In which dynasty did the earliest Seven Wonders appear? The first seven wonders are hidden in this ancient book.

When was the earliest seven-character quatrain? What's the history?

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Seven-character quatrains are poems composed of four seven-character quatrains, referred to as seven-character quatrains for short. The Seven Musts are the same as the Five Musts, including modern poems and ancient poems.

We all know that the Seven Wonders reached their peak in the Tang Dynasty, but if the earliest Seven Wonders appeared, I'm afraid it's hard to answer.

We can look at the characteristics of the seven-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty step by step.

First, the ancient and modern forms of the seven wonders of the Tang Dynasty

To understand the emergence and development of the Four Musts, we must first understand the basic knowledge of old-style poetry.

There are modern poems and classical poems in the old-style poems. Those that conform to the meter are modern poems and those that do not conform to the meter are classical poems, so quatrains are also divided into classical quatrains and metrical quatrains.

After the Northern and Southern Dynasties began to study the four tones and eight diseases, the phenomenon of metrical poetry became more and more common. In the early Tang Dynasty, the rules of metrical quatrains were gradually determined, so a large number of archaic quatrains and metrical quatrains coexisted in quatrains.

There are many ancient quatrains, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Meng Haoran's Chunxiao and Jia Dao's Li Sao. In Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty, five-character quatrains and five-character quatrains are almost equal, which basically embodies the vitality of five-character quatrains.

But the seven wonders are obvious, among which there are many near-body seven wonders and few ancient ones. Interested friends can look at the chapters of the seven quatrains in Three Hundred Tang Poems. Almost all of the seven quatrains we are familiar with are quatrains. For example, most quatrains, such as Wang Changling's "Lotus Inn Farewell with Xin Jian" and Wang Wei's "Shanju Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers", are nearly quatrains.

Break up with Xinjian at Furong Inn.

Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan! Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!

Vacation in the mountains reminds me of my brothers in Shandong.

I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.

Except for Wei's Xixi Chuzhou, the word "human" in Li Bai's Yangzhou Farewell to Meng Haoran is extra-legal, but other than that, it seems to be a regular sentence.

Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers. My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon. Note: the word "person" is derived.

Although legal quatrains and quatrains with obvious legalist characteristics (some people call them body quatrains) accounted for the majority of the seven quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. However, some of the four wonders are completely ancient. For example, Li Bai's "Mount Lushan Five Old Peaks" deliberately used the sentence pattern of ancient poetry:

Wulaofeng is located in the southeast of Lushan Mountain, towering like the blue sky, like a blooming golden lotus. I can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Jiujiang when I reach the summit, and I will build my nest here in Yun Song.

Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping. Flat and light, flat and light.

Meng Jiao's "Looking at the Night at Luoqiao" (Yi Yun)

When Tianjin Bridge was frozen, Luoyang became a stranger. Yuliu Qingxi is idle, and the snow in Songshan Mountain can be seen directly in the moonlight.

Flat light, flat light, flat light, flat light, flat light, flat light.

There is a saying that the seven-character quatrains were not the mainstream before the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were few seven-character quatrains and even fewer seven-character quatrains, so their influence was not as good as that of five-character quatrains.

Four-line quatrains began to develop in the Tang Dynasty, when the meter became more and more strict. Therefore, the poet's seven verses are used for direct meter.

It can be seen that the seven wonders did not appear in the Tang Dynasty, so what were the previous seven wonders like?

Second, the four wonders of the Sui Dynasty

"History of the North" Volume 76 Biography 64 records a story:

Twelve children, Dr. Kai Yi Tong, Dr. Zi Guanglu and Dr. Zuo Guanglu. You are brave and good at fighting, you are good at caressing the royal family, and you fight with thieves, and you are happy in all directions. Thief sings: Changbai Mountain, the hundredth battlefield, fifteen spears. I'm not afraid of hordes, but I'm afraid of Ronggong Liulang.

Rong Guogong, a famous soldier in Sui Dynasty, came to nurse his children with 12 sons, six of whom came to teach Dr. Zuo Guanglu, who was particularly brave and good at fighting and put down the rebellion in the south. Therefore, no matter how many loyal ministers there are, they are all afraid of letting the old six of the Lord protector.

