On the geographical generalization of northwest China. What are the influences of its topography, landforms, living conditions and human environment on the development of local folk songs?

1. Northwest China is generally located in the west of Daxinganling, Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain and the north of Qilian Mountain. Including Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Northwest Gansu Province.

2. The annual precipitation in the northwest of China has decreased from about 400 mm in the east to 200 mm or even below 50 mm in the west. Drought is the main natural feature of this area (semi-arid, arid climate).

3. The topography of northwest China is dominated by plateaus and basins. Daxinganling. Inner Mongolia Plateau and its Hulunbeier Plateau, Hetao Plain, Ningxia Plain and Ordos Plateau. Hexi corridor. The mountains and rivers in Xinjiang alternate: Altai Mountain, Junggar Basin, Tianshan Mountain, Tarim Basin, Kunlun Mountain and Altun Mountain. Turpan basin. Tarim river. Takla Makan Desert

4. The ground vegetation in northwest China is grassland, desert grassland and desert from east to west. Hulunbeier grassland rocks Gobi and sand dunes. Inland rivers and lakes. Oasis.

5. Grassland and national animal husbandry base. Nomadic and settled rotational grazing. Artificial grassland. Keep it in a shed. Mechanization of mowing, milking and shearing of Mongolian yurts is gradually realized; Horses and camels are important means of transportation in pastoral areas, and the use of motorcycles and cars is gradually increasing.

6. Irrigate agriculture. "Jiangnan beyond the Great Wall"-Hetao Plain and Ningxia Plain. Gansu Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang Alpine Foothills Block Oasis. Turpan grapes. Hami melon is distributed in villages, towns, cities and farmland in Xinjiang with long-staple cotton.

7. Rich in mineral resources. Coal, oil, rare earth, iron, nickel, gold, salt, precious stones and other reserves are very large.

8. The Silk Road. Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and Eurasian Continental Bridge.

9. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qinling Mountains are listed in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. Xilingol grassland is listed in the network directory of man and biosphere reserves.

Northwest folk songs refer to folk songs popular in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and other provinces. Among them, "Huaer" and "Xintianyou" are the most representative.

Huaer is a popular folk song in Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia. There are two kinds of melodies: one is free rhythm, the melody is high and wide, and it fluctuates greatly; The other is the one with neat rhythm, rigorous structure, smooth melody and delicate emotional expression. The representative of northwest folk songs-"Xintianyou" and "Xintianyou", also known as "Xintianyou", is a special genre of northern Shaanxi folk songs, which can best represent the charm of northern Shaanxi folk songs. Folk songs in northern Shaanxi are deeply influenced by region and culture, especially by the unique geographical position and lifestyle of the Loess Plateau, and the personality characteristics of "Xintianyou" are very obvious. Love songs are the essence of Xintianyou, and folk songs are called sour songs. Among them, the more famous songs, such as "Orchid Flower" and "Walking to the West", embody the artistic characteristics of "Albatross", that is, expressing one's ambition by metaphor, expressing one's feelings by borrowing scenery, having beautiful tunes and catchy words. The musical features of Xintianyou are mainly manifested in the free rhythm, simplicity and generosity, and high and long. The sentence structure is very special. Generally, there are two sentences in each section, and two sentences have a rhyme. The next section may or may not change. A short song may have only one paragraph, or it may have dozens or even hundreds of paragraphs in a row. The unique artistic style of Xintianyou has greatly promoted the development of China folk songs. Its unique and beautiful melody has become a classic of China folk songs through the innovation of later artists, such as Li Ji's Gui Wang and Li Xiangxiang and He Jingzhi's Back to Yan 'an, all of which were created and sung in the form of "believing in heaven" for a period of time.