How to practice photography? Or what to do?

Training 1. Panoramic depth practice

Subjects: general scenery, flowers, urban buildings and other high-impact scenery.

Requirement: All images are in real focus.

Recommendation: First use a wide-angle lens: 24MM-35MM to shoot, aperture: F11-16, aperture priority AE mode.

Training 2. Single subject focus practice

Requirements: Only focus on the main subject, shallow depth of field.

Recommendation: Medium telephoto lens: 85MM or above, aperture F5.6 or larger. Aperture priority AE mode.

Training 3. Freeze-frame practice

Subjects: sports events, walking cars, trains, flowing water, waterfalls, etc.

Requirements: Record the instantaneous movements or instantaneous expressions of subjects in intense motion.

Recommendation: high-speed shutter speed of 1/1000 second or more, shutter speed priority AE mode.

Training 4, dynamic exercises

Subjects: sports events, dynamic people, flowing water, waterfalls, etc.

Requirements: Part of the body of athletes and dynamic people is blurred or the background of the moving body is virtual. Flowing water, waterfalls, etc. have a streamlined feel.

Recommendation: Slow shutter speed 1/15 second-11 seconds. Start practicing at 1/30 second, then practice at 1/15, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 second step by step. Use a tripod.

Training 5. Framing practice

Requirements: highlight the theme, make the picture concise, and be able to convey the atmosphere of the scene being photographed. *This training is the basis of composition training

Recommendation: telephoto lens, large aperture.

Training 6, close-up practice

Subjects: flowers, still life, insects, etc.

Requirements: The subject should account for as large a proportion of the screen as possible, highlighting the shape and interesting parts of the subject, with high definition.

Recommendation: Use a macro lens or macro function and a close-up lens, the shortest shooting distance, and keep the lens parallel to the subject. Use a tripod and shutter release cable.

Training 7. Practice using lenses of various focal lengths (focal lengths of the lens)

Use lenses of various focal lengths (focal lengths of the lens) for shooting exercises to understand the functions of each focal length of the lens Features: Understand the relationship between painting angle and perspective, and make use of the different depth of field at each focal length.

Standard lens: A lens with a focal length of about 50MM - extremely natural and not exaggerated.

Wide-angle lens: A lens with a focal length of less than 35MM - emphasizing the sense of distance and nearness.

Medium telephoto lens: a lens with a focal length of 85MM~135MM - the closest perspective (near and far) to the human eye, which can accurately reflect the shape of the subject, and is mostly used for portrait photography.

Telephoto lens: a lens with a focal length of 200MM or more - little sense of distance and a compression effect.

(Easy to shake, try to use a tripod)

Exercise 8, horizontal and vertical composition

Subjects: scenery, mountains and rivers, buildings, people, etc.

Requirements: Use horizontal composition to express a sense of stability and breadth, use vertical composition to express a sense of depth and height, and there should be no useless space in the picture.

Suggestions: 1. Use horizontal compositions for the same subject. , shoot with the vertical composition method, and compare the different feelings of the work.

2. Use a lens with a focus higher than the standard focus to express a sense of stability in the horizontal composition, and use a wide-angle lens to express a sense of spaciousness.

3. Use a wide-angle lens when the vertical composition expresses the sense of depth and height, and pay attention to the position of the close-up and distant views in the picture.

4. When composing the picture, pay special attention to the horizontal and vertical, and use a tripod. Exercise 9. Triangle Composition

Subjects: triangles or triangle-like scenery, buildings, characters, etc.

Requirements: Use triangles in different positions in the picture to express a sense of stability and movement. , a sense of height and width.

Suggestions: 1. There is an easily identifiable triangular shape in the picture. The focus of multiple objects composed of triangles should be solid and have a sense of balance.

2. For tall and slender scenes such as high-rise buildings and roads, use a wide-angle lens below 20MM.

3. Use the depth of field prediction function.

Exercise 10. Symmetrical composition

Subjects: All scenery, figures, buildings, etc. with symmetrical compositions.

