Two articles from "Zhuangzi"

21? Two Chapters of "Zhuangzi"

1. Target Observation Tower

1. Read the selected passages repeatedly, develop a sense of literary language, and accumulate commonly used classical Chinese words and sentences formula to understand the content of the article.

2. Understand the image of Dapeng in the text.

3. Appreciate the magnificent imagination and witty arguments in the works of "Zhuangzi".

2. Micro-lecture live broadcast room

Background information

Zhuangzi, named Zhou, was a Mongolian native of the Song Dynasty, a philosopher during the Warring States Period, a representative of the Taoist school, and Laozi And called "Laozhuang".

"Zhuangzi" is a work by Zhuangzi and his successors. There are 33 existing chapters, including 7 internal chapters, 15 external chapters, and 11 miscellaneous chapters. "Zhuangzi" has fantastic imagination, ingenious conception, good use of allegories and metaphors, unrestrained writing style, and a romantic artistic style. It not only has high philosophical achievements, but also has a profound impact on the development of later literature. People comment on this book as "the philosophy of literature and the literature of philosophy." Mr. Lu Xun even commented: "His writing is as vast as the oceans and his manners are as diverse as those of other scholars in the late Zhou Dynasty."

Accumulation of new knowledge

1. The word "birth and difficulty"

鲲(kūn) migratory (xǐ) 抟(tuán) 南明(mínɡ)

濠(háo) liang? 馞(tiáo) fish

< p> 2. Tongjiazi

There are fishes in the North Ming: "Ming" is the same as "Ming", which means sea.

Its positive color is evil: "xie" is the same as "ye", and the modal particles are "ne" and "mo".

3. Definition of words

To fly in anger: to inspire, in the text it means to flap the wings vigorously.

Peng will move to Nanming: migration.

The person who breathes in June: noun, breath, here refers to the wind.

The son is not a fish, but he knows the joy of fish: how, how

The son does not know the joy of fish, that’s all: completely, definitely (that’s the case)

Please follow the source: Trace back

Now that I know what I know, ask me: Already

4. Different meanings in ancient and modern times

Nanming is also the Tianchi ( Ancient meaning: a naturally formed pool; modern meaning: the name of a mountain lake)

If so, that’s it (ancient meaning: like this; modern meaning: a verb, expressing judgment.)

The sea transport will migrate to Nanming (ancient meaning: turbulence of sea waves; modern meaning: ocean transportation.)

5. The word has multiple meanings

Those who breathe in June are also: Preposition, by virtue of.

To

To the creature. Breathing and blowing also: preposition, use.

There is a fish in the North Ming Dynasty, and its name is Kun: name.

Name

If the mountain is not high, if there are immortals, then the name is: famous.

The one who takes six months’ breath is also: relying on.

To

The living thing blows with its breath: use.

Its name is Kun: its.

I don’t know how many thousands of miles it is: it.

Is it righteous or evil? It is far away but extremely evil: it means choice.

It looks down upon it, and if so, that’s it: they.

I don’t know my son: Of course.

Gu

? Zi Gu is not a fish: originally.

? It is the joy of fish.

The son does not know the joy of fish: structural particle.

Since you already know what I know, you ask me: pronoun, for "the joy of fish".

/p>

Nan Ming is also Tianchi: the famous shape is natural

7. Classical Chinese sentence pattern

① Judgment sentence: "Qi Xie" is the person who knows the strange things. Also, there is tons and tons of teaching-related information! ...also", indicating judgment.)

②Inverted sentence: Go to those who breathe in June (the postposition of the prepositional phrase should be "Go to those who breathe in June".)

Text Study

Goal 1: Read the text, develop a sense of language, and understand the content of the article.

1. Combine the notes in the book, translate and read the text, and talk about what is said in the text. Which meanings?

Combining ideas and interpretation with annotations and reference books can increase accumulation, enhance the sense of language, and understand the main idea. Find out what the author writes first, what he writes next, and what he writes last, so as to clarify the structural level of the text.

