Changchun edition Chinese courseware for fourth grade volume 1: "Fishing for the Iron Ox"

Chapter 1

Design concept:

Based on reading, understanding while reading, and insights while reading, supplemented by multimedia courseware (or wall charts) demonstrations, and The learning methods of group cooperation and inquiry guide students to combine practice and gain insights while reading.

Teaching objectives:

1. Read the full text emotionally, understand how monk Huai Bing used the buoyancy of water to salvage the iron ox, and feel the wisdom of the working people in ancient my country. Education Students love science and use science,

2. Practice grasping the main content of the text.

Teaching focus:

1. Understand how monk Huai Bing used the buoyancy of water to disturb Tieniu.

2. Practice grasping the main content of the text.

Teaching preparation:

1. Materials required for demonstration: glass jar, round-mouth bottle filled with stones, wooden ruler, cotton thread, iron block.

2. Overlay slide.

Teaching process

1. Introduce the topic and question and stimulate interest.

Students, the text we are going to learn today is - "Fishing for Iron Bull". Read the topic together. After you read the topic, do you have any questions? (Why fish for the iron cow? What are the difficulties in fishing for the iron cow? How to fish for the iron cow? Has the iron cow been fished out?)

2. Read the text thoroughly, gain an overall perception, and understand the narrative sequence of the text.

1. Students read the text freely and softly.

2. Ask one student to read each natural paragraph. During the reading, the teacher took the camera to guide the pronunciation of the characters "Song, Shuan, Shang, Sheng, and Zhang". Emphasis is placed on the pronunciation of "tether, qian, trap, and shovel", and "qian" is pronounced as a sinus. "Song, Shang, Sheng, Biao" are post-nasal sounds. "Shang" in "monk" is pronounced softly.

3. Understand the narrative sequence of the text.

(1) What should be the focus of the topic?

(2) Read silently and find out the part that describes the process of fishing for the iron cow. (The third to sixth paragraphs of the text)

(3) It can be seen that the text can be divided into several parts? (Three parts)

(4) If the process of fishing for iron oxen is divided into two parts: "preparation" and "fishing out each iron ox", how many parts can the text be divided into? (Four Parts) Next, we will further study the text according to these four parts.

3. Study deeply and understand the first part of the text.

1. Read the first part and use your own words to explain why you want to fish for Iron Bull? (Because the eight iron oxen are used to tie the pontoon bridge, if the river breaks the pontoon bridge, the iron oxen will be washed away and sink into the mud. To repair the pontoon bridge, the iron oxen must be fished out.)

　2 .Compare sentences: The river broke through the pontoon bridge, and the iron cow was washed away and sank into the mud.

When the river broke through the pontoon bridge, the iron cattle were washed away and sank into the mud.

What is the difference between the two sentences if "Ye" is replaced by "Du"?

In just one sentence, "ye" or "du" can be used, and the meaning is clear. But in terms of connecting the text and the story, the two words have different functions. "Ye" echoes the above meaning. If you use "du" instead of "ye", this sentence will just talk about the fact that the iron ox was washed away.

3. How bulky is the Iron Ox? According to records, the lightest Yellow River Iron Ox weighed 26.1 tons and the heaviest weighed 45.1 tons. Were there any salvage tools in the Song Dynasty more than a thousand years ago? (No) Is there a scientific and simple way to salvage it? (No) It can be seen how difficult it is to salvage these eight big iron oxen!

4. Guide to read the sentence: "People are talking a lot." Understand "there are a lot of discussions"

5. Guide to read the sentence: "Let me try. The iron ox is washed by water. If they leave, I will ask the water to bring them back.” The students explained their understanding of this sentence according to the context.

When people were talking a lot, Huai Bing stood up and spoke. What did you hear from his words?

——He was confident at the time, so he took the initiative to salvage Tieniu.

——He is an open-minded person. He is clearly confident, but he still says "give it a try."

6. Comparative sentences: Let me try. The iron cows were washed away by the water, and I asked the water to bring them back.

Let me try. The iron cows were washed away by the water. I want to ask the water to bring them back.

What does it mean to replace "return" with "want"? different?

"Huan" is often used to talk about the same situation and has the function of indicating the continuation of the phenomenon. Huai Bing's words are all about water. It was the water that washed away the iron ox, and it was the water that brought the iron ox back. It's natural to use "huan". If "want" is used, it does not necessarily mean to continue.

