A complete collection of watch professional knowledge

A complete collection of watch professional knowledge

The professional knowledge of watches, speaking of watches, everyone should be familiar with them, and they have been used in daily life. Watches are mainly divided into formal watches and casual watches, and casual watches also include sports watches. The following is the comprehensive knowledge of watches.

Watch expertise 1 1, watch styles and functions. Watches are divided into two categories: mechanical watches and chronographs. The most common mechanical watches have automatic calendar function.

2. Which is better, quartz watch or mechanical watch? There should be good and bad, regardless of value, and quartz watches are expensive. Mechanical watches are also cheap. Generally speaking, mechanical watches are more ornamental, while quartz watches have high accuracy and are easy to use.

There are three ways to distinguish them. (1) Look at the logo, the automatic watch will have automatic letters or automatic winding letters, (2) Look at the action of the second hand. It's a quartz watch that beats every minute, and it's a mechanical watch whose second hand keeps crossing the disk. (3) Whether it can be wound or has the sound of automatic rotation.

3. Indication function of the watch The pointer and dial are matched to indicate the time, and there is also a window using numbers. Window styles are mainly used for calendars. The so-called "big calendar" is two windows that display the ten digits and digits of the date respectively.

The flying back and bouncing of the watch hands are not clockwise. Flyback is the characteristic of chronograph returning to zero, while rebound is "fan-shaped" in the hands. Fan bounce is very strange, it automatically returns to zero after completing the course.

5, the timing function watch is commonly known as; "Three needles and three eyes" and three watch handles.

1. At present, most stopwatches use double buttons, which are usually at 2 o'clock and 4 o'clock respectively. The 2-point button controls the "start and stop" function and the 4-point button controls the "return to zero" function.

2. The operation method used is usually the process of "start-stop zero" or "start-stop start-stop zero". Stop the stopwatch function before pressing the zero button.

3. One-button stopwatch is relatively simple, and one button controls the "start and stop zero" function. Please note that every time you press the button, you must wait until the button is reset before pressing it again.

6, the moon phase shows that the moon phase is actually a lunar calendar, indicating the cycle of the moon's deficit. The sun, moon and stars are the most intuitive celestial bodies, but the moon phase is related to latitude. Design principle: the moon phase function is often placed in a semi-circular window with a special shape, including a semi-circular arc and two small circular arcs. This carefully designed shape, combined with the moon on the lunar phase disk, can tell us more accurately the shape of the moon at the beginning or end of a cycle.

Operating principle: The moon phase displays the state of the moon on the moon phase disk in a period of 29 or 5 days. There are two moons on this lunar disk, and there are 59 teeth on the side. After the moon phase wheel is pushed by the transmission wheel, it advances one tooth every day, and at this time, the change of the moon phase profit and loss can be displayed on the dial in time.

The 59-tooth moon phase wheel comes from the average of the moon phase profit and loss every 29 or 5 days. Because the precise rotation period of the moon is 28 days 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2 seconds, the error of the moon phase display will reach 24 hours every 33 months. There is usually a button on the watch case to adjust the moon phase, and the moon phase display is relatively independent of functions such as timing and perpetual calendar.

7. The spring kinetic energy indicator shows the tightness of the watch spring, which is similar to the automobile oil meter. Long-power watches generally last more than 72 hours, usually 7- 10 days, and the longest is one month. Long-powered watches have a large number of clockwork boxes or long hair strips. This function is more useful.

8, perpetual calendar watch perpetual calendar is one of the three complex technologies of clocks and watches, and has a very mature design in the long era of pocket watches. The basic principle of realizing perpetual calendar is to design April gear (also called 48-tooth program gear) according to the flat leap year cycle of 4 years and 48 months, and realize the jumping of large and small months and flat leap years through meshing and matching between gears.

