Appreciation of military poetry

Appreciate 1 an original military poem

The bonfire in the north shines on Ganquan, and Chang 'an flies out of Qilian.

The jade sword in Xiqu is a beautiful family, with a white horse and gold.

In the Ming Dynasty, Yan Yuetun was on the right, and fish, pears and bamboos appeared on the left at dusk.

Shi Hu held an arrow in the valley, and the Jin people on the mountain once offered sacrifices to heaven.

The end of the world is endless, and the thistle gate is three thousand miles.

Appeared before Maling Huangsha, looking forward to Yun Qi in Longcheng at night.

The strange trees in the court have been climbed, but the people of the Great Wall have not been returned.

Baiyun first descended outside Tianshan Mountain and headed for Wuyuan.

You can't cross the mountain, who can sit on wheatgrass?

Running water breaks people's intestines, while hard ice hurts horses' bones.

Unlike China, the border court saves trouble, and first frost does not rest in winter and autumn.

The long wind rustles over the water, and the geese return to the sky.

Join the army, the army to Wan Li and Long Ting. Khan worships Wei Qiao now. Where can a general find fame?

Translation translation

The war in the northern frontier fortress has reached Ganquan Mountain, the hometown of Qin and Han palaces, as if a flying general like Li Guang had left Chang 'an and Qilian Pass.

The soldiers in charge of the rhinoceros skin shield and the ice jade sword are all ladies, and those who lead the golden reins across the white horse are chivalrous teenagers.

From the early morning, a "crescent moon" array was laid on the frontier fortress, and by nightfall, Zuo Xianguan, who expelled the Xiongnu, was defeated with a "fish-shaped" array.

In the valley of the calendar war, there is a story of Li Guang's infinite power, and in the mountains, there is a beautiful biography of Han who disarmed and sacrificed to heaven after defeating the enemy.

The war is like the end of the world, and the battlefield is three thousand miles away from Jimen (now north of Beijing).

In the morning, I watched Malingguan rolling yellow sand, and at night, I watched the Xiongnu Wang Tingbing as a cloud.

The beautiful trees planted in the yard have grown to the size of climbers, but relatives who can fight outside the Great Wall have not come back yet.

My heart drifted with my husband to Tianshan Mountain in the middle of Xinjiang, and hung like a floating cloud in Wuyuan City in the west of Inner Mongolia.

And the mountains far away from Wan Li are impassable. How can I cope with the clear moonlight under the fragrance of flowers alone?

Time flies like water after parting, which makes people feel sad. The bitter struggle and cold outside the Great Wall hurt the bones of the war horse again and again.

The solar terms and phenology outside the Great Wall are very different from those in the mainland, with long winter and autumn and short spring.

Whispering fashion can cross the river, and the geese returning to the south can die to the horizon.

He left the army until he left the imperial city of Wan Li for an expedition. Think about the fact that Xuan Di Wei Qiao, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, met the Xiongnu Khan and made peace (it happened in 5 1 year BC). Where will the generals who want to fight but can't seek fame go to fight?

Annotation explanation

North: North. County name. The second year of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 127). Governance is located in Shuofang, now Hangjinqi North, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Ganquan: Ganquan Palace. Therefore, it is located in Ganquan Mountain in the northwest of Chunhua, Shaanxi. Ben Qin Gong. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built and expanded the city, where he became a vassal and entertained foreign guests. Summer is also a summer resort.

General Fei: General Fei Li Guang.

Qilian: The name of the mountain. Xiongnu means "Tianshan Mountain". Qilian Mountain in a broad sense is the general name of the border mountains in western Gansu Province and northeastern Qinghai Province. Continuous 1000 km. In a narrow sense, Qilian Mountain refers to the northernmost branch.

Rhinoceros skin shield: A shield made of rhinoceros skin. Names of animals in ancient legends.

Jade sword: Jade sword, sword nose and blade are made of white jade.

Good family: the children of a good family.

Golden Rooster Jρ: A golden horse head.

Pingming: It's not dawn yet. At dawn.

Yanyue: a horizontal half-chord moon. It's dark. Half moon camp.