7. Read the first part again. Student review.

4. Study the second part: Preparations for fishing for iron cows.

1. Through self-reading, students already know why people fish for iron cows. Now let’s solve the second question raised by the students: How to fish for iron cows? Let’s first take a look at what preparations Monk Huai Bing made to fish for the iron ox. Please read the third natural paragraph freely and draw the words that represent the order of fishing for the iron ox. (First...then...then...and...)

2. Students read aloud freely and circle the key points.

3. Teachers and students communicated and summarized the key points: (1) Find out the location where Tieniu sank; (2) Prepare two large boats filled with sand and sand; (3) Tie the two boats tightly , build a frame across the ship; (4) The two ends of the iron ox and the wooden frame are connected with ropes.

4. Use overlay projection to reproduce the preparations this time, and then ask students to briefly recount the preparations in order. (Use "first...then...then...and...) Teacher and student comments.

5. After reading this part, who can summarize the main content of this part in one sentence? ( Monk Huai Bing has made full preparations for fishing for iron cows.)

Summary: Read carefully, understand the content, and then summarize it in relatively concise language. This is a reading method we need to master today. .

5. Study the third part

Students are asked to study this part by themselves, and they are required to read carefully and think about: (show the projection questions)

1. What power did Monk Huai Bing use to pick up the iron ox?

2. Think about the relationship between the dotted words. Can you use any related words to connect them?

3. , students study and discuss freely.

4. Teacher-student exchanges

(1) What force did Monk Huai Bing use to pick up the iron ox? Say the key sentence: "The boat relied on the buoyancy of the water to pull the iron cow up from the mud bit by bit. ”

Watch a demonstration about “the buoyancy of water”: fill a glass tank with more than half of the water, a round-mouthed bottle filled with stones, and a wooden ruler on the mouth of the tank. Tie cotton threads at both ends, hang an iron block under the thread, and sink it to the bottom of the jar. The teacher takes out the stones from the round-mouthed bottle one by one and asks the students to observe what will happen (Why does the iron block at the bottom of the jar grow upward? ) Draw the conclusion through observation and communication:

(2) Communication: Bring out the relationship between the words

① Students read this passage. /p>

② Add some words: "The sediment is reduced...the hull floats upwards...the rope becomes tighter and tighter...pull the iron ox upwards". Related words can be used between these words: because...so .... (Because the sediment is reduced, the hull floats upward; because the hull floats upward, the rope becomes tighter and tighter; because the rope becomes tighter and tighter, the Iron Ox is pulled upward.)

3. Guide the reading of the fourth natural paragraph, emphasizing that some words express the causal relationship between things. These words should be read clearly, including the two words "slowly" and "tighter and tighter". Read it to taste.

4. Read the fifth paragraph.

(4) Guide. Question: Why wasn’t Tieniu put on the boat and pulled back? (Tie Niu was too heavy to be pulled onto the boat; even if it was pulled onto the boat, it was too heavy to be rowed to the shore: Monk Huai Bing used the buoyancy of the water to pull it back. Putting the iron ox back in the water can save effort)

(5) What a smart monk! Read the fourth and fifth paragraphs.

5. Read the sixth natural paragraph.

(1) Students read.

(2) Who can summarize the main content of this part based on this natural paragraph and combined with the content of the first two natural paragraphs? (Monk Huai Bing used the buoyancy of the water to drag eight heavy iron oxen back from the mud.)

Summary: The students read the text paragraph by paragraph and understood the content. They should summarize this part of the main content. This is a great way to learn.

6. Study the fourth part of the text.

1. Students read the last natural paragraph.

2. Teacher-student exchange: What is the main content of this paragraph?

7. Review the full text and summarize the main content of the text.

1. This text can be divided into several parts. What does each part talk about? (Can be divided into four parts: (1) Tieniu got stuck in the mud, and Monk Huai Bing said he had a way to fish it out. (2) Monk Huai Bing made preparations to fish Tieniu. (3) Monk Huai Bing used the buoyancy of water Fished out eight iron oxen. (4) Monk Huai Bing is an excellent engineer)

2. Connect each part and talk about the main content of this text. Practice speaking with classmates and communicate with the whole class. (The iron oxen used to tie the pontoon bridge got stuck in the mud. Monk Huai Bing used the buoyancy of the water to fish out the eight iron oxen. He is indeed an outstanding engineer.)