Even in the Tang Dynasty, seven-character quatrains were often sung as songs, which shows that this custom appeared at least in the Sui Dynasty.

Except for the second sentence, this seven-character quatrain is a regular sentence and a legalized ancient seven-character quatrain.

The hundredth battlefield of Changbai Mountain, fifteen spears. I'm not afraid of hordes, but I'm afraid of Ronggong Liulang.

Plain, plain, plain. Flat and light, flat and light.

Why did the Sui Dynasty also have the Seven Wonders of Legalization? Go back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties and see what happened at that time.

? Third, the characteristics of seven-character quatrains after Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Northern and Southern Dynasties

During the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, an important event happened in the history of poetry, that is, Yongming poets, mainly Shen Yue, began to combine four sounds and eight diseases with poetry creation. Since then, poetry has begun to have a meter.

From then on, the poet began to pay attention to the rhyme of every other sentence and the difference of four tones, and even a completely rhythmic poem appeared. It was only in the Southern and Northern Dynasties that the problem of debonding often appeared in metrical poems, which was quite common in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai's "Going to the Phoenix Tower in Nanjing" and Wei's "Xixi Chuzhou".

Before that, there was always rhyme between sentences. After Qi Liang, we can see that singular sentences (the first sentence can be taken or not) are mostly white feet.

Reflected in the four-line poem, that is, the beginning of the third sentence does not rhyme (white feet), for example, Yu Xin's four-line poem "The Second Generation of Sorrow":

The miscellaneous trees are only Jingu Garden, and the flowers are full of Luoyang City. It's a place for ancient song and dance performances, and there's nowhere to go today.

There is a yellow crane in Qingtian and two mandarin ducks under the acacia tree. Nothing to do is better than no pairing.

These two quatrains are all four rhymes, 1, three white feet, two or four rhymes. This rhyme is the same as the later quatrains.

Another example is Liang Jian Deng Wendi's Looking Up at the Night Sky and Flying Alone. The first sentence rhymes with 2 or 4 sentences, and the third sentence doesn't rhyme:

At night in Hebei, the stars in first frost are sparse, and a wild goose hisses where to go. It is better to never fly alone than to know that you have to give up halfway.

When we look back from the Tang Dynasty, we will find that it is normal to rhyme like this, because all the quatrains later rhymed like this. But previous poets didn't particularly care about the rhyme of every other sentence.

Friends who are familiar with metrical poems can see that these three poems do not meet the requirements of plain paste, and of course they are all ancient poems. Both Liang Jian Wendi and Yu Xin lived after the birth of Yongming style poets, which shows that their poems are legalized.

4. Where did quatrains and quatrains first come from?

So when did the earliest seven-character quatrains appear? Let's talk about the appearance of "Jue" sentence first.

In fact, the word quatrains first appeared in the Qi and Liang Dynasties. We all know that there are four archaic quatrains in Xu Ling, a poet in the Southern Dynasties.

Where is the anvil now? There are mountains on the mountain. Why be bold, second time around? Fly to the sky. One of the ancient quatrains

In addition, earlier, Wu Maiyuan, a poet of Liu and Song Dynasties, handed down a five-line poem:

Sad songs enter the rambling road. Fight for wine and see the green hills. Who is not a pile of dirt? Staggered back and forth.

Wu Maiyuan's arrogance is recorded in the seventy-two volumes of Southern History and the sixty-two biographies:

And Wu Maiyuan, it's a good chapter. Emperor Song and Ming heard it and called it. And look: "This person has no return." Mai Yuan likes to blow his own horn and despise others. Every time he writes a poem, he speaks Italian. He cries and says, "How do you count the purple swords in Cao Can? 」

This Wu Maiyuan was considered by Emperor Song Mingdi to be basically a waste except for writing poems (the judgment was basically correct, and this person wrote an essay on the rebel side and took charge of the Guiyang rebellion).

Here, the words "Lian" and "Jue" are used to express poetry, which may be the first article called "Jue" in history.