Right land: the territory of the right king of Xiongnu. The western region. It is "left land". Zuodi, the area east of Shanggu under the jurisdiction of Xiongnu Zuowang Xian in Han Dynasty.

Dusk: In the evening, when the sun is about to set.

Fish plum: fish plum array.

Zuo Xian: Xiongnu left Wang Xian.

M: once.

Take an arrow: Put an arrow in your mouth. Still hit by an arrow. From Li Guang allusions to Shi Hu.

Golden Man: A bronze statue. Refers to the Buddha statue.

Poor: poor. Exhausted.

Cirsium: Cirsium.

Jump: a distant appearance. Appear in succession

Maling: Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province.

Close: Close. Assemble.

Longcheng: There were Xiongnu names in the Han Dynasty. A place to worship heaven for the Huns. It is said that Longcheng refers to Lulong, Hebei.

Strange tree: a rare tree species.

Climbing: able to climb.

Beyond the Great Wall: Beyond the Great Wall. Generally refers to the northern part of China. Refers to the area north of the Great Wall. Also known as "Saibei".

Special: expired. Very, very

Tianshan Mountain: A mountain system in Central Asia, the eastern part of which is in central Xinjiang, China.

Wuyuan: the name of Guansai. That is, the elm willow plug in Wuyuan County in Han Dynasty. In Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Fang Fei: Aroma. Flowers and plants are beautiful.

Original: originally natural. Originally from. It turns out that it has always been.

Old: Originally, never; All the time.

Border court: A court on the border.

Festivals: Seasons and commodities. Different from China: different from China.

Winter graupel xiàn: small white ice particles falling in the air in winter. Spring does not stop: you can't stop in spring.

Changfeng: Far wind. Storm; Strong wind.

Rustle: onomatopoeic words. It often describes the sound of horses, wind and rain, running water, falling vegetation and musical instruments. Describe sadness and cold.

Continuous: continuous.

Reflected in the sky.

Long Ting: The place where Xiongnu Khan offered sacrifices to heaven and earth.

Khan: the title of Xiongnu monarch.

Wei Qiao: A bridge on the Weihe River near Chang 'an in Han and Tang Dynasties. A place to leave.

Bye-bye: bow down.

Appreciation of poetry and prose

Joining the army belongs to Yuefu's harmony songs and peaceful tunes.

Among the numerous poems of "joining the army" in past dynasties, this one by Lu Sidao is widely circulated. According to the ancient and modern poetry, when Xuanzong returned to Bashu at night, he recited the sentence "The strange tree in front of the court has climbed, but the people beyond the Great Wall have not returned it", which shows that this poem was very appreciated in the Tang Dynasty.

Most of Gu Yuefu's "Joining the Army" is about the hardships of military life and the pain that men and women yearn for, and so is this article.

The first half of this poem is about the military life of the soldiers who fought bravely and stayed there for a long time. The poem begins with "the bonfire in Shuofang shines on Ganquan, and Chang 'an will fly out of Qilian", which renders a strong atmosphere of war: the news of war keeps coming from the bonfire in the north, and the military situation is urgent and worrying. Ganquan is the name of the Imperial Palace in the Western Han Dynasty. Here, "Zhao Ganquan" points to the court to report to the police. "Flying General" is Li Guang, a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty. Then, the poem describes the heroic spirit of this "flying general in Chang 'an". According to Historical Records Biography of General Li, "In the fourteenth year of Emperor Xiaowen, the Xiongnu entered Xiaoguan, and Guangyi Liangjia joined the army to attack Hu ..." "Drama" is a kind of shield. In these two sentences, "Right Land" refers to the right Beiping, and Zuo Xian refers to the important leader of the Huns. " Ping Ming and Twilight describe the countless days and nights that soldiers spent in the frontier fortress. "New Moon" and "Yuli" are the names of two ancient wars. Here, the poet vividly wrote the tense life of the soldiers in the battle with extremely concise words. "Tun You Di" and "Zhu Zuoxian" were both written by Li Guang. Next, "Shi Hu held an arrow in the valley, and the golden man on the mountain once worshipped heaven" used two allusions. "Historical Records Biography of General Li" records: "When hunting widely, you see a stone in the grass and shoot it as a tiger. If the stones are not in the middle, you will see that they are stones. Because I shot again and failed to return to the stone. " "Jin people in the mountains once sacrificed to heaven" also used the allusions of the Han Dynasty. Huo Qubing, a general of the Han Dynasty, went to the Western Regions and won the battle, "gathering gold people to worship heaven". Through these two allusions, the poet further demonstrated the great strength of the soldiers who went to Xiongnu, and it was precisely because of these brave soldiers that he won the war.