8. Extended extracurricular activities.

1. Monk Huai Bing is an excellent engineer, and his method of salvaging iron oxen is indeed good. However, it takes two boatloads of sand to salvage one iron oxen, and 16 boatloads of sand to salvage eight iron oxen. From a modern environmental point of view, are there any problems with sediment? (Shoveling sediment into the Yellow River will block the waterway and pollute the river water.) Think about it, is there any way to fish out the iron cow and pay attention to environmental protection?

2. Students discuss and communicate, and teachers guide innovation. (In fact, only four boats can solve the problem. First, row the two large boats filled with sand to the place where the Iron Ox sank, set up a frame, tie the Iron Ox, and then let the other two empty boats dock separately. On the two front sides, let the sailors shovel the sand into the empty boats, and then drag the iron ox to the shore. Then, use the two boats filled with sand to tie the second iron ox, and wait for the two boats in front to handle it. After the iron oxen were brought back, they would lean against the two boats and shovel the sand onto the two boats. By doing this seven times, all eight iron oxen could be fished out without going to the Yellow River.

3. Is there any other way to salvage the sunken objects from the water now? Combine the information that students have reviewed and exchange the knowledge they have learned. Or the teacher can introduce appropriately what kinds of salvage methods there are in modern times. (Buoy salvage, floating crane salvage, mixed salvage and disintegration salvage)

9. Writing on the blackboard

Fishing for Tieniu

Huai Bing is smart, amazing and humble

Diving for cattle

Preparation for loading sand onto the boat

Tying the boat and setting up the frame

Scientific achievements of tying cattle and driving together

Shoveling sand and disembarking, buoyancy, people's wisdom

Salvage work, dragging cattle to shore

Pulling cattle to shore

10. Arrangement of operations

Choose to do : Do you have any other good ways to catch Tieniu? (It can be completed through discussion and cooperation with classmates)

Chapter 2

Teaching objectives:

1. Guide students to understand the text and understand how monk Huai Bing uses water By using the buoyancy of the iron ox to salvage, you can feel the wisdom of the working people in ancient my country and receive an education in loving science and using science.

2. Guide students to read the text and understand how the key paragraphs of the text express their meaning clearly.

Teaching preparation: multimedia, let students search for information. If you want to salvage these eight iron bulls now, what can you do?

Teaching process:

1. Make the conversation exciting and introduce new lessons.

Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has been a smart, hard-working and brave nation, praised by people around the world. We already know that Zhang Heng, Li Shizhen, Mao Yisheng and others have made significant contributions to mankind. Yesterday, we learned a historical story that happened in the Song Dynasty, and roughly understood the deeds of Huai Bing, an outstanding engineer at that time. Today we continue to study Lesson 10 "Fishing the Iron Ox" and see how Huai Bing fished out the Iron Ox.

2. First reading of the text, overall perception.

1. Students read the text to themselves and talk about what is the main content of the text? Say it by name.

2. Summary: This text mainly talks about monk Huai Bing using the buoyancy of water to salvage the iron ox that was stuck in the mud at the bottom of the river. Let’s talk about the reasons for fishing for iron cows first; then we’ll talk about the preparations; and finally we’ll talk about how to fish for iron cows.

3. Guidance in learning, guidance and doubts.

(1) Study the first and second paragraphs.

1. Read the first paragraph by name and let students think while listening: Why should we fish for the iron cow?

Written on the blackboard: The flood rushes the bull

2. Instruction: Is it easy to pick up these eight iron bulls? Where can I tell? Say it by name.

According to documents, each iron bull weighs between 40,000 and 50,000 kilograms, so read it with emotion.

3. Guide students to understand that "people are talking a lot." What does "people are talking a lot" mean? Imagine what they were talking about?

4. While people were talking a lot, a monk appeared. What did he say? Can you find this sentence from the text? Use "——" to mark it out.

5. What can be seen from this sentence? (The monk has a way to catch the iron ox, and this method is related to water)

Writing on the blackboard: Call for water to send the ox

6. Guided reading: Everyone was talking about it, but they were helpless. What they saw was the harm of water, but what Huai Bing saw was the great power of utilizing water. This unique idea reflected his outstanding wisdom. Read this sentence together to appreciate his confidence and wisdom, and read it with a confident tone.

(2) Study the third natural paragraph.

Transition: Each iron ox weighs ten thousand kilograms. It is not an easy task to fish out all eight iron oxen. Huai Bing made four preparations for this.

1. Please read the second paragraph silently and look for 4 preparations? Speak in your own words. (First step, second step, etc. or first, then, etc.)

