Fourth grade Chinese textbook

First of all, Jane said the textbook.

By describing a national primary school in the southwest frontier, the text reflects the happy study life of children and embodies the friendship and unity among all ethnic groups in the motherland. This is a beautiful school: very beautiful, the pupils of all ethnic groups wear bright national costumes, making the school colorful; The ancient bronze bell, as well as the phoenix-tailed bamboo, have added the local flavor and national characteristics of the school. This is a United school: students come from different nationalities, wear different clothes and speak different languages, but they all become good friends. In the big family of the motherland, they live together and study in the same classroom under the bright five-star red flag. This is a school full of joy and peace: children study hard in class, have fun after class, and even small animals come to listen to books and watch the fun, which shows how envious they are of their happy life. In the text, some hints are given to the understanding of words and phrases in the form of the tone of the study partner and spitting bubbles. The purpose is to guide students to read and think about the suggested content here. The last sentence of the first paragraph of this article suggests: "I seem to see such a scene", that is, I seem to see students greeting birds, greeting teachers and saluting the national flag.

The level of writing is clear. Write the scenes on the way to school and when you come to school first; Then write in class and after class, and finally point out the topic proudly and admiringly: this is our ethnic primary school; The bronze bell and the shadow of phoenix bamboo make people feel that the bell is lingering and the shadow is lingering. This is indeed an unforgettable school.

The intention of arranging this text is that students should be able to experience the beauty and happiness of school life by learning this text; Feel the unity and friendship among all ethnic groups in our country.

The teaching focus of this lesson is to guide students to understand the friendship, unity and happy study life of children of all ethnic groups in China through the overall grasp of the text and the understanding of key words, and to experience the pride and praise throughout the whole text. The difficulty lies in understanding the expression effect of sentences describing the silence outside the window and the small animals joining in the fun.

Second, learning objectives

1. Can recognize four new words and write 13 new words. Correctly read and write the words "Pingba, Wear, Dress up, Sing, Welcome, Fly, Butterfly, Strange, peacock dance, Game, Attraction, Liveliness, Ancient, Bronze Bell, Sturdy, Fengzhu, White and Shake".

2. Read the text with emotion. Recite your favorite part.

3. Understand the happy study life of ethnic primary school students, experience the pride and praise expressed in the article, and be educated by national unity.

4. Copy the sentences that describe the silence outside the window and understand the meaning of these sentences.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before class, students can be arranged to collect information about ethnic minorities, such as pictures of ethnic minorities and their costumes in China and stories of unity and friendship among ethnic groups.

2. Literacy and writing are still an important teaching task in middle schools, and great attention should be paid to cultivating students' independent literacy ability. This lesson involves many new words and words. Students can be guided to learn by various methods. For example, three of the new words required to be able to write are pictophonetic characters, "butterfly, butterfly and bronze", so we can remember the pronunciation and glyphs of these words according to the characteristics of pictophonetic characters. "Dai" is pronounced as D I, not t·I；; "Chang" is a vibrato, don't pronounce it c ā ng; ; Some words have more strokes, such as "wearing dance", so students should be guided to pay attention to strokes and stroke order to avoid mistakes. In teaching, teachers can also create more simple, practical and effective literacy methods to guide students to learn new words.

This article is a lyric prose, expressing the author's pride and praise, and a love word runs through the whole article. In teaching, the author's feelings of pride and praise can be used as a clue, which runs through the whole teaching.

Reading the text for the first time has two purposes: one is to get a preliminary understanding of the content; Second, let students think while reading, what is the difference between their primary schools and ethnic primary schools, so that students can enter the situation described in the article as soon as possible through such comparison; At the beginning of understanding the text, guide students' attention to grasp the characteristics of ethnic primary schools. Then, on the basis of a general understanding of the content of the text, help students sort out the narrative order of the text and understand the contents of each part. The narrative order of the text is very clear, on the way to school. Class, class; At the end of the article, the questions are written in this order.

Read the text carefully and feel the thoughts and feelings expressed in the text.