The first half of the poem focuses on shaping the image of Li Guang, a flying general. With Li Guang as the representative of the soldiers who participated in the war at that time, the brushwork of the combination of reality and reality was adopted, which not only praised the achievements of Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty, but also reflected the lives of the soldiers who participated in the war at that time. Mix history with reality.

Since the end of the world has gone to infinity, I have written about the lovesickness between a soldier and his wife. Poetry comes from two places, and feelings become sorrow. "Infinite self" originally refers to a long way to go, and here refers to the military life with no return. "Jimen", "Maling" and "Longcheng" are all place names in the north, and they are all empty here. Years of war have made the relatives of the soldiers' families look forward to the distant Saibei, but "the strange trees in the court have climbed, and the people outside the Great Wall have not returned." The poet wrote this long and cruel war by means of foil. "Snow falls outside Tianshan Mountain, and the clouds go straight to Wuyuan", which is in the northwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia. It is written here that relatives travel thousands of miles in the extremely cold Great Wall, which makes people sigh that "Wan Li can't go over the mountains, who can sit on the wheatgrass moon". There is Guan Shanyue in Yuefu Poems, and the inscription in Yuefu says, "Guan Shanyue leaves her sorrow", which is often used in poems about finding a husband and thinking about a woman. People will think of their loved ones thousands of miles away. Who can enjoy the beautiful and moving moon alone? "Running water breaks people's intestines, but hard ice hurts horses' bones" not only describes the hardships of frontier life, but also their bitterness. "Wounded Horse Bone" is from Chen Lin's "Drinking Horse in the Great Wall Cave, and Shui Han Wounded Horse Bone". When winter went and spring came, the soldiers spent many days and nights in a foreign land far from home. "The leisurely wind rustled over the water, and the wild geese repeatedly reflected the sky. "Wild geese have not returned, and the wind is whispering, full of homesickness.

"Join the army, Wan Li leaves Long Ting" can be said to be the summary of the whole poem. Long Ting is the place where the Huns worship, and "going out of Long Ting" refers to the distant place in the poem. "Wei Qiao Khan has worshipped, where can the general find fame?" It means that the Xiongnu surrendered, where will the general make contributions? The implication is: frontier soldiers should come back often!

"Poetry" says that "the songs of the Six Dynasties can enter the early Tang Dynasty, such as Lu Sidao's" Joining the Army "and Xue Daoheng's" Yu ". The sound style is salty and even, and the gas is rich, which is particularly radiant. " It can be said that Joining the Army has influenced the seven-character songs since the Tang Dynasty.

The Sui Dynasty unified China, which had been divided for 300 years, and ended the confrontation between the north and the south since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. As a poet in Sui Dynasty, Lu Sidao's poems also combined the styles of Southern Dynasties and Northern Dynasties. In "Joining the Army", he wrote not only the heroic expeditions of soldiers, but also in my heart forever's thoughts, including the heroic spirit of "Chang 'an flies out of Qilian" and "white horse and golden charm, young chivalry". "Who can be confined? "

Appreciation of Military Poetry II

Yang Jiong

The flames of bonfires in Kyoto, Chang 'an City, crude gas oil. Leaving the palace, the general will assume the command; Surrounding the enemy and attacking the city, the elite cavalry are extremely brave.

The heavy snow darkened the color; The wind roared and the drums rang. I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter.

Test question

1。 Please briefly summarize the main content of this poem.

2。 From which two aspects does "the snow is dark and the flag is painted, and the wind is ringing" describe the tragic war scene?

Reference answer

1。 This poem describes the process of a scholar joining the army to resist foreign invasion.

2。 Sight, hearing or color, sound.