Requirements: Use up, down, left, and right symmetrical compositions to express a sense of stability and surreal artistic conception.

Suggestions : 1. Choose a beautiful symmetrical shape. The focus points on both sides of the symmetrical shape must be solid, and the expression of each symmetrical shape must be obvious.

2. Try to use a lens with a focus point above the standard. When using a wide-angle lens, pay attention to the camera and the Keep the subject parallel.

3. Use a polarizer when shooting symmetrical compositions on the shore and in the water.

4. Use a tripod when you have to use a small aperture to achieve panoramic depth.

Exercise 11. Vertical and horizontal composition

Subjects: landscapes, buildings, etc.

Requirements: The picture should be composed of multiple parallel or vertical lines. Simple beauty.

Suggestion: The lines forming the picture should be kept horizontal or vertical, the lines should be beautiful, and the horizontal or vertical line shapes should cover the entire picture. Use a tripod

Exercise 12, S Shape and diagonal line composition

Subjects: roads, rivers, mountains, urban bridges and roads with S-shape or diagonal lines, etc.

Requirements: use S-shape To express a sense of depth, use diagonal lines to express the sense of expanse and movement. The S-shape should reach both ends of the picture. If it breaks in the middle, there should be space in front.

Suggestion: The configuration of S-shape and diagonal lines You must have a sense of balance, carefully feel whether the work has a sense of depth and breadth, and whether the subject is clear. The subject must be prominent.

Exercise 13, Golden Section composition

Subject Tips: Anything is acceptable.

Requirements: The subject to be represented should be at the dividing point, line or near the dividing point, the composition should be balanced, the subject should be prominent, and there should be no redundant parts in the picture.

Suggestion: First compose the picture according to your own ideas, and then use the golden section method.

Unit 3: Training with light [1]

Exercise 14. Daytime flash exposure compensation

Subjects: people, flowers, pets, small-scale natural scenery, still life and other close-range small-scale scenery.

Requirements: Use when the above subjects are in backlight or side backlight and the surrounding light is stronger than the subject or when the subject is in a dark place during the day.

Suggestions: 1. Use flash synchronization speed metering (average metering) to obtain the aperture value, and then divide the flash index by the aperture value to obtain the shooting distance, so that you can obtain accurately exposed photos.

For example: the camera's flash synchronization is 1/125 seconds, the F value obtained by the camera's automatic metering is 16, and the flash index (GN) is 40, that is, 40/16 (F) = 2.5M , the shooting distance at this time is 2.5 meters.

2. When the guide number (GN) and distance are known to find the aperture (F), divide the guide number by the distance to find the aperture (F). That is: GN/distance=F.

Exercise 15. Use flash to reflect the three-dimensional sense of the work

Subjects: people, flowers, pets, still life, etc.

Requirements: Use an external flash and use a cable to move the flash away from the camera. Project light from above or from behind to create a three-dimensional effect. You can also project it to the ceiling or use a reflector to create refracted soft light. Specifically, The light method and direction are arranged according to your own intention. But try to avoid heavy shadows.

Recommendation: If possible, try to create a three-dimensional feeling created by various lighting methods and exposure compensation.

Exercise 16, indoor and night light photography

Subjects: gatherings under indoor lights and city light night scenes, etc.

Requirements: Use color temperature to create a unique (reddish) atmosphere that is invisible to the naked eye indoors and under night lights.

Recommendation: The light arrangement in the picture should be as uniform as possible. It is best to have no strong light source near the lens and no strong light entering the lens. Use a tripod when shooting still life. It is best to use ISO400 film when taking snapshots. If you want to get a work that is faithful to the original color, use an 80A filter to correct the color temperature. Exposure cannot be passed over.

Reference: Color temperature: sunny day = 5500K, cloudy day = 6500K, morning and evening = 4500K, general lighting = 2800K.

Exercise 17. Morning sun, sunset, night scene

Subjects: mountains, coastline, natural scenery and night scene under the morning sun and sunset.

Requirements: It is necessary to fully reflect the atmosphere of the day and night, and reproduce the gorgeous scenery of the day and night. There should be no unnecessary objects entering the picture, and it is best to have no halo.