After the students read the text for the first time, the teacher can ask: What kind of mood did the author write this article with, and what sentences did you learn from it? This problem can be discussed by students in groups first, and then discussed by the whole class. The author wrote it with pride and praise. Proud sentences, such as the title: our ethnic primary school; The sentence "This is our national primary school" also appears in the article. After students find such sentences, teachers can guide students to read these sentences with emotion and read out their pride.

Why is the author proud? This question can be used to lead to the key content of the article, that is, this is a beautiful school, this is a United school; Although we come from different families and nationalities, we are all good friends. We live in a big socialist family and closely unite under the five-star red flag. The beauty and unity of the school is not only the author's praise, but also one of the reasons to be proud of. It should be emphasized that the "beauty" and "unity" described in this paper have national characteristics, and teachers should focus on guiding them in teaching.

Next, the teaching of natural paragraphs can continue along the clue of feeling "pride and praise"

The second and third paragraphs praised the students of ethnic primary schools for studying hard in class and having fun and games after class. In the third paragraph, while writing about student activities, I also wrote a lot of small animals. Ask the students to think: Under what circumstances are the texts written about small animals? Why do you write about these small animals? First, the appearance of these small animals highlights the characteristics of ethnic primary schools located in the frontier and adds a cheerful and lively atmosphere to the school; Second, it highlights that children study hard, read deeply and read vividly. Small animals are attracted by children's good reading and can't bear to disturb their study. The third is to highlight the joy and freedom of children's dancing and playing after class, attracting the envy of small animals and coming to watch the fun.

The last paragraph of the text is entitled "This is our national primary school", which directly expresses pride. Writing the shadow of two bells and phoenix bamboos reminds people of the lingering Zhong Ling Yuxiu, which will naturally bring unforgettable nostalgia to ethnic primary schools. Teaching this paragraph, you can feel proud through perceptual reading; By thinking about why we should write "two bells" and "the shadow of phoenix bamboo" at the end of the article, we can realize the unforgettable nostalgia.

The purpose of the first and third questions after class is to guide and check students' communication on reciting content and copying sentences, so as to ensure that the training will not fail.

4. Five pictures of ethnic costumes are arranged in the information kit, with the purpose of letting students know something about ethnic costumes; Spend a little time in class to exchange information about ethnic minorities collected before class.

The first "comprehensive study" this semester is arranged at the back of the text, and the content is to record one's after-school life. Teachers can arrange students after teaching this text. This activity is arranged according to the topic of this group. The purpose of this activity is to combine inside and outside class, combine brain and mouth, make reading, oral communication, exercises and other training contents form an organic whole, and comprehensively improve students' Chinese literacy.

"Comprehensive learning" puts forward the contents, requirements and methods of recording activities. It also lists three forms: text narration, filling in forms and drawing. Teachers can guide students to choose one or two or other forms that are not mentioned in textbooks. Then, according to the requirements in the "Comprehensive Learning Tips", we will communicate in stages to prepare for the report and communication in the "Chinese Garden".

Fourth, reference materials.

Dai: A minority in China. It is mainly distributed in Pingba Valley of Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Gengma, Menglian, Xinping and Yuanjiang, with a few scattered in Jinggu, Jingdong, Jinping and Jinsha River basins. The present Sino-Tibetan language family is Zhuang, Dong, Zhuang and Dai. Have something to say Believe in Hinayana Buddhism.

Jingpo nationality: mainly distributed in Dehong area of Yunnan. This language belongs to Jingpo branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. Have something to say Entering the class society before liberation, 1898 won the victory against the invasion of Longchuan by the British imperialist invaders. After liberation, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture was established together with the Dai people.

Achang: One of the ethnic minorities in China, mainly distributed in Longchuan and Lianghe counties. This language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Have more confidence in Hinayana Buddhism. Enter the feudal society before liberation.

De 'ang: One of the ethnic minorities in China, mainly distributed in Luxi, Zhenkang and other places. This language belongs to the Wa 'deang branch of the Mon-Khmer language family of South Asian language family. Enter the feudal society before liberation. Good at growing tea. Have more confidence in Hinayana Buddhism.