9. tourbillon is commonly known as "the mare goes", and tourbillon watches represent the highest level of mechanical watch manufacturing technology. The whole escapement speed regulating mechanism is combined and can rotate at a certain speed, which minimizes the influence of gravity in the mechanical watch on the escapement system and improves the travel accuracy. Because of its unique operation mode, the dynamic artistic beauty of clocks and watches has been brought to the extreme, and it has always been known as the "king of the table".

10, spherical stereo tourbillon is a top-class spherical stereo tourbillon, and spherical tourbillon wraps the escapement speed regulating mechanism of the watch in two frames, which run along different axes respectively. Precise rotating mechanism is like an armillary sphere for measuring celestial bodies, and it is the most ornamental tourbillon!

A complete collection of professional knowledge of watches II. Types of watches

Clocks and watches are precise timekeeping instruments, which are usually distinguished by the size of internal machines. According to international practice, clocks and watches with movement diameter greater than 50 mm and thickness greater than 12 mm; Pocket watches are those whose movement is 37-50 mm in diameter and 4-6 mm in thickness. If the diameter of the movement is less than 37 mm, it is called a watch; If the diameter of the movement does not exceed 20 mm or the movement area does not exceed 3 14 square mm, it is called a women's watch.

The watch is one of the smallest, strongest and most sophisticated machines invented by human beings. In the world of clocks and watches, clocks and watches can be divided into the following two types according to different oscillators:

Mechanical watch: a watch adjusted by a mechanical oscillator;

Quartz watch: a watch calibrated by an electronic oscillator-a timely oscillator.

Secondly, it is also necessary to calculate and display hours, minutes and seconds in the form of dial. According to the display mode, watches can be divided into:

Ordinary watches: watches that only display hours, minutes and seconds; Watches with complex functions: watches that provide other auxiliary display functions besides hours, minutes and seconds.

Types of mechanical watches:

Mechanical watches can be divided into manual mechanical watches and automatic mechanical watches:

1, Manual mechanical watch: Manual winding movement. By turning the handle of the watch, the main spring in the watch movement is completely wound. After the spring is completely released, the gear is driven to run and the hands are pushed away.

2. Automatic mechanical watch: the power of the self-winding movement is driven by the weight of the pendulum in the movement. When the arm wearing the watch swings, it will drive the pendulum to rotate, and at the same time drive the main spring in the watch to wind the watch and push it away.

Types of quartz watches:

Electronic watches can be divided into digital timekeeping electronic watches, pointer timekeeping electronic watches, automatic quartz watches and optical kinetic energy watches.

Digital chronograph electronic watch: a watch that combines the piezoelectric effect of chronograph crystal and the display of bipolar tube liquid crystal, and its function is completely completed by electronic components.

Pointer quartz watch: The energy of quartz watch comes from silver oxide button cell. After the silver oxide button cell provides a specific voltage to the integrated circuit,

The oscillator circuit and the quartz resonator vibrate the synchronous oscillator and form the oscillator circuit source. The electrical signal with the frequency of 32768Hz output by the oscillating circuit enters the frequency dividing circuit, and after frequency division by 16, pulse signals of 0 and 5Hz are generated, and then the pulse signals output by the narrow pulse circuit enter the driving circuit for amplification to form alternating bidirectional pulse signals, thereby driving the stepping motor to rotate intermittently, and further driving the transmission gear train, so that the watch hands can accurately display the time.

Automatic quartz watch: It combines the advantages of automatic mechanical watch and quartz watch. It does not need batteries, and the wearer can choose to wind it manually or charge it automatically. Its electronic timing device makes it more accurate, with a monthly error of less than ten seconds.

Its working principle is to use the dancing of the arm to drive the pendulum in the watch to rotate and generate energy to push the internal micro-motor to convert it into energy, so as to provide sufficient power for the timing device in the watch, and the excess power will be stored by the micro-capacitor for later use. After the watch is fully charged, it can run continuously for more than 9 days without wearing it on your wrist. At present, Swiss Tissot Watch and Japanese Seiko Watch are both famous automatic quartz watches.