Five, the earliest seven wonders

Before the Qi and Liang Dynasties, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a song "Songs Composed by Old People in Yuzhou" contained in the Book of Jin Biography, Volume 32:

(Zu Ti) At the wine tasting, an old man said with tears, "We are old! Many parents, what will you hate when you die! " Brother Nai said, "Fortunately, Li survived. Since I met my loving father on the third day of my life, I have forgotten to work hard on wine. Why should I sing and dance? " It's so popular.

Zu Ti, the secretariat of Yuzhou and general of Wei Fen, is deeply loved by local people. At a banquet, the old people sang a song in praise of Zu Ti:

Fortunately, Li survived. Chen San met his loving father. Don't forget the wine. How to sing and dance?

Further on, there was a copy of Wang Jia in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which recorded a seven-character and four-sentence ballad "Song of Passers-by" in the Cao Wei period:

Wendy (Cao Pi) loves beauty with Xue Ming Lingyun, and Changshan people also ... The emperor greeted him with ten chariots, all of which were engraved with Phnom Penh ... Lingyun did not reach the capital for dozens of miles, and the light of the candle continued, and the chariots swallowed the road, and the dust covered the stars and the moon. At that time, people called it "dusty night". He also built a platform with mud, the base of which was 30 feet high, and put candles under the stage, which was called "candlestick" ... So, the walker sang: "The green locust tree is dusty, and Long Ta Fengge sees Cui Wei. The breeze and drizzle are fragrant, and the golden fire shines on the soil. " These seven words are evil words.

The marriage between Wei Wendi and Lingyun is considered ominous. At that time, someone sang a four-line poem:

Robinia pseudoacacia lane is dusty, and Cui Weiwang Long Ta Fengge. The breeze and drizzle are fragrant, and the golden fire shines on the earth.

As can be seen from these two songs, one rhymes, the other rhymes, and * * * rhymes, which is different from the third rhyming quatrains.

Going back, in the book Yi Zhou Shu Zhou Zhu Jie at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the following passage hides a seven-character quatrain:

Therefore, it is not enough to strip away the beauty of words and claim to be wise. The beauty of the horn kills its cattle, and the words of honor follow the hair. People who help others will never be lazy. It's interesting to see saints. A stone with jade hurts its mountain, and the suffering of all the people is in words. When traveling, it is also a blessing to those who are diligent in migration and calling for Tao. Follow the times, be diligent in action, and those who don't know will die happily. Therefore, the cost will be ripe, the spring will be exhausted, and the straight wood will be cut.

Mr. Shen Zufen (1909- 1977) thinks that there are 28 words that can be said to be the ancestor of the seven-character quatrain:

People who help others will never be lazy. It's interesting to see saints. A stone with jade hurts its mountain, and the suffering of all the people is in words.

Mr. Shen Zufen is a famous poet and scholar in modern times and has the reputation of "contemporary Li Qingzhao". Together with her husband, Mr. Cheng, they are called "Shen Cheng". They collaborated on Selected Ancient Poems, Selected Ancient Poems, Selected Ancient Poems and Analysis of Seven Tang Poems.

Concluding remarks

Before the Tang Dynasty, seven-character poems were not valued by scholars. The real development of seven-character quatrains was in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, with the creation of quatrains by Li Bai, Wang Changling and others, this poetic style became more and more popular among poets, and more and more works were produced. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the number of quatrains increased several times compared with that in the early Tang Dynasty.

The development of the Seven Wonders in the Tang Dynasty was largely due to the fact that the Seven Wonders were regarded as Yuefu music by the Tang people, which was similar to the popular song form at that time. Wang Shizhen pointed out in "Preface to the Poems of the Tang Dynasty":

The exams of Kaiyuan and Tianbao came, which were told by Gong Ye, sung by Liyuan disciples, sung by Qiting, promoted by frontier generals, and quoted famous people at that time as quatrains. Therefore, Wang Zhihuan's The Yellow River is Far Above and Wang Changling's The Sun Shines on the Sun are still called Yan.

Laojie taste

How to write farewell poems? From Lu Xun's poems, we can see the stylized routine of farewell poems.

Why is Wei criticized for learning from Tang Dynasty 43? Some poets don't know.