Healthy outlook on mental health of college students

Theoretical research and practice have proven that human beings are a unity of physiological, psychological and social levels. Human beings are not only biological entities, but also complete human beings with complex psychological activities and living in a certain social environment.

The World Health Organization (WHO) proposes that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social adaptation, not just the absence of disease and infirmity. And further pointed out the new concept of health: first, having abundant energy and being able to take on daily work and life calmly without feeling tired or nervous; second, being positive and optimistic, having the courage to take responsibility, and being open-minded; third, being full of energy and emotionally stable , good at rest and sleep well; fourth, strong self-control ability, good at eliminating interference; fifth, strong adaptability, able to adapt to various changes in the external environment; sixth, appropriate weight, well-proportioned figure; seventh, clean teeth, no cavities, no Pain, no bleeding; eight, the hair is shiny, no dandruff; nine, the reaction is sharp, the eyes are bright, and the eyelids are not inflamed; ten, the muscles and skin are elastic, and the steps are easy and free. Therefore, health is the unity of physical health and mental health, and the two are interrelated and inseparable. When a person's physiology develops a disease, his or her psychology will inevitably be affected, resulting in depression, irritability, and irritability, leading to psychological discomfort; similarly, people who have long-term depression, heavy mental burden, and anxiety are also prone to physical discomfort. . Therefore, a sound mind and a healthy body are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.

Standards of mental health by foreign scholars:

1. American scholar Cambus believes that a person with a healthy mind and a sound personality should have four characteristics: (1) Positive Self-view; (2) Appropriate identification with others; (3) Facing and accepting reality; (4) Rich subjective experience for reference.

2. Maslow and psychologist Mittleman proposed ten standards for mental health: (1) Whether there is a sufficient sense of security; (2) Whether there is a full understanding of oneself, and Able to properly evaluate one's own abilities; (3) Whether one's life and ideals are realistic; (4) Whether one can maintain good contact with the surrounding environment; (5) Whether one can maintain the integrity and harmony of one's own personality; (6) Whether Have the ability to learn from experience; (7) be able to maintain appropriate and good interpersonal relationships; (8) be able to express and control one's emotions appropriately; (9) be able to do so to a limited extent with the permission of the collective Give full play to your own personality; (10) Whether you can appropriately meet your basic needs within the scope of social norms.

3. American personality psychologist Allport believes that mental health includes seven aspects: (1) Extensive self-awareness; (2) Good interpersonal relationships; (3) Emotional security ; (4) Perceptual objectivity; (5) Possessing various skills and focusing on work; (6) Realistic self-image; (7) Inner unified outlook on life.

4. Havingurst (1952) combined the opinions of many psychologists and believed that an individual has the following 9 valuable psychological qualities as mental health: (1) Happiness, this is the most valuable quality ; (2) Harmony, including inner harmony and harmony with the environment; (3) Self-esteem; (4) Personal growth, that is, the realization of potential; (5) Personal maturity; (6) Integration of personality; (7) ) Maintain good contact with the environment; (8) Maintain effective adaptation in the environment; (9) Maintain relative independence in the environment.

5. Scott proposed as many as 75 mental health standards in 10 categories: (1) General adaptability: flexibility, the ability to grasp the environment, the ability to adapt to and deal with a changing world, The ability to clarify goals and accomplish them, successful behavior, the ability to change behavior smoothly; (2) The ability to self-satisfy: reproductive desire (the ability to achieve orgasm), moderate satisfaction of personal needs, fun in daily life, behavioral Naturalness, the feeling of relaxing for a moment; (3) Playing various interpersonal roles: completing personal social roles, behavior consistent with the role, adaptation to social relationships, behavior approved by society, ability to get along with others, participation in social activities, utilization Practical help, entrusting others, social responsibility, stable career, ability to work and love; (4) Intellectual abilities: accuracy of perception, effectiveness of mental functions, appropriateness of cognition, tact, rationality, contact with reality , problem-solving ability, intelligence, broad knowledge and deep understanding of human experience; (5) Positive attitude towards others: altruism, concern for others, trust, liking of others, enthusiasm for others, ability to be close to others, emotional empathy; (6) Creativity: contribution to society, initiative; (7) Autonomy: emotional independence, identity, self-reliance, a certain detachment; (8) Full maturity: self-realization, personal growth, formation of a philosophy of life, Balanced between opposing forces, mature and non-contradictory motivations, self-exploitation, comprehensive ability to grasp impulses, energies and conflicts, consistency, complete layers of complexity, maturity; (9) beneficial to oneself Attitude: sense of control, satisfaction of task completion, self-acceptance, self-recognition, self-esteem, confidence in facing difficulties and solving problems, positive self-image, sense of freedom and self-determination, getting rid of inferiority complex, happiness; (10) Emotions and motivational control: tolerance of frustration, ability to handle anxiety, morality, courage, self-control, resistance to tension, morality, conscience, self-strength, honesty, straightforwardness.