Beaver: the name of the wild animal, namely the leopard cat.

Confucius is a master.

First of all, Jane said the textbook.

This text tells the story that Confucius, a famous thinker and educator in ancient China, worshipped Laozi as his teacher. It embodies the spirit of Confucius' modesty and eagerness to learn, and the character of Laozi's tireless teaching and caring for the younger generation. The spirit of "endless learning" permeates the text.

In the article, when describing Confucius' apprentice, the clues are very clear.

In the first part, Confucius decided to learn from his teacher. He explained Confucius' identity at that time in concise language, as well as his desire and reasons for studying as a teacher. Although he was already a "well-known" teacher at that time, he still had to learn from his teachers, showing his thirst for knowledge.

In the second part, Confucius traveled to Luoyang through hardships. Let's talk about Confucius' journey first. The author used a few words: "thousands of miles apart", indicating a long way; "Sleeping in the wind" indicates that the journey of life is hard; "Day and night" shows Confucius' eagerness to learn; "Finally" shows that although Confucius encountered many difficulties on the road, he finally came to Luoyang with perseverance and confidence. The text then describes in detail the scene when Confucius and Laozi met for the first time, and shows the courtesy of Confucius and Laozi through the dialogue between the characters.

The third part is about Confucius' earnest study. He humbly asked Laozi for advice, and Laozi taught him knowledge without reservation.

The fourth part describes that people not only admire the knowledge of Confucius and Laozi, but also respect their character.

The purpose of writing this text is to let students know Confucius and Laozi, two great thinkers who have had far-reaching influence in Chinese history, from the stories of Confucius apprentices, and to stimulate their interest in exploring the traditional culture of the motherland.

The teaching focus of this text is to understand the process of Confucius learning from teachers, appreciate Confucius' modesty and eagerness to learn, and make a simple evaluation of Confucius and Laozi on the basis of reading stories.

Second, learning objectives

1. Can recognize 7 new words and write 12 new words. Correctly read and write the words "fame, distance, learning, travel-stained, wondering, welcoming, waiting, stopping, advancing, consulting, retaining, imparting, respecting and doing".

2. Read the text with emotion.

3. Understand the course of Confucius' career and inspire reverence for the great thinkers Confucius and Laozi.

4. Accumulate good words and sentences in the text, and you can understand the meaning of words and sentences by looking them up in the dictionary, connecting with life or combining with the context.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. It is suggested that students consult materials or consult their elders to find out what kind of person Confucius is and what contribution he has made to the historical development of China for thousands of years. Teachers can collect written materials, picture materials or audio-visual materials about Confucius House, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest in Qufu, Shandong Province to supplement students' background knowledge about Confucius.

2. The instruction of seven words required in this lesson can be organically interspersed in text learning and combined with the learning of words and sentences. On the basis of students' self-study, communicate whether the pronunciation is accurate, understand the meaning of words and identify fonts in combination with the study of words. We can increase the reappearance of new words by expanding words and experience the usage of new words, such as: accepting: enjoying the cool, paying taxes, cashing in and absorbing; Part-time, merger, excellent academic performance; Pei: Put it on and enjoy it, Wang Pei. In addition, "servant" is easily misunderstood as three tones, which should be paid attention to in teaching.

Among the required 12 words, we should focus on guiding students to write a few words that are easy to make mistakes. For example, the first stroke of the word "dust" is vertical, not vertical hook; The word "welcome" in it is "",not "hair" or "seal"; The right half of the word "Jing" is "Jing", not "Jing". Can guide students to observe and exchange observation results, remind each other of easy-to-write strokes. Some words are difficult to write, for example, the word "Deng" is easy to write too long, and the length of several horizontal lines in the middle is different, which makes it difficult for students to grasp. Teachers can guide students to understand the structure of Chinese characters and the occupation of strokes and components through blackboard demonstration.

