What is Liu Xiahui? Tell me this story ... Haha,

Rejecting the ambition of adulterers-Liu Xiahui's moral integrity

(also known as Liu), surnamed Zhan, named Huo, is a man. Yu Zhan is nothing to be afraid of. The bird officer obeys the judge (the officer in charge of the prison). Because of his official integrity and strict law enforcement, he abandoned his official position and lived in Liuxia (now Liutun, Puyang County). After his death, he was named "Hui", so he was called.

In old novels, the allusions of "Liu Xiahui's meditation" are often quoted to praise people's virtues. According to legend, on a cold night, Liu Xiahui lived in Guomen, and a homeless woman came to stay. Liu Xiahui was afraid that she would freeze to death, so she sat in her arms, unbuttoned her coat and sat with her all night without molestation. Therefore, Liu Xiahui is called a "sit-in" gentleman. It is also said that one summer, when the war broke out to visit friends and relatives, they met with heavy rain on the way and went straight to the ancient temple in the suburbs for temporary shelter. However, as soon as he stepped into the threshold, he saw a naked woman twisting clothes inside, and the war rushed out and stood under the ancient locust tree, letting the rain pour down. The women in the temple found them hiding behind the door, busy wetting their clothes. This story is a much-told story, so it has the reputation of "sitting with your arms around".

Liu Xiahui's "sitting with arms around" is still a trivial matter. There are many men or women sitting with your arms in history, but the ancients flaunted Liu Xiahui, so we don't need to cite other people's examples. Sitting with arms folded is not the highest state of Liu Xiahui. His highest side is here:

Liu Xiahui is a judge. People say: Can I go? Say: how can you go straight and convince people, but not three times? Why do you have to go to your parents' land to convince people to abandon their ways?

As a judge, Liu Xiahui is equivalent to an official in charge of criminal law, and can hardly be compared with the modern Minister of Justice or the President of the Supreme Court. He came to power three times and was dismissed from office three times, so someone said to him, why must your husband work in Shandong and go abroad! If your own country doesn't want you, why do you do it? You may have a better position in other countries. Liu Xiahui replied that a person is straight all his life, thinking, acting and doing things completely straight. If he takes the straight road to be a subordinate of others, he will have problems, suffer losses and be squeezed in any country and society. If you use distorted thoughts and means to gain status, take pride in fame and fortune, and don't really want to serve the country and society, then why leave your parents' motherland? The ancestors are here, and they can still do things. In other words, in any society, it is equally difficult to go anywhere. Never go the wrong way, but take the right one. Liu Xiahui's personality is here. In order to carry out the thought of personality, to carry forward traditional culture, to serve people with the right path, to stand in the world with the right path, and to be desperate for fame and fortune, that is a foreign matter, and I don't care. This is his personality. Write down his story first, and Confucius will mention him later.

Why put Liu Xiahui after Wei Zilu, Ji Zi and Bigan? Liu Xiahui did not come from the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, but from Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He may be a little earlier and a few years older than Confucius, but he is already a world-famous figure. Here, let's record his story first. Liu Xiahui's words also explain the first three people. Therefore, China's ancient prose, such as the articles in The Analects of Confucius, seems to be all legal provisions, one by one, which seems to be unrelated. In fact, after careful reading, it is a very long article, which is very well connected. In other words, Wei Zi, Ji Zi, Bigan, and some who are willing to die are willing to die, such as Bigan; Being kicked out and leaving, such as a child; If you are a slave, you will become a slave, such as Ji Zi. Why don't they turn the corner? A slight change in attitude, flattery, will also make good use of them, not to mention that they are royalty. But why don't they do it? This shows that personality is important in principle, whether an individual is a human being or an ordinary person in a national society. On the other hand, if you serve people for nothing, you can do it anywhere. If you insist on serving people in the right way and in an upright way, why do you leave? Therefore, quoting Liu Xiahui's words is tantamount to making a note for the above three people. This is the editing method of The Analects.

(720 BC-6265438 BC +0), whose real name was Zhan, was a famous birdman in the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. "Liu Xiahui" is his food city and "Hui" is his posthumous title, so people later called him "Liu Xiahui". It is said that he is also called Ji, so he is sometimes called Liu [1]. He worked as a doctor in Lu, and later retired as a "citizen" [2]. Liu Xiahui is regarded as a model of abiding by China's traditional morality, and his "sit-in" story is widely celebrated in China. Mencius said that "Liu Xiahui was also in harmony with saints", so he was also called "in harmony with saints". China is also the ancestor of Liu.

Although Liu Xiahui was called a saint by Mencius, there are few records about his life in history books. These records are scattered in the pre-Qin ancient books such as Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, etc. Some records have a clear time, while others are closer to an evaluation of him.

In The Analects of Confucius, which mainly records Confucius' words and deeds, Liu Xiahui is regarded as a man of noble character. Confucius said in The Analects: "Zang Wenzhong and his usurper? Know the sages of Liu Xiahui, but don't stand with them. " Complaining that Liu Xiahui was not appointed. Later, Liu Xiahui became a "judge" (an official in charge of prisons), but he was dismissed three times after taking office. People advised him to leave, but he said, "Why not come straight and serve others?" Why do you go to your parents' country when you are working for others? "He thinks that if you treat people with sincerity, you will be excluded everywhere, but if you treat people with crooked ways, you can do it anywhere, and there is no need to leave the motherland.