Many domestic scholars have put forward the standards of mental health:

1. Yan Hezuo (1980) proposed 6 standards of mental health: (1) Be positive and face the Ability to adapt to reality and the environment; (2) Ability to avoid morbid symptoms due to excessive stress or anxiety; (3) Ability to maintain the ability to develop harmony and mutual assistance when getting along with others; (4) Ability to transform their energy into creativity and constructiveness Ability to move; (5) Ability to work; (6) Ability to love normally.

2. Wang Xiaodao (1990) proposed that normal psychology should have the following eight standards: (1) The intelligence level is within the normal range and can reflect things correctly; (2) The psychological behavioral characteristics are basically consistent with the physiological age. consistent; (3) Emotionally stable, positive and adaptable to the situation; (4) Psychological and behavioral coordination; (5) Social adaptation, mainly psychological adaptation and coordination of interpersonal relationships; (6) Behavioral reactions are moderate, not allergic, not slow, Correspond to the stimulating situation; (7) Do not deviate from social norms, realize personal motivations to a certain extent, and satisfy physiological requirements; (8) Self-requirements are basically consistent with self-actuality. He also believes that psychological level can be evaluated from seven aspects: adaptability, tolerance, control, level of consciousness, social interaction ability, recovery, moral happiness and even moral pain.

3. Wang Jisheng and others believe that human mental health standards should include 6 aspects: (1) normal intelligence; (2) emotional health: emotional stability and happy mood are important signs of emotional health; (3) Will health: Consciousness and decisiveness in action are important signs of will health; (4) Unified and coordinated behavior: A mentally healthy person’s behavior is consistent and unified, and his thoughts and actions are unified. , coordinated, his behavior is orderly, and he does things step by step; (5) Adaptation to interpersonal relationships.

4. Fan Fumin proposed 7 standards for college students’ mental health: (1) Ability to maintain a strong interest in learning and desire for knowledge; (2) Ability to maintain correct self-awareness and accept oneself; (3) Ability to coordinate and control emotions and maintain a good state of mind; (4) Ability to maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships and willing to interact; (5) Ability to maintain a complete and unified personality; (6) Ability to maintain good environmental adaptability; (7) Psychological Behavior appropriate to age.

5. Wang Xiyong and others believe that the standards of mental health can be summarized as: (1) normal intelligence, correct way of thinking, and the ability to view society, oneself, and everything in a materialistic and dialectical way; (2) have nobility (3) Treat difficulties and setbacks correctly, do not be demanding about the environment, do not shirk responsibilities, have the confidence, courage, and perseverance to overcome difficulties, have a sense of innovation and pioneering spirit, and do not be arrogant and complacent when things go well; (4) The needs are reasonable, the motivation is feasible, the person has ideals, pursuits, a sense of social responsibility, and a fulfilling spiritual life; (5) Has conscious social morality, has moral qualities that are approved by society, and can handle interpersonal relationships appropriately. Relationship; (6) Always be in a state of inner balance and satisfaction. When psychological imbalance occurs, you can make adjustments in a timely and successful manner.

6. Li Baizhen proposed 7 standards: (1) Mentally healthy people understand themselves, accept themselves, and can experience the value of their own existence; (2) Mentally healthy people face reality and accept others; (3) Psychologically healthy people Healthy people can coordinate and control their emotions and are in a good mood; (4) Mentally healthy people have positive and realistic life goals; (5) Mentally healthy people are responsible for society; (6) Mentally healthy people are kind-hearted and treat others Be caring; (7) Mentally healthy people have a sense of independence and autonomy.

7. Huang Minmin believes that the standards for mental health include: (1) being able to study, live and work normally; (2) being able to live in harmony with others and maintaining good interpersonal relationships; (3) having Sound personality; (4) Have good emotional experience; (5) Have normal behavior; (6) Have normal psychological intention; (7) Have good adaptability and adaptability to emergencies; (8) Have A certain sense of security, confidence and independence.

8. Zheng Richang believes that mental health includes: (1) facing reality; (2) understanding oneself; (3) getting along well with others; (4) being optimistic; (5) self-esteem and self-control; (6) ) is willing to work.

In a broad sense, mental health is a sustained, efficient and satisfactory mental state; in a narrow sense, mental health is the unity of knowledge, emotion, intention and action, the perfection and coordination of personality, and social adaptation. good. So far, there is no unified concept of mental health. Domestic and foreign scholars generally agree that mental health standards are complex, with both cultural differences and individual differences. Generally speaking, judging whether an individual is mentally healthy or not mainly comes from four aspects:

1. Empirical standards. That is, the parties judge their own health according to their own subjective feelings, and the researchers judge the mental health of the parties based on their own experience; the focus is on the subjective psychological feelings of the parties. Due to the different innate genetics and acquired environment of individuals, the experience standard is more Emphasize their individual differences. In the same life event, the two parties have different self-perceptions, different self-experiences, and different self-evaluations.

