only are they bright, but they are also rich. They are intertwined with black, autumn colors, jade white, etc. to form a colorful picture. Or let them appear side by side to form a strong contrast. For example, the dark clouds pressing down on the city are used as a metaphor for the enemy's arrogance, and the armor of the sun is used to show the majestic appearance of the soldiers defending the city. The contrast between the two contrasts, with bright colors and clear love and hate.

"Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts"

⑴ Simplicity and depth are interdependent.

The ancient Song Yu once said that if one point is added, it is too long, and if one point is taken off, it is too short to describe the perfect figure of a beautiful woman. The conciseness of the text in "Tian Jing Sha·Qiu Si" can also be said to have reached the point where no more words can be added or subtracted. There are only five sentences and 28 words in the whole article. There is no exaggeration or allusion. It is purely drawn in white to outline such a vivid picture: In the dusk of late autumn, a traveler who has traveled a lot, riding a thin horse, is facing a wave of waves. The cold west wind was blowing on me as I walked alone on the ancient road. He walked past an old tree covered with withered vines, and saw dusk crows about to return to their nests circling on the treetops; he walked across a small bridge across the stream, and came to the doors of several houses by the stream. The sun was about to set, but he had not yet found a place to stay. Another long night would greet him, and he couldn't help but feel sad and heartbroken. As for why the wanderer wandered here? Where on earth is he going? These implicit meanings are left to the reader's imagination. This little order is indeed worthy of being a masterpiece that is concise and meaningful, and uses less to overcome more. In the first three sentences of Xiaoling, there are 18 characters, and he wrote about nine kinds of things, one word for each, one scene for each word, it can be said that he cherishes ink like gold. However, it is concise but not crude. The names of the nine kinds of things are preceded by modifiers that express their respective characteristics, such as dry, old, faint, small, flowing, human, ancient, western, thin, etc., giving each thing a distinctive Personality makes these originally unrelated things form a unity under the desolate late autumn twilight. The author did not write about the location of these things, nor the relationship between these things and the activities of the wanderers, but readers can imagine and closely connect them. Simplicity reveals depth.

⑵ Quiet scenes and moving scenes complement each other.

The artistic effect of "Tian Jing Sha·Autumn Thoughts" is also due to the successful use of contrasting techniques. The author combines many relatively independent things into one picture at the same time, thus forming a contrast between movement and stillness, light and darkness, background and subject; the flowing water in motion contrasts with the static houses on the small bridge, which makes it even more vivid. The environment is quiet; the west wind echoes the ancient road, making the road even more desolate; in the autumn landscape sketched by the author, on one side are withered vines, old trees, and dusky crows in the autumn wind, and on the other side, the afterglow of the setting sun gives the withered vines, The old trees and dusky crows are painted with a touch of golden color; the small bridges, flowing water, and people's houses present an elegant and comfortable scene, which contrasts with the wanderers who have fallen into a foreign land, making the heartbroken people even more sad. Looking at the entire composition, the first four sentences describe the scenery, and the last sentence describes the people. But people are the main body, and scenery is the background of people's activities. If the foreground is fully written, the main body will be highlighted. This is the wonderful effect of contrast.

⑶The scenery and emotions blend together.

Poetry expresses ambition.

This little order is intended to express the misery of people who have fallen to the end of the world. But human thoughts and feelings are abstract things and difficult to express. The author uses the traditional writing method of placing feelings on things to vividly depict this miserable and sorrowful feeling. Withered vines, old trees, dusky crows, west winds, thin horses, and sunsets. These tangible and sensible things have obvious late autumn colors and are similar to the intangible and abstract sadness. They use the tangible to express the intangible. It makes people feel concrete and vivid. Natural scenery originally has no thoughts and feelings, but when poets incorporate these objective things into aesthetic understanding and feelings, these things are given emotional colors and integrated with people's thoughts and feelings. Small bridges and flowing water and people's houses are just very common ordinary scenery, but when they are in the same scene as the heart-broken people at the end of the world, they are no longer isolated scenery, but become the trigger of heart-broken people. It gives the picture a sad atmosphere. This is the saying that emotions appear because of scenery, and scenery arises because of emotions.

4. Appreciation of Famous Sentences

"Drinking"

Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan Mountain.

Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely looking at the Nanshan Mountain. In Volume 2 of Su Shi's "Dongpo Inscriptions and Postscripts", one can see the mountains while picking chrysanthemums, and the scenery and thoughts are connected. This sentence is the most wonderful. The recent customs are all about looking at Nanshan, so this article is dull. It means that these two sentences mean that you accidentally saw Nanshan. The scenic spot of Nanshan coincides with the leisurely and contented mood and the meaning you feel in your seclusion life; if you intend to But if you look at Nanshan and search for the true meaning artificially, you will lose the interest of nature. Nanshan, Ding Fubao's Notes on Tao Yuanming's Poems believes that it refers to Mount Lu.

"At the foot of Cibeigu Mountain"

Hai Ri is born and the rest of the night is over, and Jiang Chun is entering the old year.

Before the remaining night recedes, a red sun has risen from the sea; before the old year has passed, spring is already showing on the river. Day and night, spring and old year all represent the change of time sequence, and it is so hasty that it cannot be waited for. How can this not make the poet who is a guest suddenly feel homesick? His skill in refining words and sentences is extremely impressive. Sheng and ru are anthropomorphic techniques. The author has no intention of reasoning, but there is a natural sense of reason in the description of the scenery and seasons. Hai Ri was born in the remaining night and drove away the darkness. The spring scenery presented by the river broke into the old year and drove away the harsh winter. It not only described the scene realistically and the narrative is accurate, but also showed the life truth of universal significance, giving people optimism, positivity and upward power. . It can be said that the scenery contains reason and the scenery emits reason.