There are several clear records about Liu Xiahui's upright people in the history books. It is recorded in "On Mandarin and Lu Language" that in the summer of 26 years (before 63 1), Qi sent troops to crusade against Lu, and Zang Wenzhong asked how to choose words to make Qi withdraw. Liu Xiahui said: I heard that big countries set a good example for small countries, and small countries can prevent disasters if they serve big countries well; Now that Lu is arrogant as a small country and angered a big country, it is tantamount to asking for trouble. No matter how you phrase it, it's useless. To say this is tantamount to an outspoken criticism of Zang Zailu's ruling behavior.

Guoyu also recorded the story of Liu Xiahui criticizing Zang Wenzhong for offering sacrifices to seabirds. A seabird named Xianju stayed outside the east gate of the capital of Lu for several days. Zang Wenzhong asked people in Beijing to sacrifice. Liu Xiahui, however, said that Zang's state rule was simply out of order. Sacrifice is an important system of the country, and the system is the foundation of successful governance. Therefore, we should carefully formulate laws and regulations on sacrifice, and these systems should be based on the principle of sacred king sacrifice. The holy king only sacrifices people and things that have contributed to the people and the country, so Zhu, Houtu, Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao, Shun, Gun, Yu ... until Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang, they can be sacrificed by future generations; In addition, land, grains, mountain gods, sages and sages, the sun, moon and stars in the sky, the five elements on the ground, and the famous mountains, rivers and swamps in Kyushu should also be sacrificed. But seabirds "live" in Shandong, and they don't know why they fly, which doesn't necessarily mean that they have any merits for the people. So it is not a kind and wise move to decide to sacrifice them. Liu Xiahui guessed that seabirds came to avoid disaster, but it turned out that his guess was right. This incident not only shows Liu Xiahui's integrity as an official, but also shows his familiarity with the ritual system of the holy king, which is why he is valued by Confucianism.

Liu Xiahui chose "the straight road is for the people", and finally he had to be an official and become a "hermit". The Analects of Confucius records that Confucius' evaluation of Liu Xiahui is: "Those who lose their ambition are humiliated, and their words are reasonable and their actions are restrained." This means that compared with Boyi and Shu Qi, Liu Xiahui would rather starve to death than eat Zhou Su. Although he humiliated his identity, he can behave ethically and rationally. In Zuo Zhuan, Confucius also condemned Zang Wenzhong's resignation as one of the "three inhumanity" of Zang's ruling.

Mencius worshiped Liu Xiahui very much. In Mencius, Liu Xiahui, Boyi, Yi Yin and Confucius are called the four great saints. They think that he is not ashamed because the monarch is not wise, and he does not resign because of his humble position. People who are in high positions and do not forget to recommend talents are forgotten among the people and have no resentment; Don't worry when you are poor, you will feel very happy when you get along with rural people. He thinks he can get along with anyone without being adversely affected. Therefore, after hearing about Liu Xiahui's tolerance towards others, the original narrow-minded people will become tolerant and generous, and the original mean people will become honest and kind. Mencius believed that a saint like Liu Xiahui could be a "teacher of eternal life".

"Don't sit still."

The story of "sitting with open arms" is widely known in China, so Liu Xiahui is regarded as a model of observing traditional morality. Nowadays, people still use "Liu Xiahui" or "sitting still" to describe men's proper behavior on gender issues.

The phrase "Sit with your arms open" comes from Biography of Mao Heng in The Book of Songs Xiaoya Xiang Bo. When Mao Heng annotated Xiang Bo, he told a story: A man in Lu lived alone in one room, and his neighbor was a widow living alone in one room. One night, when the storm raged and the widow's house was destroyed, the woman came to the man and asked for shelter. Men don't let women in. The woman said to him from the window, "Why don't you let me in?" The man said, "I heard that men and women can't live together until they are 60." Now I'm young, and so are you. I can't let you in. "The woman said," Why don't you use your body to warm a woman who can't get in in the cold, just like Liu Xiahui, so others won't think he has indecent behavior. The man said, "Liu Xiahui can open the door, but I can't. Therefore, I want to learn from Liu Xiahui's "open the door" with my "not opening the door". "This story shows that in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty at the latest, there was a legend about Liu Xiahui sitting still, but it was a little vague.

In Yuan Dynasty, Hu Bingwen's "Pure Seeking" further enriched the details of "sit-in": Lu people and birds lived outside the city gate and made long-distance trips. It was cold at that time, and suddenly a woman came to stay. Liu Xiahui was afraid that she would freeze to death, so she sat in her arms and covered her with clothes. The ceremony was not held until dawn the next day. The story of Liu Xiahui sitting still circulated by later generations is roughly the same as this version.

Liu's ancestors

According to Yuan He's Compilation in the Tang Dynasty, "The son of Zhou Gongsun exhibited, and the grandson of the exhibition was not afraid. The word Wang's father was Zhan's, and the bird food was collected under the willow, so the surname was Liu. Lu destroyed the official Chu, Qin merged with the world, and Liu moved to Hedong, where he solved the problem. There was a Liu case at the end of Qin Dynasty, and Hui descendants also came. " It means that the descendant has a son "Zhan", and the grandson of the son Zhan takes the word of his grandfather as his surname, so he has the surname "Zhan"; Later, the exhibition birds took Liu Xia as their food city, so the descendants of the exhibition birds began to take Liu as their surname. After Qin annexed the vassal state, Liu moved to Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi) and later dispersed from Hedong to other places.

The compilation of Yuanhe surnames was based on the private surnames that existed at that time. It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, people surnamed Liu thought Liu Xiahui was their ancestor. Later, Hedong became the county magistrate of Liu. Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was a native of Hedong and was called "Liu Hedong".