Brief introduction of the author

Yang Jiong: (650-693? ), Huayin, ranked seventh. In the fourth year of Xianqing (659), he raised a child prodigy, worked as a Hong Wen Pavilion in five years, and supplemented a bookseller in the third year of Shang Yuan (676). In the first year of God's Grant (690), he and Song studied the gallery together. After that, it was the English Seal Society of Wuzhou, known as Yang Yingchuan. Together with Lu and Luo, they are called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty". He is good at five laws, precise and rigorous in language, and alert and vigorous in writing style. There are "Yingchuan Collection" and "Complete Tang Poetry".

To annotate ...

(1) Joining the army: an old topic in Yuefu's Song Xianghe Pingdiao.

② "bonfire" sentence: It borrowed the meaning of "bonfire arrived in Ganquan and Chang 'an in a few months" in Huns Biography of Han Dynasty. Xijing refers to Chang 'an.

(3) Tooth piece: The soldiers' transfer sign is divided into two pieces, which are called "teeth" and embedded in the convex and concave parts. In the hands of the court and the general, respectively, as the basis for dispatching troops. Phoenix Que: refers to Chang 'an Palace Que. "Historical Records Zen": "(Zhang Jian Palace) is more than 20 feet east."

(4) Longcheng: a famous city of Xiongnu, which refers to the enemy's stronghold.

⑤ Fading: This means "decoloring". Flag painting: a colorful painting on a military flag.

⑥ Centurion: refers to junior officers.

translate

The beacon of alarm has reached Chang 'an, and the military situation is critical. A strong man's. It's hard to calm down. Left the capital with the news of the battle, and the elite troops went to the enemy's lair. The fighting is fierce, the snow is falling, the colorful paintings on the military flag are dying, and the wind is whistling and drumming. Would you rather be an ordinary centurion to kill the enemy with blood than be a useless scholar?

Distinguish and appreciate

The works of "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" who joined the army and went out to the frontier showed the lofty aspirations of intellectuals to make contributions to the frontier, which was impassioned, magnificent and touching, and had a certain influence on the high prosperity and maturity of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Yang Jiong's military career is one of the representative works.

Gao Zongji in Old Tang Dynasty: In the second year of Yonglong (68 1), Turks invaded Guyuan and Qingyang, and Pei Xingjian was ordered to go to war. Yang Jiong wrote this poem at this time.

This poem borrows the title "Joining the Army" from the old Yuefu and describes the whole process of a scholar joining the army and fighting. There are only forty words, which not only reveal the psychological activities of the characters, but also render the environment and atmosphere, and the brushwork is extremely vigorous.

The first couplet was written at the same time when the newspaper came, which aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of people with lofty ideals. The poet did not directly explain the military emergency, but said that "the bonfire shines in Xijing" and expressed the military emergency through the visual landscape of "bonfire". A word "photo" plays up the tension. In an exaggerated way, the author wrote that the foreign invasion was serious and the situation was critical, vividly conveying the emergency military situation of the war to the readers, and led to the following. "The grievances in my heart" are caused by bonfires. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country, and he doesn't want to spend his youth between pens and inkstones anymore. A word "self" shows the scholar's sincere patriotic passion and writes the spiritual realm of the characters. The first two sentences explain the background of the whole event.

The third sentence, "Zhang Ya resigned from Phoenix Que", describes the scene of the army resigning from Beijing. "Tooth Zhang" is a symbol of the emperor's transfer of troops. Divided into concave and convex parts, respectively in the hands of the emperor and the general. "Phoenix Que" is synonymous with the palace. The poet used the words "tooth Zhang" and "phoenix bird" here, which are elegant and steady, showing not only the lofty mission of going to war, but also the solemnity of the scene. In the fourth sentence, "The fighters rode around the Dragon City", it was obvious that Tang Jun had quickly reached the front line and surrounded the enemy's castle. The Fighter and Dragon City are relative, which shows the war atmosphere of enter the dragon. The word "circuitous" vividly depicts Tang Jun's military posture of encirclement and suppression of the enemy. Five or six sentences began to write about fighting, but the poet did not write from the front, but set it off through the description of the scenery.