3. Overall perception and clear order.

On the basis of students' initial reading of the text, the last sentence of the text can be taken as the key topic for students to think and communicate: "What qualities do people admire about Confucius and Laozi? Where can I see it from the text? " Remind students to read the text carefully, understand the process of Confucius' departure and the dialogue between Confucius and Laozi, and find out which specific sentences or events reflect the noble conduct of Confucius and Laozi from the text.

If students have some difficulties in grasping the whole text, they can also be inspired to sort out the narrative order of the text by summing up: Confucius is determined to learn from the teacher-to learn from the teacher through hardships-and is respected by people. On the basis of understanding the ideas of the text, he can grasp the content of the text as a whole.

The information kit at the back of the text briefly introduces Confucius' life, contribution and influence on later generations, which can not only help students understand the content of the text, but also expand their knowledge and stimulate their interest in further understanding Confucius. Students can be advised to read it when arranging the preview, or they can read this passage before studying the text. After reading, you can ask the students to talk about what they have learned from it, and you can also exchange other information you know about Confucius.

4. Understand key words. Some words in the text are not easy to understand, so students can be guided to understand the meaning by consulting the dictionary, connecting with the context or combining with real life. For example, words such as "well-known, knowledgeable, visiting, curious, admiring and respecting" can make students talk about their own understanding in real life and try to apply them to their own language expression. Words such as "sleeping in the wind, sleeping day and night" can be looked up in the dictionary and combined with the specific context of the text to understand the meaning.

There are two pairs of words with similar meanings, which can also guide students to understand in a specific language environment.

(1) This old man is probably the teacher I want to visit!

Student Kong Qiu came to visit the teacher.

"Visit" is a commendatory term, which means "visit". "Visit" means "meet, meet", which is from the perspective of guests. These two words have subtle differences in meaning, which can be tasted by reading the sentences in the text.

I heard you were coming, so I'm here to meet you.

Thank you teacher for waiting.

Both "Welcome" and "wait" mean to wait, but "welcome" means to wait and meet somewhere, and "wait" means not to meet. Lao Tzu said "meet here", which shows that he is very modest and polite. If we change it to "wait" here, we can't fully reflect the virtue of Laozi. In the sentence "Thank you for waiting", "welcome" should not be used instead of "waiting", because this is the gratitude of the younger generation to the elders.

The following sentences are very helpful for students to deepen their understanding of Confucius' character and can focus on guiding students to communicate and experience.

"After a few months, I finally came to Luoyang." Here we can grasp the keyword "finally" and remind students to contact the above description to experience. In this paper, the questions raised by the study partners are to guide students to understand the meaning of this sentence when reading. Qufu and Luoyang are "thousands of miles apart" and have a long journey; The word "sleeping wind" is generally used to describe the hardships of traveling or living in the wild, indicating the hardships of Confucius along the way; "Working day and night", working day and night, shows Confucius' eagerness to learn. In a short sentence, Confucius' hungry pursuit of knowledge was vividly demonstrated. Students should be guided to understand Confucius' psychology and emotions through these words, and read out their feelings through appropriate tone.

"There is no end to learning." This is Confucius' understanding of learning and the fundamental reason for Confucius to learn from teachers. It is precisely because he believes that "learning is endless" that at the age of 30, he has to learn from his teachers all the way. This sentence can guide students to experience the qualities of modesty, studiousness, fear of hardship and politeness in the process of Confucius learning from teachers. And I can talk about my experience of this sentence in combination with my own life.

In teaching, we can also focus on the dialogue between Confucius and Laozi, and experience their modesty and courtesy through reading aloud by different roles or performing reading aloud.

It is precisely because Confucius and Laozi, one who humbly asks for advice and the other who tirelessly teaches others, have shown noble conduct, so they have gained people's respect. When students read the last paragraph, they can be guided to make a simple evaluation of Confucius and Laozi.

5. The three questions after class are suggested from three aspects: reading aloud, exchanging reading experience and accumulating language.

The topic of reading aloud puts forward the requirements about the emotion and attitude of reading aloud, which is "very enlightening" and "I want to read carefully". In teaching, we should guide students to read the text carefully and deeply understand the character and morality expressed in the text through language and words.

