What should the patient eat after the operation?

Today, let's talk about nutritional support in the recovery period after surgery.

Before the operation, I couldn't sleep because of psychological pressure, or because I was sick, I couldn't eat or drink, or I couldn't eat, and I owed some nutrition to some extent. After the operation, the body needs to repair the surgical trauma and make up for the debts before the operation. Adequate nutrition is very important. Especially after major surgery, the quality of nutrition is very important for postoperative rehabilitation and has a great influence on the quality of life in the future.

Many patients will face dietary problems after operation. What can I eat after the operation? What should I eat? How to eat? When to eat? ......

Importance of postoperative nutrition

Surgery is not as simple as a wound. Surgery is a traumatic treatment, regardless of the size of the operation, it will cause trauma to the body. Trauma can cause a chain reaction of nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, immune system and other systems, leading to changes in metabolic process. Metabolic changes are very complicated, but as long as everyone knows one thing, that is, the consumption of nutrients in the body increases after surgery, and the decomposition process is greater than the synthesis process, and the bigger the surgery, the more obvious it is. Many people in the family have experienced major surgery, and they all have the experience that their weight has dropped significantly after major surgery. This kind of weight loss is not only fat loss, but also muscle atrophy, so patients will feel tired and weak.

The purpose of postoperative nutrition is to reduce the high decomposition state and the consumption of nutrients, especially muscles, so as to improve the immunity, physical strength and quality of life of patients. A large number of documents have confirmed that adequate postoperative nutrition can reduce postoperative infection, promote wound healing, stimulate appetite, enhance physical strength, reduce sleep disorders and greatly improve postoperative quality of life. This effect can last for one or two years. However, excessive nutritional supplements will increase the burden on the body.

There is no need for major repair after routine minor surgery.

Some operations do little harm to the body, such as simple thyroidectomy and mastectomy. After the operation, you can start eating under anesthesia. In this case, you don't need extra nutritional support, just eat normally.

Because the surgical trauma is small and it heals quickly, it has little impact on the body's metabolism, and the daily diet can also cope. If you eat big fish and big meat, there is no benefit except growing whole body meat. The weight-loss clinic has encountered several minor operations and gained weight, just making up for it. Many patients' families think that although the operation is small, it needs to be supplemented. There are all kinds of nourishing nutrition and big fish and big meat. But in fact, this is often counterproductive, and it is easy to cause overnutrition, which leads to an increase in blood sugar and blood lipid, which is not conducive to health and wound recovery.

You should eat this way after oral, throat and digestive tract surgery.

After oral, throat and digestive tract surgery, you can't eat for a while. At this time, the doctor will inject enteral nutrient solution into the digestive tract through the nutrient tube placed in the nose, or inject intravenous nutrient solution through intravenous hanging water. These things are done by doctors and nurses, and we don't need to worry about them. What we should pay attention to is how to eat after we begin to regain consciousness.

When I first resumed my diet, I usually ate liquid, that is, soup and water. The first liquid to eat is rice soup. If there is no discomfort, drink vegetable soup, broth, milk, juice and so on. Step by step, according to the doctor's advice, porridge, noodles and soft rice can be made soft and rotten, such as fish balls, meatballs, chopped vegetable powder, stewed eggs and mashed vegetables. But remember, don't be too greasy. Especially after digestive tract surgery, the digestive ability is weak, and too greasy food is easy to cause diarrhea. Don't add extra sugar, which will easily cause blood sugar to rise, which is not good for wound healing.

You should eat like this after major surgery.

After major surgery, the body is in a state of catabolism and hypermetabolism, and its weight will drop to varying degrees, so it needs to be supplemented with more nutrition. However, due to surgical trauma, patients often lose appetite. At this time, you need to eat foods that are easy to digest and have high nutritional density.

First of all, we must ensure enough calories, which is the basis of postoperative nutritional support. 50~60% of the total calories should be provided by carbohydrates, which is what we call staple food. Because of the weak digestive function after operation, it is generally not recommended to eat too much coarse grains, or mainly refined rice noodles. Fat should not be too much to avoid indigestion.

Secondly, we should ensure adequate vitamins and protein. After major surgery, the consumption of vitamins is much higher than usual, and the demand in protein is also higher than usual. So these two nutrients must be indispensable.

Finally, in order to adapt to the weak circulatory system after operation, food should be easily digested.

In order to meet these three conditions, we can eat like this:

The staple food is mainly rice, noodles, steamed bread and bread, providing enough carbohydrates. But no extra sugar. Make sure you have fresh vegetables for every meal and eat a little fruit every day. Because the digestive system has not fully recovered, vegetables need to be cooked more carefully and choose vegetables with less dietary fiber. The amount of vegetables and fruits may not reach the usual amount, so extra vitamins can be added. Protein should have plenty of food, and choose varieties with low fat and high protein for easy digestion. Milk, yogurt, eggs, fish and shrimp, and lean meat are all good choices. It is not recommended to eat soft-shelled turtle, which has no special nutritional value. On the contrary, because of its high collagen content, it is not particularly easy to digest and its absorption and utilization rate is not very high. Eating vegetables is better than drinking soup.

This article has a separate chapter, because in practical work, I have seen too many cases of drinking soup and hyperlipidemia, and the nutrition is not done well.

In traditional eating habits, soup is considered as the essence of food and is very nutritious. In fact, this idea is wrong. Soup, especially fish soup, is mostly fat, salt and purine, but these are not good for postoperative rehabilitation, or even bad. Drinking too much soup will lead to an increase in blood lipids, which will indirectly lead to an increase in blood sugar. Too much salt is not conducive to the control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but also causes water and sodium retention and aggravates edema. After major surgery, protein decomposition will increase and endogenous uric acid will increase. If you drink too much purine in thick soup, it will cause an acute attack of gout.

Because of the low solubility of protein, the content of protein in soup is actually very limited. Protein who drinks a bowl of soup is not worth eating a piece of meat. Therefore, I suggest you drink less soup and don't forget to eat the fish and meat in the soup.

There is generally no need to avoid eating after surgery.

China is a country that pays great attention to diet. The advantage is that it is delicious, and the disadvantage is that there are many inexplicable taboos. Different regions have different eating habits and taboos. In our area, eggs, geese, seafood and so on. After operation, it is considered to be the so-called "hair", which will lead to the recurrence of the disease. There are many taboos for tumor patients after operation. Not only can they not eat hair, but even fish, shrimp and meat. They are afraid that eating them will give tumor cells too much nutrition and cause tumor recurrence and metastasis. Due to malnutrition caused by taboos, Duff treats more than ten or twenty cases every year.

In fact, there is no taboo food after surgery. Food that can be eaten before the operation can also be eaten after the operation. There is no basis for the theory of hair growth. Supplementing nutrition through digestive tract will not promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. On the contrary, malnutrition caused by taboo will lead to low immunity, infection and fatigue, which is not conducive to the treatment of diseases.