Necklace couplet "flag painting with dark snow, wind noisy with drums". The first sentence starts from people's vision: heavy snow covers the sky, which makes the colorful paintings on the military flag look eclipsed; The last sentence begins with people's hearing: the wind whistling, intertwined with the majestic marching drums. Two poems, vivid and colorful, wonderful. The poet expresses himself in a unique way, symbolizing the "flag" and "drum" of the army, showing the brave and fearless spirit of the soldiers fighting the enemy in the snow and the tragic scene of bravely killing the enemy inspired by the drum.

The poem ends with: "Better be a centurion than a scholar." Express the lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of the scholars who joined the army to protect the border and defend the country. The hard and fierce fighting increased his love for this extraordinary life. He would rather be a junior officer galloping on the battlefield and fighting to defend the frontier than a scholar in his study. Expressed the poet's pure heart of serving the country.

This short poem tells the whole process of the scholar's joining the army. Being able to concentrate such rich content in a limited space shows the poet's artistic skill. First of all, the poet grasped the most representative fragment in the whole process and gave a general description of the image. As for how the scholar joined the army, how to bid farewell to his parents, wives and concubines, and how to March all the way, the poet omitted everything and did not write. Secondly, the poem adopts a jumping structure, jumping from one typical scene to another and developing by leaps and bounds. For example, just after the third sentence was written, the fourth sentence surrounded the enemy and then showed the scene of fierce fighting. But this kind of leap is very natural, and there is rich imagination space between each span. At the same time, this leaping structure makes poetry have a lively rhythm, such as turbulence on a cliff, giving people an indomitable momentum, effectively highlighting the strong patriotic passion of literati and the spiritual outlook of Tang Junbing.

Appreciation of Military Poems 3 "Military Service"

There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan.

Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.

translate

Qinghai Lake is covered with dark clouds and continuous snow-capped mountains. Yumen, the ancient city of frontier fortress, is a grand pass, thousands of miles away, facing each other from afar.

The soldiers on the border have been through many battles, their armor is worn out and their ambitions are immortal. They will never return to their hometown before defeating the invading enemy.

To annotate ...

1. Qinghai: Qinghai Lake, in the west of Xining City, Qinghai Province.

2. Snow Mountain: Qilian Mountain.

3. Gucheng: When it is a city in Qinghai. Speaking of isolated city, it is Yumen Pass.

4. Yumenguan: The establishment of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was named after the jade introduced from the Western Regions. Therefore, it is located in Xiaofang City in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.

5. Loulan: Shanshan Country in the Western Regions of Han Dynasty, located in the southeast of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In the Western Han Dynasty, Loulan joined forces with Xiongnu to cover and kill the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty to the Western Regions. Fu Jiezi was ordered to assassinate King Loulan. "Then he returned to the throne with the king's head in his hand, and the ministers and generals discussed it, and Xian Jia made great contributions" (The Biography of Han Fu Jiezi). This means that Loulan is the enemy of the northwest.

Appreciation of ancient poetry

"Qinghai Yunchang Snow Mountain is dark, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan." There are long white clouds over Qinghai Lake. To the north of the lake, there is a faint snow-capped mountain stretching for thousands of miles; Crossing the snow-capped mountains, it is an isolated city, standing in the desert of Hexi Corridor. Further west, it is the Yumen Pass, a military fortress far away from the lonely city. This long scroll, which condensed things thousands of miles away, was a typical environment for soldiers living and fighting in the northwest frontier at that time. It is a bird's eye view and a summary of the entire northwest border.

Why do you mention Qinghai and Yumenguan in particular? This is related to the situation of the war between ethnic groups at that time. The strong enemies of the west and the north in the Tang Dynasty were Tubo and Turkic. Our special envoy's task in Hexi is to cut off the traffic between Tubo and Turkic, and take care of the two powerful enemies in the west and north within one town, mainly to defend Tubo and protect the Hexi Corridor. "Qinghai" area is the place where Tubo and Tang Jun fought many times; Outside Yumenguan, it is the sphere of influence of Turks.