The topic of exchanging reading feelings is mainly about the impressions and opinions of Confucius and Laozi, which provides students with opportunities to exchange personalized feelings. The description of Confucius in this paper is more specific, showing the noble character of Confucius from several aspects; Although Laozi is not the protagonist of the text, students can also feel Laozi's erudite, modest, generous and tireless character from the interaction between Confucius and Laozi. In communication, we should try to avoid talking about feelings without the text, and we should be able to communicate with relevant sentences in the text.

Copying sentence topics requires greater freedom, and students can decide which sentences to copy by themselves. If time permits, you can arrange a communication link after copying, so that students can talk about why they copied these sentences and experience the beauty of these words in communication.

6. Choose the questions assigned after class and list some well-known Confucius quotations. These famous sayings have brilliantly expounded the learning methods and attitudes, which are closely related to what Confucius learned from teachers in this class, and are intended to guide students to consciously accumulate the essence of classical culture. If conditions permit, students can be arranged to continue collecting and reciting some famous sentences of Confucius.

Students can recite these sentences without the teacher's explanation. If students have questions and are interested, they can also give some suggestions.

7. Comprehensive learning suggestions. This group of comprehensive learning is to understand the traditional culture in life. After students have a preliminary understanding of the traditional culture of the motherland, we should guide them to social life, let students experience the profoundness and richness of China's traditional culture in their lives, and let them feel that tradition is not necessarily ancient, but sometimes it is close to us and affects our lives.

The teaching material puts forward the direction of activities through examples: folk crafts, national arts, customs and habits, etc. The connotation of traditional culture is very rich. Only the customs and habits of the Chinese nation include holiday customs, local folk customs, and customs of various ethnic groups. National arts, including various dramas, garden buildings, national dances, etc. Another example is folk art, which can be divided into cutting, binding, weaving, embroidery, carving, plastic painting and so on. It is also colorful, such as clay figurine, colored embroidery, pottery, micro-carving, seal cutting and so on. , can be included in the students' understanding. When carrying out activities, teachers can make full use of resources suitable for students according to local specific conditions and carry out this activity with students.

Activities can be carried out in a variety of ways, and students can be given appropriate suggestions according to the local teaching situation, such as consulting books, images or audio-visual materials, visiting elders, field trips, collecting or making physical objects, etc.

Because students have a comprehensive learning experience, they can be more free in the ways and means of carrying out activities, so that students can have more autonomy, such as choosing their own partners, content and methods of activities. After students are free to form activity groups, teachers can guide each group to make a simple activity plan, such as what they plan to know, which student is responsible for which part, how to plan activities, time arrangement and so on. You can design a schedule of activities, so that the division of labor is clear and you know fairly well. Teachers should pay more attention and guidance to the groups that have difficulties in making plans and help them make practical activity plans.

Fourth, reference materials.

Confucius: (5565438 BC+0 BC-479 BC) named Qiu. Lu (Z not u) was a thinker, politician and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of the Confucian school. His words and deeds throughout his life were compiled into The Analects by his students and spread all over the world. In the long history of more than 2,000 years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodox culture of China, and has influenced East Asia, Southeast Asia and other countries in the world, becoming the cornerstone of the whole oriental culture. Because of his outstanding contribution and far-reaching influence, Confucius was honored as "the most holy teacher" and "the model for future generations" by the people of China. Our government has decided to take September 10 every year as Teacher's Day.

In Taiwan Province Province, China, the birthday of Confucius on September 28th is regarded as Teacher's Day. In the United States, 197 1, both houses of the United States passed laws to designate September 28th as Teachers' Day.

Confucius once asked Laozi about the ritual and music system of past dynasties. This is a famous story in history, which is not only found in official records such as Historical Records, but also in Laozi's color pictures (according to legend, the end of the Spring and Autumn Period) and portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty. On the north side of Dongguan Street in Luoyang, there is a monument, which is said to be the place where Confucius entered Li.

