Relevant information of Lin Hai

About the author: (online download)

Lao She (1899 February 3rd ~ 1966 August 24th) is a contemporary writer. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, she Yu, pen names Summer Xu, Honglai, Feiwo, etc. Manchu, from Beijing. Born in a poor family. 19 18 After graduating from Beijing Normal University, he served as a primary school principal and a middle school teacher. 1924 went to the Oriental College of University of London as a Chinese lecturer, read a lot of English works and wrote novels. 1926, join the literature research society. 1930 After returning to China, he worked as a professor in cheeloo university, Jinan and Shandong University, Qingdao. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he went south to Hankou and Chongqing. 1938 All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles was established. Elected as director and general affairs director, presided over the daily work of the association. In creation, he wrote various forms of literary and artistic works with the theme of resisting Japan and saving the nation. 1946 invited to give lectures in the United States 1 year. After the expiration, he lived in the United States and worked as a writer. Shortly after its founding, People's Republic of China (PRC) was recalled to China and served as the vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Chinese Writers Association and China Folk Literature and Art Research Association. He participated in political, social, cultural and friendly exchanges with foreign countries, and attached importance to the cultivation and guidance of young writers. He was awarded the title of "People's Artist" for his excellent drama Longxugou. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he died of persecution.

Lao She wrote about 8 million words in his life. His main works are: Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Zhao Ziyue, Two Horses, A Tale of Cat City, Divorce, Biography of Niu Tianci, Doctor Wen, Camel Appearance, Cremation, Four Generations under One Family, Drummer Artist and Under the Red Flag (unfinished). Lao She is famous for his novels and plays. Most of his works are based on citizens' life, which has opened up an important subject area for modern literature in China. The natural scenery, social conditions, local customs, fashion and the spoken language of the masses described by him all show a strong "Beijing flavor". The excellent novels Camel-like and Four Generations under One roof are representative works describing the life of Beijing citizens. His short stories are exquisitely conceived and widely used, among which Liu Family Courtyard, Taking Office and Broken Soul Gun have their own characteristics and chewiness. His works have been translated into more than 20 languages and published, winning a wide audience with unique humorous style, strong national color and elegant and popular appreciation from content to form.

2. Original: Excerpted from the Complete Works of Lao She, Volume 14 (People's Literature Publishing House)

immense forest

This is Daxinganling. I have seen this mountain name in geography textbooks since I was a child, and I remember it because the word "Daxinganling" has a loud voice and contains the meaning of rejuvenating the country and ensuring peace. Yes, this sweet name makes me feel kind and comfortable. But there is something wrong with the word "ridge": I always thought it was a strange peak and a strange stone, which was unattainable. This time, I had a chance to see it and walked into the virgin forest. My feet rest on pine needles accumulated for thousands of years, and my hands touch those ancient trees, which really proves that that kind of kindness and comfort is not an illusion.

By the way, the word "ling" is different from the word "ling" in Qinling. There are indeed many mountains, high, short, long, short, horizontal and along, but none of them can remind people of the dangerous saying "Clouds cross the Qinling Mountains". How many mountains? After watching them on the speeding train for hours, I can't get enough of them. Every ridge is so gentle. Although there are precious trees from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, no one is arrogant.

As you can see, everything is green. It's really Lin Hai. The ups and downs of the mountains are the waves of the forest. How many kinds of green are there: deep, light, bright, dark, indescribable green, indescribable green. Although I said a few words: "the mountains are vast, the low mountains are green, the young forests are beautiful, and the mother forests are quiet", I always feel that there is still a distance from the real scene. I'm afraid only painters can write so much green.

There are thousands of treasures in Daxing 'anling. Praise larch first. Yes, this is the ocean of larch. Look, aren't there some white waves beside the sea? Those beautiful birch trees have silver trunks. In the sun, the silver skirt of birch shines on the edge of a pine tree, unlike the waves on the sea.