"Early Spring Presents Outside Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water"

The light rain on the sky street is as moist as crisp, and the color of grass looks far away but not up close.

The best sentence in the whole article is that the color of grass looks far away but disappears up close. Just imagine: In early spring in February, in the north, when there are still icicles hanging on the treetops and under the eaves, where is spring? Not even a shadow was seen. But if it rains a little, the next day, lo and behold, spring is here. The rain's feet gently walked across the earth, leaving traces of spring, that is, the first spring grass buds sprouted. Looking from a distance, it seemed hazy, as if there was a very light green color. It is the color of early spring grass. Looking at it, people's hearts are suddenly filled with joyful business. But when you take a closer look with infinite joy, you will see sparse and extremely slender buds on the ground, but you can't see the color clearly. The poet is like a skilled ink painter, swaying his water-soaked brush, faintly revealing a trace of green, which is the color of grass in early spring. From a distance, there is nothing like it, but when you get closer, you can't see it. This sentence shows the color of grass from a distance, but there is nothing up close. It can be said that it captures both the near and far, and expresses the spirit of the empty space. The background of this coloring is the thin drizzle falling on Tianjie (a street in the imperial city). Looking at the grass color through the raindrops adds a hazy beauty to the grass color in early spring. And the light rain is as moist as cake. Crisp is butter. After receiving such nourishment, can the color of the grass not be new? With such a background to set it off, how could the color of grass not be beautiful?

"Yanmen Prefect's Journey"

Black clouds are pressing down on the city, threatening to destroy it, and the armor's light shines towards the golden scales of the sun.

The first sentence is both a description of a scene and an event, successfully exaggerating the tense atmosphere and critical situation when the enemy is approaching the city.

Dark clouds were pressing down on the city, threatening to destroy it. The word "press" vividly revealed the enemy's large numbers and ferocious force, as well as the disparity in strength between the two warring parties and the difficult situation of the defenders. The second sentence describes the defenders inside the city to compare with the enemy troops outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changes, and a ray of sunlight shines through the gaps in the clouds, reflecting on the armor of the defenders. The golden light is shining and dazzling. eyes. At this moment, they are wearing strong armor and ready to fight. Here, sunlight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders. The scenes are intertwined and wonderful. The reality of art and the reality of life cannot be equated. When the enemy is besieging a city, there may not be black clouds; when the defenders are arrayed, there may not be sunlight to shine and cheer. The dark clouds and sunlight in the poem are used by the poet to create the environment. creative means.

"The Sky is Pure and the Sand·Autumn Thoughts"

There are dead crows in the old trees, small bridges and flowing water, and thin horses in the west wind on the ancient roads. The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

"Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts" writes about the feelings of travelers in Qiuyuan. At the beginning, the withered vines, old trees and dim crows, the small bridges and flowing water, and the people's houses, are a pure description of the scenery. The author simply mentioned six kinds of scenery, and then the background of a picture of a trip in the autumn fields at dusk came to life before the readers' eyes: it was already dusk. The dead vines cling to the old trees under the sunset, and there are a few jackdaws on the treetops. There is a clear stream on the ground, with a small bridge across the stream, and not far away is a quiet thatched house with several rafters. The third sentence of the ancient road in the west wind and the thin horse, although it still only mentions the names of the scenery, but these three words are rich in appeal: the ancient road is desolate and lonely, the west wind is desolate and sad, and the thin horse is tired and weak. This is no longer simple. The scenery is vividly described. The word thin horse here should also include the person riding the horse. This is the main part of the picture. The sunset writes the time, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world. Only then does he clearly write about the traveler and his mood. Autumn is easy to make people feel desolate, especially in the twilight, facing the desolate scenery of the wilderness, riding a tired horse, walking alone to the end of the world, he will think of the people in his hometown and look forward to the long distance. The road ahead has touched my feelings and caused you to feel sad. The author only said six words: The heartbroken man is at the end of the world, but it contains so many meanings.

Part Three: Literary Reading

Read "Send Du Shaofu's Appointment to Shuzhou" and answer the questions:

The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke Look at Wujin.

I want to say goodbye to you, both are eunuchs.

We know each other in the sea, and we are close to each other in the world.

If you do nothing, you will go astray, and your children will be in trouble.

1. The rhyming word of this poem is , and the rhyme is .

2. This is a farewell poem. The sentence describing the place of farewell is ; the poem describing the virtual scenery is .

3. What does it mean to know one's friends across the sea, and to be neighbors even as far as the end of the world?

4. Tianya Ruobi Neighbor Zhongbi Neighbor means .

5. The incorrect appreciation of the first couplet of this poem is ( )

A. Chengque refers to Chang'an, the place of farewell. Wujin uses metonymy to refer generally to Sichuan and Du Shaofu. Place of appointment.

B. When looking at Wujin in Chang'an, the hope is not a reality. It is the poet's imagination, which makes people feel the majesty of the scene.

C. Since we can see it in sight, this journey is not a distant farewell, so there is no need to say farewell. These two lines set the lyrical tone for the whole poem.

D. These two sentences carry the title, describing the scene when parting, using the scenery to express feelings, with the meaning of reluctant to leave.

(Reference answers: 1. Tianjin, people, neighbors, scarves; in 2. The city assists the Three Qin Dynasties; the wind and smoke look forward to Wujin 3. As long as there are close friends within the four seas who always care about themselves, even if they are far away Across the world, I feel like my neighbor 4. Neighbor 5, D)