2. Look at how the text is written, read it, and use words that indicate the order of these four preparations. \\"△\\\" Mark (check and implement, name and say.)

3. Discussion:

What four preparations did the monk do?

What is the first preparation? (First let students speak briefly in their own words, and then guide students to summarize this preparation in four words.)

Blackboard writing: Diving to touch a cow

The other three preparations What is the job like? Can you sum it up in four words? (First let the students study together in four groups, and then communicate with the whole class)

Writing on the blackboard: loading sand into a big boat

Merging boats to set up frames

Tie the cow with a thick rope

3. Huai Bing made four preparations. Why did he do this?

4. Boys and girls take turns reading the third natural paragraph, one sentence for you and one sentence for me.

5. Summary: Looking back at the four preparations, we feel that the four preparations have been done seriously and thoughtfully, and the preparations have been excellent.

(3) Study the 4th to 6th natural paragraphs.

1. Read paragraphs 4 to 6 freely and think about: How did Monk Huai Bing fish up the first iron ox?

2. First ask the students to speak and see how the text clearly describes this process. While listening, other students use \\\"...\\\" to represent sediment and ship hull. Mark out the words that change during the shoveling process of sand, rope, and iron ox.

3. The courseware demonstrates the process of fishing for an iron ox, allowing students to fully understand that Huai Bing used the buoyancy of water to pull the iron ox out of the mud.

4. Read this paragraph aloud as a group and think about: What is the main content of this natural paragraph? Please summarize it in four words.

Writing on the blackboard: Shoveling sand and pulling out the ox

5. Think and discuss: Why did the monk not rush to get the iron ox on the boat, but first let the sailors row hard to drag the iron ox back? On the shore, let everyone drag the cattle ashore. Say it by name.

6. What is the main thing to write in this natural paragraph of thinking and discussion? Summarize them in four words.

Writing on the blackboard: Rowing a boat to drag the cow, everyone dragging the cow

7. How many times did Huai Bing use the buoyancy of water? He was able to fish out Tieniu. Which word should he focus on?

Transitional language: The monk just picked up one iron ox. Are there seven more iron oxen? Where is it written? Why not write specifically? (Detailed writing and abbreviation)

7. Read the sixth natural paragraph together.

4. Expand improvement and encourage innovation

1. Huai Bing was an outstanding engineer at the time. His method of salvaging iron was indeed good, but he needed a shovel to salvage an iron ox. If two boatloads of sediment are dumped to catch eight iron oxen, 16 boatloads of sediment will have to be shoveled into the Yellow River. Do you think there is a problem?

(Students discussed and expressed their opinions extensively, and the teacher summarized: ① pollutes the river water ② may cause blockage of waterways ③ wastes sediment ④ is inconvenient and not fast)

2. Then at that time Depending on the level of conditions, have you thought of an improved method that can not only fish for iron cows, but also be environmentally friendly and convenient?

(Group discussion again, each expressing his or her own opinion: ① Prepare four large boats, and put them into two parallel boats to set up the frame. ② Put the sediment into big sacks and load them into the two parallel boats. ③ The sailors only need to put Move the big bags filled with sediment to the other two boats. ④ Drag the iron ox back to the shore. ⑤ The eight large iron oxen can be recovered quickly.

If you want to salvage these eight iron bulls now, what can you do?

(Combined with the information reviewed and collected before class, and the exchange report. The teacher can also introduce several modern salvage methods appropriately, such as: buoy salvage, floating crane salvage, mixed salvage and disintegration salvage, etc.)

5. Summarize, talk, and encourage continuous thinking and innovation.

1. "The iron cows were washed away by the water, and I asked the water to bring them back." Through the study just now, do you have a new understanding of this sentence?

Tips:

The flood washed away the iron ox and destroyed the pontoon. Is the water hateful? Monk Huai Bing saw the harm that water brings to people from this field.

What does "I asked the water to bring them back" actually mean? Monk Huai Bing saw the beneficial side of water. How many times does he take advantage of the buoyancy of water?

(He sees both the harmful side and the beneficial side of water, which shows that he can see the problem in two and has a scientific attitude.)

2 , do you think it is the power of water or the power of people? What does it mean? (Water is powerful, and people are smart and can use water. From this perspective, people are more powerful. It shows that the working people in ancient my country had extraordinary wisdom and talents.)

3. Discussion: You What do you think of Monk Huai Bing? How would you rate him? What inspiration did you get from him?

6. Read the text aloud.