Therefore, these two sentences not only describe the scene of the whole northwest border, but also point out the extremely important geographical situation that the "isolated city" rejects Tubo in the south and defends Turks in the west. The strong enemies in these two directions are the heart of the soldiers guarding the "lonely city", so Qinghai and Guan Yu should appear on the screen. This is not so much what the soldiers see, but rather what emerges in their minds. These two sentences are permeated with rich and complex feelings while writing the scenery: the frontier soldiers' concern for the frontier situation, their pride and sense of responsibility for their tasks, and the loneliness and hardship of frontier life are all integrated in the tragic, open and misty scenery.

The third and fourth sentences changed from the description of the environment with scenes to direct lyricism. "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles" is a poem with strong generalization. The length of the border defense, the frequency of wars, the hardship of fighting, the toughness of the enemy and the desolation of the border are all summed up in these seven words. Hundreds of battles is more abstract, and the word "yellow sand" highlights the characteristics of the northwest battlefield, making people see the scene of "the ancient battlefield with sunset and sand like clouds"; From "winning every battle" to "wearing golden armor", we can imagine the arduousness and fierceness of the battle, and we can also imagine a series of heroic sacrifices in this long time. However, although the shining golden armor has worn out, the soldiers' ambition to serve the country has not been tempered, but has become more determined in the tempering of desert sand.

"Never break the Loulan, never return it" is the heroic oath of the battle-hardened soldiers. The more the last sentence highlights the difficulty of the battle and the frequency of the war, the more forceful it becomes, hitting the floor. In a word or two, the realm is broad and the feelings are tragic and rich; There is an obvious turning point between three or four sentences, and the two sentences are in sharp contrast. Although the phrase "yellow sand" describes the hardships of war, the actual feeling of the whole image is majestic and powerful, not deep and sad.

Therefore, the last sentence is not a lament for returning home without a day, but a firmer and deeper oath based on a deep understanding of the hardships and length of the war. An important ideological feature of the excellent frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is that while expressing the lofty sentiments and ambitions of the frontier guards, they do not shy away from the hardships of war. This article is an obvious example. It can be said that three or four sentences are not empty and superficial lyricism, but only one or two sentences of rich environmental description are needed. The high unity of typical environment and characters' feelings is a prominent advantage of Wang Changling's quatrains, which is also clearly reflected in this paper. The whole poem shows the great ambition of the soldiers stationed at the border.

Appreciation of Poems from the Military 4 Many children have this distress: Chinese learning efficiency is not high, Chinese grades are not improved, and parents and teachers are always blaming and preparing to join the army, hoping to help everyone learn more efficiently!

join the army

Wang Changling

There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan.

Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.

[Notes]

1. Join the army: the old topic of Yuefu's "Harmony of Songs", talk more about military trips. Wang Changling's "Join the Army" consists of seven songs, and here is the fourth song.

2. Qinghai: Today's Qinghai Lake. Changyun: It's cloudy. It's all over the sky. Snow Mountain: A mountain covered with snow all year round, which refers to Qilian Mountain.

3. Isolated City: It refers to Yumenguan, with a vast territory and a sparse population, giving people the feeling of an isolated city. This word order is reversed, which means "looking at the Yumen Pass in the lonely city from afar".

4. Wear: Wear. Shiny armor: A combat suit is armor made of metal.

5. Destroy Loulan: Completely destroy the enemy by reference. Loulan: The title of Shanshan in the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty generally refers to the Japanese invaders who invaded the northwest border area at that time.

[Modern Translation]

The endless dark clouds in Qinghai Lake,

Qilian mountain covered with snow all year round;

From a distance, you can only see the lonely city.

That's Yumen Xiongguan, which can't be moved by the spring breeze.

On the vast battlefield of Huangsha,

In many battles, the soldiers wore out their armor, clothes and shirts.

But if we don't wipe out the invading border thieves completely,

They will swear to death not to return home!

Readers who appreciate the frontier poems in Tang Dynasty are often confused by the confusion and spatial separation of ancient and modern place names in the poems. Some people doubt that the author is not familiar with geography, so they don't seek a good solution, and others write for it. This is the case with this poem.