Laozi: a thinker and founder of Taoism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, people lived in the ancient county of Chu (now Lu Yi). There are few historical records about his life. Ancient books in the pre-Qin period, such as Zhuangzi Tianxia, called Laozi as, Laozi as the surname and Yong as the name. There is also a saying that Lao Tzu's surname is Li Minger, and his word is Bo Yang. According to Sima Qian's Historical Records, "Lao Tzu's surname is Li, his name is Er, and his word is forever."

Laozi is the Tibetan history of the Zhou Dynasty, and he wrote the Tao Te Ching with 5,000 words. He was the founder of the Taoist school, and later Taoism regarded him as the founder. Taishang Laojun is a Taoist honorific title for Laozi. Laozi's thought has a far-reaching influence not only on China, but also on the world.

Ancient people's names, characters and numbers: The names of ancient people in China are more complicated than those of modern people. Generally, there are four items: surname, first name, character and number. After the baby was born, the father took the first name. The word "Zi" was taken by a man at the age of 20 when he was an adult, and by a woman at the age of 15 when she held a ceremony to pay tribute. It is a person's official title. No, people with a certain reputation and culture, in order to express their own ideological interests.

The ancients had certain principles and customs in the use of names, characters and numbers. Regardless of rank, people usually use names instead of words to express modesty and politeness; For others, you can't call them by their first names, you can only use their words.

Qufu "Three Holes": Qufu City is located in the middle of Shandong Province and one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China. 1 1 century BC, the capital of Lu was the hometown of Confucius, the ancestor of Confucianism. Confucius House, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest in Qufu are collectively called "Three Holes". Confucius House, formerly known as the Duke's House of Feast, is the official residence and mansion of descendants of Confucius. Covering an area of 16 hectare, there are 463 buildings of various types, which are very rich in historical relics. Confucius Temple is a place dedicated to Confucius. The year after Confucius' death (478 BC), Lu Aigong converted his old residence into a temple. Later, emperors of all dynasties continued to seal Confucius, and the scale of Confucius Temple also expanded. Covering an area of 2 1.6 hectares, there are 466 buildings of various types. Kong Lin is the cemetery of Confucius and his family, covering an area of more than 200 hectares, with towering old trees and numerous historical sites.

Qufu's "Three Holes" is famous for its rich cultural accumulation and long history, and was selected into the World Heritage List in199465438+February.

18 Pangu opens up heaven and earth

First of all, Jane said the textbook.

This myth tells the story of the creation of a giant named Pangu. The story is very imaginative and the narrative is concrete and vivid.

The context of the text is very clear, divided into three parts, which clearly describes the process of Pangu's "creating a beautiful universe with his whole body".

After explaining the background of "heaven and earth are inseparable", let me first talk about what Pangu did after waking up and the different changes in heaven and earth. Then describe what Pangu did after the separation of heaven and earth; Finally, the changes after the fall of Pangu are discussed.

The article is full of magical imagination, portraying Pangu's majestic and tall image with vivid and accurate language, and praising his spirit of creating the world. In teaching, students should be guided to pay attention to these characteristics in their expressions.

When teaching this text, students should understand the literary genre of myth, experience the dedication of Pangu, a giant, and feel the rich imagination of the ancient people in China. The focus of teaching is to guide students to understand the content of Pangu's groundbreaking story, stimulate their interest in reading fairy tales and cultivate their imagination. You can tell this story in your own words after you learn it.

Second, learning objectives

1. Know 10 new words and write 14 new words. Correctly read and write the words "universe, darkness, rising, falling, breathing, limbs, skin, vastness, blood, endless flow, lush, moist and creative".

2. Read the text with emotion and repeat it in your own words.

3. Read the text, experience Pangu's persistence, cultivate imagination and accumulate beautiful words in the text.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Students can be arranged to collect famous myths and legends of China before class. If you have time, you can read them.