Breakthrough in Understanding "There Are Fishes in the North Ming" has three levels of meaning. The first level, from the beginning to "its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky", describes the changes of the fish in the North Ming Dynasty from ? to: The weather is so grand that it is eye-popping. The second level, from "it is a bird" to "a living thing blows with its breath", quotes the words of "Qixie" to write about the momentum of the Dapeng's migration to Nanming: . On the third level, from "The Blue Sky" to the end, the author looks up to the sky, imagining the great roc overlooking the earth, expressing a kind of emotion.

2. Why does Zhuangzi so stubbornly believe that fish are happy?

To answer this question, in addition to understanding the text, you also need to understand Zhuangzi's thoughts - he pursues "the heaven and the earth are born with me, and all things are one with me"; compare Zhuangzi's thoughts with "fish" Combined with "children's happiness", you can understand the author's point of view.

Understanding and Breakthrough Zhuangzi’s belief that fish is “happy” is actually the projection and externalization of his state of mind. Because Zhuangzi originally respected nature, his heart was originally ?, and he looked at this issue from the perspective of ?.

(The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi is very clever. What’s so clever about it?)

Objective 2: Understand the image of Dapeng in the article.

3. What is the image of Dapeng? How does the author describe this image?

Think carefully and read the sentences in the article describing the shape, back, wings, range of activities, etc. of the Dapeng. Combined with common expression techniques, think about how the author describes the Dapeng. The characteristics of Dapeng are obvious. < /p>

? image. The characteristics of Dapeng can be seen in "Those who breathe in six months".

(How did Zhuangzi create the image of Kunpeng? What enlightenment does this fable give us?)

Goal 3: Appreciate the majestic imagination and wit in the works of "Zhuangzi" debate.

4. Please talk about the expression effect of the sentence "Peng's migration in Nanmingye, the water hits three thousand miles, and the force surges up ninety thousand miles".

To analyze the expressive effect of a sentence, that is, to appreciate this sentence, you need to find the correct angle of appreciation. We can appreciate this sentence from the perspective of expression techniques, summarize what the author wrote, and feel the image of Dapeng.

The sentence "Understanding Breakthrough" uses ? (expression technique) to describe the image and artistic conception of Dapeng, which has a strong artistic appeal.

(The artistic characteristics of "There Are Fishes in the North Dark".)

5. The majestic and magnificent imagination is the characteristic of "Zhuangzi". Please make a detailed analysis based on "Fish in the North Ming".

One of the characteristics of "Zhuangzi" is imagination, and the lesson "There Are Fishes in the North Dark" fully reflects this writing characteristic. When reciting, you can use image thinking to imagine the majestic and magnificent romantic scenes described by Zhuangzi.

A breakthrough in understanding In the article "There Are Fishes in the North Dark", the author uses his majestic imagination to create the grand image of Kunpeng. In the first three sentences, "?" appears repeatedly, trying to exaggerate the hugeness of Kunpeng; then it quotes "Qi Xie" and uses two extremely exaggerated numbers to show the majestic momentum of Dapeng's " Looking at the sky to imagine?, the artistic conception is broad and distant.

(Talk about the understanding of imagination in "There Are Fishes in the North Ming".)

6. What topic did Zhuangzi and Huizi debate around? What are their opinions and basis?

When debating ideas, both sides of the debate will always focus on a certain topic and persuade the other party with reason and evidence. Read the dialogue in the text carefully and translate it to find the topics, arguments and arguments to answer the questions.

Understanding the breakthrough topic of the debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi is: ?. Zhuangzi's point of view is: "?

? ", and his basis is: ?; Huizi's point of view is: , and his basis is: " ? ".

(Who is the winner in the debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi?)

Summary of important and difficult points

1. Clever use of fables, rich in philosophy. Zhuangzi uses the story of the roc to fly south with the power of the wind. It tells the story that the roc's flight is restricted by the wind, but it is still dependent on it. Therefore, the roc is still waiting for something, and it has not achieved true freedom. The image of reasoning has far-reaching implications. .

2. The contrast is sharp and the truth is clear. Those wandering air ("wild horses") and flying dust ("dust") in the mountains and wilderness, as well as a large amount of teaching-related information! The moving things ("creatures") in it are all moved by the wind. Compared with Kun and Peng, they are really too small, but to be able to move, they still need something to rely on, that is, something to "wait for". Obviously, they are not happy either.