The first two sentences mentioned three place names. Snow Mountain is Qilian Mountain in the south of Hexi Corridor. Qinghai and Guan Yu are thousands of miles apart, but they appear on the same picture, so these two sentences have various interpretations. Some people say that the first sentence is looking forward, and the next sentence is looking back at home. This is very strange. Qinghai and Snow Mountain are in front, and Yumenguan is behind. Then the hometown of the lyric hero should be the Western Regions west of Yumenguan, not the Han soldiers, but Hu Bing. On the other hand, the second sentence is an inverted sentence of "Looking at Yumenguan, an isolated city", and the object of looking at it is "the dark snow mountain in Qinghai". There are two misunderstandings here: one is to interpret "looking from afar" as "looking from afar", and the other is to misunderstand the general description of the northwest border region as what the lyric hero sees. The former misunderstanding is due to the latter misunderstanding. One or two sentences can be imagined as a picture of a vast area: over Qinghai Lake, the clouds are long and warm; To the north of the lake, there are snow-capped mountains thousands of miles across the cotton pavilion; Crossing the snow-capped mountains, it is an isolated city, standing in the desert of Hexi Corridor. Further west, it is the Yumen Pass, a military fortress far away from the lonely city. This long scroll, which condensed things thousands of miles away, was a typical environment for soldiers living and fighting in the northwest frontier at that time. It is a bird's eye view and a summary of the entire northwest border. Why did you specifically mention Qinghai and Guan Yu? This is related to the situation of the war between ethnic groups at that time. The strong enemies of the west and the north in the Tang Dynasty were Tubo and Turkic. Our special envoy's task in Hexi is to cut off the traffic between Tubo and Turkic, and take care of the two powerful enemies in the west and north within one town, mainly to defend Tubo and protect the Hexi Corridor. "Qinghai" area is the place where Tubo and Tang Jun fought many times; Outside Yumenguan, it is the sphere of influence of Turks. Therefore, these two sentences not only describe the scene of the whole northwest border, but also point out the extremely important geographical situation that the "isolated city" rejects Tubo in the south and defends Turks in the west. The strong enemies in these two directions are the heart of the soldiers guarding the "lonely city", so Qinghai and Guan Yu should appear on the screen. This is not so much what the soldiers see, but rather what emerges in their minds. These two sentences are permeated with rich and complex feelings while writing the scenery: the frontier soldiers' concern for the frontier situation, their pride and sense of responsibility for their tasks, and the loneliness and hardship of frontier life are all integrated in the tragic, open and misty scenery.

Three or four sentences changed from environmental description with scenes to direct lyricism. "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles" is a poem with strong generalization. The length of the border defense, the frequency of wars, the hardship of fighting, the toughness of the enemy and the desolation of the border are all summed up in these seven words. "Hundreds of battles" is more abstract, and the word "yellow sand" highlights the characteristics of the northwest battlefield, which reminds people of the scenes of "the medieval battlefield with sand clouds at dusk": "hundreds of battles" and "wearing golden armor", and it is even more conceivable that the battle was arduous and fierce, and it is also conceivable that there were a series of heroic sacrifices in this long time. However, although the shining golden armor has worn out, the soldiers' ambition to serve the country has not been tempered, but has become more determined in the tempering of desert sand. "Never break the Loulan, never return it" is the heroic oath of the battle-hardened soldiers. The more the last sentence highlights the difficulty of the battle and the frequency of the war, the more forceful it becomes, hitting the floor. In a word or two, the realm is broad and the feelings are tragic and rich; There is an obvious turning point between three or four sentences, and the two sentences are in sharp contrast. Although the phrase "yellow sand" describes the hardships of war, the actual feeling of the whole image is majestic and powerful, not deep and sad. Therefore, the last sentence is not a lament for returning home without a day, but a firmer and deeper oath based on a deep understanding of the hardships and length of the war. An important ideological feature of the excellent frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is that while expressing the lofty sentiments and ambitions of the frontier guards, they do not shy away from the hardships of war. This article is an obvious example. It can be said that three or four sentences are not empty and superficial lyricism, but only one or two sentences of rich environmental description are needed. The high unity of typical environment and characters' feelings is a prominent advantage of Wang Changling's quatrains, which is also clearly reflected in this paper. (Liu) According to

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