2. Social adaptation standards. Taking the normal state of most people in society as a reference standard, we observe whether the person concerned has adapted to the normal state and then make a judgment on whether the person is mentally healthy. For example: College students should have the ability to live independently and deal with the affairs they face in life based on their physical, psychological and social development. However, if some college students have low living ability and cannot take care of their own daily life, this requires attention.

3. Statistical standards. A norm is obtained based on the measurement of a large number of normal psychological characteristics, and the psychology of the person concerned is compared with the norm. This standard is more commonly used in psychological research. Generally speaking, we have to compare an individual's psychological test results with the norm to judge his or her mental health.

4. Own behavioral standards. The stable behavior pattern formed by each person in his past life is the normal standard.

In fact, the boundaries of mental health are relative, and it is unrealistic to try to find absolute standards. The same problem exists in the grasp of mental health standards for college students. How to grasp the standards? We believe that three standards should be mastered, namely relativity, overall coordination and development. When we study the overall mental health of college students, we should focus on the developmental view of health, that is, more college students face many life issues in their development, and psychological crises and psychological difficulties also occur in the context of development. Some psychological confusions are unique to a certain group, such as multiple pressures on college students. Their life expectations, career aspirations, and academic expectations caused by academic pressure, employment pressure, emotional pressure, etc. all need to be dealt with. Some psychological problems are staged and will heal on their own as the individual matures.

Human mental health refers to a sustained and positive mental state. In this state, an individual can be regarded as mentally healthy if he can adapt well to the environment, has vitality in his life, and can fully develop his physical and mental potential. According to this, people's mental health levels can be roughly divided into three levels: First, normal psychology, which is characterized by being often in a happy mood, having strong adaptability, being good at getting along with others, and being able to complete tasks that are in line with the development level of peers. activities, with the ability to regulate emotions; the second is mild psychological disorder, showing not having the happiness expected of peers, having difficulty getting along with others, and having poor self-care ability. After active adjustment or professional help, it can be improved Return to normal; the third is severe morbid psychology, which manifests as severe maladjustment and the inability to maintain normal life and work. If not treated in time, it may deteriorate into a mental patient.

(2) Eight issues worthy of attention in the mental health of college students

The survey results show: academic problems, emotional problems, interpersonal problems, anxiety problems, emotional problems, sexual health, Mental health problems of special groups and adaptation problems to college life are common mental health problems among college students.

1. Academic problems

Academic problems such as high learning pressure, lack of motivation, unclear learning goals, unsatisfactory academic performance, and learning difficulties have always plagued college students. Mainly manifested in the following four aspects:

1) Lack of learning motivation. In the life event scale of college students, the first thing listed is high study pressure. The survey results show that 69.6% of freshmen and 54% of old students feel that "learning has become more difficult and very difficult"; when asked during the discussion why students study, students simply said: "Learning for the sake of learning." A sophomore student also wrote: "I can never get into the state of study. I always feel that I am passively studying under the huge pressure of exams. When I calm down and think about why I study, I feel very distressed." Especially first-year students think that "learning" 70.4% said the burden was heavy and difficult to cope with.

2) The purpose of learning is unclear. There are always people in a hurry on the way to self-study, but careful consideration of students' learning purposes cannot lead to satisfactory answers. Many students study in order to cope with the exams they have to take and the things they have to do. Some students even answered bluntly: In order to pass the exam, as for why students have no idea. One student wrote: "In middle school, I performed very well in all aspects. After entering college, I followed the inertia of middle school and studied. Although my grades were satisfactory, I often felt exhausted physically and mentally despite working hard and learned nothing. "More students are too lazy to "keep improving, but just try to get by." Faced with the huge pressure of the talent market, many students also feel a sense of inner crisis, but they can't muster the energy to study hard.

3) Academic performance is not satisfactory. Although students with learning difficulties do not account for a large proportion of college students, their negative emotions are detrimental to students' growth. Some students cannot concentrate in class, and some students are not adapted to college life. They were all top students in middle school, but suddenly became average students when they entered college. They had poor personal restraint and weak self-control. They were more laissez-faire in college, so their studies were poor." "Although I work hard in studies, I go to college just to study. , and my academic performance is always unsatisfactory, so I feel very inferior and depressed.

"In the survey, 42% of students had experienced exam failure. We randomly checked the results of a senior engineering class of 30 students. In seven semesters, 63 subjects failed, an average of 2.1 subjects per student. This cannot but be taken seriously.

4) Learning motivation is utilitarian. The profit lever of the market economy directly affects students' learning. Students show an unprecedented sense of utilitarianism about learning. The first question students ask is. "What is the use of studying this course?" Therefore, there is a clear contrast between professional courses and basic courses, which are deserted, while technical courses such as computers, foreign languages, and stock certificate classes are crowded and packed with people. "Hot" is a direct manifestation of utilitarian learning. Students are fully aware of the market's favor for various certificates, so they give up studying professional courses to pursue various useful certificates.

2. Emotional issues

Stable emotions and positive and good emotional reflections are very important factors for students’ success and are also issues worthy of attention in students’ mental health. As shown in the following table: negative emotions among college students are higher than positive emotions, which is worthy of attention. Attention.