Recommendation: Use manual, basically the aperture is around F8~11, AE aperture priority, adjust the focus to infinity when taking a long shot, and use it to focus on objects that are easiest to see such as point light sources within 10M. Tripod, consider taking multiple exposures.

Exercise 18. White objects

Subjects: snowy scenes, white beaches, white flowers and other white objects.

Requirements: Clearly reproduce the texture and tone of white objects.

Recommendation: Appropriate exposure compensation based on the actual measured exposure. The amount of compensation is generally between 0.5 and 1.5EV based on the proportion of white objects in the screen and the intention of your work. Proportion adjustment.

Unit 4: Training with light [2]

Exercise 19. Use of backlight (transmitted light)

Subject: light illuminated from behind People, landscapes, flowers, still life and snapshots, etc.

Requirements: Make full use of the characteristics of backlighting to create a sense of transparency and three-dimensionality. Pay attention to the brightness balance between the subject and the background and avoid haloes other than those intended for creation. Produced.

Recommendation: Use exposure compensation and reflector. Exposure compensation amounts include +0.5, +1.0, +1.5, +2.0EV, etc. The greater the compensation, the brighter the subject. If If you don’t know the amount of exposure compensation well, you can compensate in sections and take more than one shot each to ensure a successful shot.

Exercise 20, the use of side light

Subjects: people, scenery, flowers, plants, pets and snapshots related to this kind of light.

Requirements: Make full use of the effect of shadows to make the atmosphere of the picture match your shooting intention, and improve your sensitivity to light through practice.

Recommendations: When shooting, choose from straight light, side light, oblique side light, and semi-light. Observe the subject in the order of backlight and backlight, and pay attention to the difference in the three-dimensional effect of the object created by side light and backlight. For example, using strong side light can create a man's fortitude and weak side light can create a woman's tenderness. Use shading cover.

Exercise 21, the use of spot light and floodlight in the forest

Subjects: Forests with floodlight characteristics, scenery under a cloudy sky such as mountains, rivers, lakes and seas Water surface, etc.

Requirements: Make full use of the characteristics of dots and floodlights to create an impressive and touching atmosphere.

Suggestions: Pay attention to the control of light ratio range and exposure, light and shade The difference should be appropriate. Use spot metering to measure the exposure in bright and dark areas, and then take the middle value for the final exposure.

Requirements: The photography intention and theme should be clear, the necessity of using high-key or low-key should be considered, and the atmosphere of the subject should be coordinated.

Suggestion: High-key exposure compensation should be from 0~+2.0, low-key exposure compensation from 0~-2.0, through segmented exposure, you can master the effect of exposure compensation under various conditions.

Exercise 23, the trajectory of light

Subjects: cars, boats, starry sky, fireworks, etc. moving at night.

Requirements: express the movement of light smoothly Flow, the color, shape, size of the light streamlines should be coordinated with the surrounding atmosphere, and the exposure should be appropriate.

Recommendation: Use average metering and central part-weighted metering modes. You can also set the aperture to F4 or F5.6 and the exposure to 30 seconds to 2 minutes (bulb can be used). Fireworks generally use ISO100 film with an aperture between F5.6 and F11. The exposure time of the starry sky can be up to 1 to 2 hours. All of the above use a tripod.

Exercise 24. Objects illuminated by lights

Subjects: buildings and plants illuminated by lights at night in the city.

Requirements: Viewing angle To reflect the charm of the subject, choose an exposure that can fully express the atmosphere, and the proportion of the subject in the picture should be appropriate.

Recommendation: Use a tripod, shutter release cable, manual mode, B door or T door, and use exposure compensation +0.5-1.5EV. Pay attention to the brightest part and the darkest part of the picture when composing the picture to avoid a huge difference in brightness. Pay attention to the reciprocal arrhythmia problem when exposing for a long time. Using a wide-angle lens

Unit 5: Training to emphasize color

Exercises 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30

Use red, blue, and Practice subjects with yellow, green, white, and black as the main features to express the theme.