There are many words required to know in this class, so we should grasp the key points and guide them. For the new words in the text, students can be divided into one point, which are the words they know in life and which are the words they don't know; How can I remember? When communicating, you can classify several words according to their difficulty. For example, "Meng, Limb, Muscle, Liao and Liquid" are pictophonetic characters, and the phonetic edge has a certain relationship with the pronunciation of the characters, which is relatively easy to remember. "Zhang Zong" and "Zong Zong" can be remembered by familiar characters "Zhan, Trace" or word combination, and "Zhu Yi" can also be remembered by transliteration of Chinese characters such as "Jia". In addition, there is a new multi-tone word "Dao" in this paper. We can understand the difference between three tones and four tones by combining words or sentences. The pronunciation of the word "blood" is four tones, not three, so students should be reminded to pay attention.

Teachers should grasp the difficult points to guide the words required to be written. For example, the lower right part of the word "see" is easy to write wrong, so students should be guided to observe it carefully; On the left of the word "Chuang" is "Cang", not "Lun". In addition, the words "material" and "liquid" should guide students to write correctly and symmetrically; There are many strokes of "Kuan" and "Zi", so students should be instructed to arrange the positions of each part when writing.

Writing instruction can be combined with copying words and sentences.

3. By reading the text for the first time, students can understand the content of the text as a whole, and then read it carefully to understand how the text is made clear. It can help students sort out the narrative order of the text and lay the foundation for students to repeat.

This passage is full of rich imagination everywhere. When reading aloud, students should be guided to use their imagination to understand the content of the text through imagination and be infected by the magical, rich and beautiful imagination of the text.

Retelling is a very important learning requirement for middle school students. This article is more suitable for training students to retell. Students can practice retelling in their own language on the basis of being familiar with the text and understanding the narrative order of the text. At the beginning of practice, you can lower the requirements and give some hints on the content and order. For example, let students talk about the main content of each paragraph first, and then link the main content of each paragraph, so that it is easy to retell the text. Let the students communicate on the basis of their own practice, and comment on the disorder of order and unclear language expression in the retelling. Students can also practice retelling by dubbing pictures to stimulate their interest. Students can also be advised to tell this story to their parents after returning home, and consciously cultivate students' habit of using Chinese in their lives.

4. When reading the text carefully, we should pay attention to guiding students to enrich language accumulation. For example, in the second paragraph, there are some words with opposite meanings, which are used to describe the changes of heaven and earth. This paper gives guidance in the tone of a study partner. The proper use of words such as light, heavy, clear, turbid, ascending and descending shows the difference between heaven and earth. When reading the text carefully, let the students find, experience and talk about the benefits of writing like this.

The fourth paragraph describes in detail the great changes in Pangu's body after his fall. Every part of Pangu's body has become everything in the world. In the description of everything on the earth, adjectives with biased structures are often used, such as "rumbling thunder" and "floating clouds", which appropriately describe the characteristics of things. These words can guide students to pay attention to them and write them down.

5. After-class topics are put forward from three angles: reading aloud, retelling and accumulating words. On the basis of full reading, guide the students to retell the text. Suggesting students to "speak in their own words" is not against using beautiful words and sentences in the text, but against reciting the text. If we can properly use the sentences in the text and naturally integrate them into our own retelling, we should also give praise and encouragement. This can strengthen the understanding of words and expressions in use. Students can be prompted to repeat in the order of "Pangu separated one day after waking up and Pangu fell down".

6. Students are advised to read other ancient fairy tales in China, such as Jingwei's reclamation and Dayu's flood control. If you have time, you can have a fairy tale meeting in the class.

19 Zhao Zhouqiao

First of all, Jane said the textbook.

This explanatory text introduces us to the grandeur, firmness and beauty of Zhao Zhouqiao. The language of the text is accurate, concise and vivid. Just a few hundred words not only indicate the location, designer and construction year of Zhao Zhouqiao, but more importantly, clearly show the appearance characteristics of Zhao Zhouqiao to people. Then talk about the benefits of this design: reducing impact and saving stone; And describe the beauty of its design, which makes people feel the wisdom and talent of ancient working people as if they were there.

From the perspective of architectural art, this paper introduces the excellent traditional culture of China. By studying this text, stimulate students' strong sense of national pride and