Photokinetic watch: firstly, the solar chip is used to convert light energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is stored in a recyclable titanium lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Then, the electric energy generated by the battery generates a pulse signal to the coil through the integrated circuit to generate a magnetic force to drive the stepping motor. The electric energy is converted into kinetic energy, which drives the gear to rotate and the pointer to indicate the time. After fully charged, it can run in the dark for about 40- 180 days, with accurate travel time, and the life of rechargeable battery is 10 year.

Comparison between mechanical watch and quartz watch;

Features of mechanical watches:

1, mechanical watches are different from quartz watches, and the second hand of mechanical watches is continuous.

2. Due to the complex movement of mechanical watches, the travel time error is large (depending on the brand), and the general allowable range is +-45 seconds. The movement error of the observatory is small, and it is normal that the error is within -4/+6 seconds a day. The travel time error of a mechanical watch cannot be accumulated, and the watch needs to be debugged for a period of time.

3, the process is fine and easy to use, and it can be wound for more than 36 hours.

4, the movement has a long service life.

5, the appearance is thicker than quartz watches (see the brand), and some brands are also very thin, but they are generally manual mechanical watches.

Features of quartz watch:

1. The second hand of the quartz watch jumps one by one, which is very accurate. Generally, the monthly difference is required to be within 15 second, including three stitches and two stitches.

2. The integrated circuit is used in the movement, which is much simpler in structure and assembly than the mechanical watch movement.

3, easy to use, wearing without winding, a battery can generally be used for 2-3 years. However, some lithium batteries of quartz watches have a long life, which can be used for about 7-8 years.

4. Quartz watches are relatively cheaper than mechanical watches (the same brand and style), but some high-end brands are expensive because of their good brands, good appearance materials (18K gold or diamonds or precious metals) and excellent design, which leads to some quartz watches being much more expensive than general mechanical watches.

Comparison between the two:

1. Mechanical watches need winding/quartz watches don't need winding.

2. The mechanical case is relatively thick/the Shi Ying case can be very thin.

3. Mechanical watches are marked with automatic/quartz watches are marked with Shi Ying.

4. The daily error of mechanical watches is several seconds or even tens of seconds/the daily error of quartz watches is within 0 or 5 seconds.

5. The cost of mechanical watch is relatively high/the cost of quartz watch is low and it has many functions.

Watch professional knowledge 3 about watch maintenance

1 to see if the watch is under warranty. During the warranty period, it is recommended to replace it in a professional watch repair center. The watch accessories involved are more reassuring.

When there is something wrong with a watch, such as a quartz watch, we need to check whether the battery is dead first. If not, you need to check whether there is a problem with the watch movement, and the watch movement inspection should be carried out in a professional maintenance center. If there are problems such as scratches on the watch glass, case, dial and case, it is recommended to directly choose a professional watch repair center for repair.

3. As far as possible, it is the best choice to choose a professional maintenance center, a professional watch maintenance center, advanced maintenance equipment and instruments, and the principle of synchronous testing process.

4. After arriving at the watch repair center, first check whether there are calibration meters, pendulums, waterproof testers and other equipment. Don't think it's cheap, just talk about the price when you enter the store.

5. Check whether the watch spare parts to be replaced are imported, and ask the maintenance center to introduce them in detail.

6. Don't believe "you should wait right away". Watch maintenance needs to go through a process, watch inspection, actual observation, and inspection after maintenance, all of which take time. "You should wait immediately" is not credible, but the above process is not a necessary condition for replacing the battery.

7. After the watch is repaired, it is recommended to ask the maintenance center for a bill, and the replacement parts should be written on the bill.

About watch maintenance

1, Regular maintenance: In order to ensure the normal operation of watches, regular maintenance is necessary.

2, waterproof cleaning: in order to ensure the style of the watch, a waterproof test and appearance cleaning every year.

3. Maintenance of the whole machine: In order to ensure the accuracy of the watch, the whole machine is maintained every 3-5 years.