Subjects: various objects with the above colors and people dressed in colors, flowers, etc.

Requirements: To show the distinctive characteristics of the above colors, grasp the three elements of color: hue, brightness, and saturation.

Recommendation: Pay attention to the performance of warm and cold colors, use color filters if possible, and use bracketing photography to experience the effect of exposure compensation on color performance. 23art provides

Exercise 31. Express the transparency of water

Subject: any object related to water.

Requirements: While expressing the transparency of water, pay attention to the overall performance of the work.

Suggestion: Pay attention to the light reflection on the water surface, use a PL mirror, and rotate the PL mirror to find the best performance.

Exercise 32, Color Contrast

Subjects: fields, parks, buildings, etc. that are mixed with various colors to create contrast.

Requirements: Use color contrast to enhance the appeal of the work.

Suggestion: Do not let too many colors enter the picture. The greater the brightness difference between contrasting colors, the stronger the contrast. Bright colors and contrasting dark colors are easy to be noticed. The real focus and virtual focus of the same color Can form a contrast.

Exercise 33, black and white photography

Subject: any object, person, etc.

Requirements: The relationship between the theme and the background, and understanding of the characteristics of black and white photography.

Suggestion: It is necessary to understand the specific changes after color becomes black and white, consider red as rich black, yellow as gray, etc., and understand the relationship with gray scale.

Exercise 34. Expression of monochromatic colors

Subjects: groups of plants in nature, large areas of monochromatic flowers, indoor rooms with uniform colors, etc.

Requirements: Effective use of unified tones, balanced composition, and full control of color shades.

Suggestion: Pay attention to the saturation of the color to make the color expression in the picture more relaxed, and use a color temperature filter.

Unit 6: Training to express dynamics and emotions

Exercise 35. Expression of dynamics

Subjects: sports, animals, commemorative events, flowers and plants , rivers, etc.

Requirements: Fully record and express moving objects or people, show the power and dynamic beauty of movement, reasonably compose the shot, and master the shutter speed and shutter timing suitable for the scene being photographed.

Recommendation: If conditions permit, try to use shutter priority mode. When freezing high-speed motion, use a shutter speed of 1/500-1/1000 seconds, and when expressing a sense of flow, use a shutter speed of 1/15-1/4 seconds. You can use 1/15 or 1/30 seconds when chasing shots.

Exercise 36, Expression of Presence

Subjects: fire and accident scenes, sacrificial activities, ceremonies, natural weather conditions, etc.

Requirements: Try to express a sense of presence and make people immersive. Even for more ordinary subjects, technology and equipment must be used to create a sense of presence.

Recommendation: Use a super wide-angle or telephoto lens as close as possible to the subject, and use F11, F16, or F22 as the aperture to achieve a large depth of field. Use a tripod to express natural weather conditions such as typhoons, heavy rain, fog, and rapids. Shutter speeds of 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2 seconds are prioritized, and bracketing shooting methods can be used.

Exercise 37. Expression of silence

Subject: natural scenery.

Requirements: The photographer should be quiet and stable, choose the best shooting time and weather, and choose a composition that is stable, concise and easy to convey a sense of tranquility.

Recommendation: The best shooting time is at dawn, evening, moonlit night, rainy day, fog, snowy day, etc. Choose symmetry, triangles, etc. to increase the sense of tranquility. The composition should be horizontal and vertical, and should not be tilted to emphasize the sense of concentration and stability. Use a tripod.

Exercise 38. Expression of Emotions

Subjects: close-ups of faces and bodies of people and animals (momentary capture of action).

Requirements: Master the best shutter timing, achieve emotional connection with the person or animal being photographed, pay attention to the expression of other body parts in addition to the face to match the subject, and pay attention to every detail of the composition.

Suggestion: Start practicing with the people around you, especially children and pets. Pay more attention to their (their) moods, anger, sorrows, and joys, and find out interesting characteristics, and then use the telephoto lens to focus on the people or pets you are photographing. Capture animals when they are not looking.