3. Rich imagination and broad artistic conception. "Dapeng", "Wild Horse", and "Chen Moe" all show Zhuangzi's rich imagination. The imagination is magnificent, unrestrained, and full of ups and downs. They use vivid and vivid stories to illustrate that they all have something to look forward to and have not achieved what they have achieved. The truth of true freedom.

Class Overview

In the article "There Are Fishes in the North Dark", the author uses the roc to soar in the wind, and the phenomena of fog, dust and other floating phenomena illustrate that life as a body does not have absolute freedom It is impossible to exist; and the human spirit should be absolutely free, which expresses the author's pursuit of spiritual freedom. The existence of anything is dependent on certain conditions, and their activities are dependent on something.

The article "Zhuangzi and Huizi Swimming on Haoliang", through Zhuangzi and Huizi's debate around "the joy of fish", shows Zhuangzi's wit and ingenious debating style, and also shows Zhuangzi's The thought of "all things and I are one".

3. Wen Duan Training Ground

Read "There Are Fishes in the North Ming" and complete questions 1-3.

There is a fish in the North Ming Dynasty, and its name is Kun. The Kun is so big that I don't know how many thousands of miles it is. It turned into a bird, and its name was Peng. The Peng's back is thousands of miles away, and it flies in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It is a bird, and the sea will migrate to Nanming. Nan Ming is also Tianchi. Those who are "Qixie" are also those who are ambitious and strange. "Xie" says: "The Peng migrates to Nanming. The water hits it for three thousand miles, and it surges upward for ninety thousand miles. It goes to breathe in six months." Wild horses are also dust, and living things breathe. Phase blow also. The sky is blue, is it righteous or evil? Is it so far away that it is extremely evil? It looks down upon it, and if so, that’s it.

1. Which of the following sentences with braille is incorrect ( )

A. Flying in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging down from the sky (angry)? B. "Qixie" is also a person with strange ideas (recorded)

C. Those who go to breathe in six months (leave)? D. Living things are also blown with their breath (blow)

< p> 2. Translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.

It looks down upon it, and if so, that’s it.

3. In the following analysis and summary of the original text, which one is incorrect (?)

A. From the beginning of the article, Kun’s transformation into Peng is described in an extremely exaggerated way The extraordinary process makes people feel frightened and mysterious.

B. Zhuangzi made detailed descriptions and vivid descriptions of the scene of flying soaring into the sky, with the purpose of creating a mysterious atmosphere.

C. In Zhuangzi’s view, even the great roc soaring high into the sky still has “something to rely on” and cannot be considered a “free journey”.

D. The core idea of ??this article is to illustrate that people should live unrestrained, free and relaxed.

Reference answers:

Text study

1. Kun? Peng? Rise in the wind, hit the water by three thousand, rise by ninety thousand? The sky and the earth are vast

2. Pleasure? Happiness? Self

3. Exaggeration? I don’t know how many thousands of miles it is? Like the clouds hanging from the sky? Huge and infinitely powerful? Take advantage of the long wind

4. Rich and majestic imagination? Flapping its wings against the water, spiraling to an altitude of 90,000 miles? So majestic and vast

5. I don’t know how many thousands of miles it is? Migrating to Nanming? Pengzhi Look down

6. Topic: Does Zhuangzi know "the joy of fish". ? Zhuangzi's point of view: Minnows travel leisurely, which is the joy of fish. ? Basis 1: You are not me, you know that I don’t know the joy of fish; Basis 2: The Master said, "You know the joy of fish." Since you know that I know it and you ask me, I know what it is. ? Keiko’s point of view: You don’t know the happiness of fish. Basis: I am not a son, so I don’t know the son; the son is certainly not a fish, so the son doesn’t know the joy of fish, that’s all!

Text training ground

1.A (The "anger" in "flying in anger" should mean "rise up and flap your wings vigorously".)

2. Dapeng looks down from the sky, just like a person looking at the sky from the ground.

3.D (As far as the selected article is concerned, the author’s core idea is: all things in the world are interdependent and interactive, and have something to rely on)