Art, please tell me about your understanding of beauty. Talk about your knowledge and understanding of beauty (choose one from definition, type and characteristics)

In fact, definition itself is a restriction on beauty, just like the relationship between human consciousness, belief and doubt, beauty also needs to go through such a process. We need a basis for understanding before we can understand at this level. Different self-consciousness will have different feelings about beauty. The aesthetic feeling based on individual consciousness is the most important and only correct. The feeling of beauty is never the same, because we have different self-awareness; But beauty can be connected, because we are also part of the overall consciousness. The definition of beauty lies in the feeling, understanding and imagination of beauty. Beauty is an internal part of our consciousness and is based on the overall direction of consciousness.

The definition of beauty is a historical process, because beauty is no stranger to any conscious person, but it always seems impossible to find an exact answer to what is beauty. The idea of defining beauty seems to be more attractive than the aesthetic process, just as human beings have a stronger desire to see God than to believe in God, but this desire has never been realized and has been forgotten. But beauty is not so, because we all realize the existence of beauty, but we are not as vague as God, and our feelings about beauty are as real as the snow on Kilimanjaro. The following will describe some history of beauty and see how different consciousness understands beauty.

Let's first understand the understanding of beauty in ancient Greek philosophy. Plato's aesthetics, like his philosophy, is based on idealism, and the concept of beauty (existence) is the only and fundamental reason why the concrete thing of beauty (perceptual existence) is beautiful. It is affirmed that harmony is the basic feature of beauty, not only art, but all reasonable, perfect and beautiful things, like music, have reached the harmony of various internal tendencies and strengths. This kind of harmony, as a category of beauty, was put forward by Pythagoras, who believed that beauty was the harmony formed by a certain number of relationships. For example, music is composed of various tones, and these tones are directly related to the number of different pronunciation styles. The whole universe makes people feel beautiful, isn't it because of the great harmony formed by unevenness, where the sun, moon and all celestial bodies are bright and dark?

Another Greek rhetorician, Ron Girnus (2 13-273), put forward another aesthetic category-sublime. "On the Sublime" "From the beginning of life, nature has poured an insurmountable and eternal love into our human hearts, that is, love for everything that is truly great and more sacred than ourselves." It is believed that art should have a lofty style and the author should have a "great mind". Sublime is just "the echo of a great mind". Noble thoughts certainly belong to noble hearts. Sublime is the realm of man's surpassing himself, and sublime is the gift of nature. In The Root of Lofty and Beauty, the Englishman Bok thinks that "when an object touches our senses with beauty and makes us feel satisfied rather than possessed, we are immersed in the enjoyment of true beauty; When an object reminds us of danger and pain, but it is not really threatened by danger and pain, we experience lofty feelings. " It is pointed out that sublimity does not belong to beauty, but is a category juxtaposed with beauty.

Descartes put forward the famous proposition of "I think, therefore I am" in Meditations on the First Philosophy, arguing that "beauty and pleasure are only a relationship between our judgment and the object". Hume believes that the decisive thing for beauty lies in "the original structure of human nature", "custom" or "accidental mood", and aesthetic activities "render all natural things with colors borrowed from mood". In On Science and Art, Rousseau believes that with the rise of science and art, human beings have lost "that kind of natural free emotion" and should return to natural emotion. Baum Tong Jia proposed to establish a discipline specialized in perceptual knowledge, which was called "[Aesthetics]", and thought that beauty was "the perfection of perceptual knowledge itself".

Kant's Critique of Judgment holds that aesthetic judgment is "the judgment of an object or its expression based on the happiness and unhappiness of completely unrelated ideas" and "the only unique happiness of freedom without considering interests". It is emphasized that the essence of artistic creation lies in the freedom of will, but it is not unrestrained, but based on the inevitability of nature. Fichte founded a philosophical system centered on "ego", which is the only reality, and everything exists in and through the ego.

Hegel's aesthetics holds that "beauty is the perceptual manifestation of an idea" and that "the harmony between an idea and itself in objective existence constitutes the essence of beauty". Natural beauty is the product of concept development to natural stage, artistic beauty is the product of concept development to spiritual stage, and artistic beauty is higher than natural beauty. Only through the concept of mind can art become truly true and show, and can it have a free and infinite form. The scope of aesthetics lies in artistic beauty, not natural beauty. The transformation of art from symbolism, classicism to romanticism is a free and infinite concept, which requires breaking through the shackles of all material forms and returning to itself. In painting, music and poetry, material factors are weakened to the minimum, and the spirit can be expressed more freely.

Chernyshevski put forward the definition of "beauty is life" in the aesthetic relationship between art and reality, insisting that both beauty and art come from real life, emphasizing that the beauty of reality is higher than the beauty of art, and opposing the pure art theory. Art reproduces the reality of life and is a substitute for life. Santayana defined beauty in Beauty: beauty is a positive, intrinsic and objective value. In Aesthetics Towards Science, Monroe pointed out that "aesthetics, as an empirical science, mainly has two research fields: artistic works and human activities related to artistic works".

From the simple list above, we can know that the definition of beauty is also two tendencies, namely materialism and idealism. In fact, beauty itself does not lie in the difference between the two. Beauty is an internal part of consciousness, aesthetic feeling is the feeling of consciousness to beauty, and material is more the object of aesthetics. Aesthetics only studies the consciousness mechanism of beauty, not the field of beauty. Beauty is harmonious in Pythagoras and Plato, sublime in Lang Girnus and Bok, free in Kant and Hegel, objective or realistic in Chernyshevski and Santayana. Because different consciousness observes the angle of beauty existence, their understanding of beauty is different, and this difference is only one reason why beauty is beautiful.

Here we are not going to define beauty as nature, freedom, sublimity or harmony, because beauty is a conscious phenomenon, which is different based on free consciousness. Therefore, the definition of beauty is an unrealistic topic, but we can be sure that freedom, loftiness and harmony are the internal elements of beauty, and all the elements are based on the spirit of nature or consciousness. Freedom is based on consciousness itself, sublimity is based on consciousness transcendence, and harmony is based on consciousness purpose. The significance of beauty to us lies not only in the definition, but also in our understanding of beauty, which makes our life better in a sense.

Characteristics of beauty

The characteristics of beauty refer to the characteristics and character of beauty. The characteristics of beauty mainly include

① objective sociality. In other words, beauty is both objective and social. It is not only an objective existence independent of people's subjective will, but also a purely natural thing divorced from people's social life.

② Individual visualization. In other words, all aesthetic objects must be individual, concrete and vivid, and people can directly feel them through a series of aesthetic psychological activities such as feeling, perception and intuition, otherwise they will not be able to enter the aesthetic field of people.

③ infectivity. In other words, beauty has attractive charm. As the product of practice, beautiful things accumulate people's personality, wisdom, talent, ideals and emotions. Therefore, in the aesthetic process, the emotion of the aesthetic subject and the ideal society are integrated with the aesthetic object, causing emotional fluctuation or strong emotional expansion. This is the essence of infection.

④ Social utility. Beauty has both non-utilitarian and super-utilitarian side and social utilitarian side. Judging from the instantaneous psychological characteristics of individual aesthetic feeling, it is non-utilitarian or super-utilitarian; Judging from the content of beauty, it is also utilitarian, hidden and tortuous, and is often not perceived by the aesthetic subject.