Between the two mountains, there is often a crystal clear stream, with wild flowers on both sides. I like flowers, but I can't name them here. How to dress up in Xing 'an Mountains? Pine trees make shirts, birch skirts and embroidered shoes. Even the space between trees is not short of color: under the pine shadow, all kinds of small flowers compete to open, attracting all kinds of small butterflies-they fall on the guests affectionately. Small red beans like coral beads are hidden in flowers. Red bean wine brewed by Chinese Winery in Xing 'anling is made from these small wild fruits, which tastes good.

With some of the above scenery, it may be enough for us to feel the kindness and loveliness of Xing 'an Mountains. Not really: Who can enter the ridge and see countless pine trees and birch trees without looking around? How many people have saved the wood here! From mines and railways to tables, chairs, benches and rafters, how many provinces and cities have nothing to do with the construction of Xing 'an League? In this way, the words "cordial" and "comfortable" are well-founded. Therefore, the more you look at Xing 'an Mountain, the cuter it is! Yes, when we see strange mountains and strange ridges in pictures or on the ground, we will also have a sense of beauty. However, this aesthetic feeling seems to come from surprise and curiosity. The loveliness of Xing 'an Mountains lies in its beauty. Its Qianshan is a kind of blue evergreen, which happens to be associated with Guangsha and excellent materials. As a result, its beauty and architecture are integrated, which not only makes us applaud and marvel, but also makes our proud hearts feel warm and comfortable.

Oh, is it wrong to encounter aesthetic problems? If that's the case, I don't think it's necessarily bad to link aesthetics with practical value. I love Xing 'an Mountains and the cordial relationship between Xing 'an Mountains and our lives. Its beauty is not isolated, but inseparable from our construction. Let the guests from thousands of miles feel that they should love it and thank it.

When I saw the forest farm, this kind feeling deepened. We cut down trees as raw materials and plant trees to protect them. We cut with our left hand and plant with our right hand. We not only took the treasure, but also did scientific research, so that the beautiful forest can not only last forever, but also be comprehensively utilized in hundreds of ways. Many towns have appeared in mountainous areas, adding new scenery and happy labor songs to Xing 'an Mountains. The relationship between people and mountains is getting closer and closer. How can you not feel kind and comfortable? I don't know why it was called Xing 'anling. From today's perspective, it does contain the significance of rejuvenating the country and securing the country.

Three. Introduction to Daxinganling (online download)

People praised Daxinganling as a cornucopia, saying that it is "a treasure everywhere, and it is hard to find in the world." The above-ground and underground resources here are extremely rich.

Forest resources. Forests are the most abundant resources in Daxinganling. This is a green kingdom. There are hundreds of plants on the endless mountains, such as vigorous Larix gmelinii and evergreen Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolian oak, slender birch, Populus davidiana, Siberian fir, black birch, oak, elm, Fraxinus mandshurica, Mongolian oak, etc. There are 7.3 million hectares of forest land in the whole region, the forest coverage rate is 64%, and the total forest stock is 587 million cubic meters, accounting for 26.6% of the total stock in Heilongjiang Province and 7.8% of the total stock in China.

Wild animal and plant resources. "Brocade scales are in the water, fragrant bacteria are in the forest, rare birds are in the sky, and rare animals are in the mountains" is a vivid portrayal of wild animals and plants that multiply and grow in the vast forest. In this natural animal and plant park, there are more than 330 rare birds and animals, such as red deer, moose, black bear, roe deer, Ai Hu, mountain hare, sable, valerian, hazelnut chicken, Darkmouth pheasant, mandarin duck and grouse. There are more than 80 kinds of valuable fur animals, such as mink and otter, and valuable aquatic products, such as mandarin fish, salmon, hucho, fine-scaled fish and catfish. There are thousands of wild plants growing here, all over the mountains, with flowers like flowers. There are many wild plants with high economic value, which are gradually recognized by people and listed as economic development goals. Clusters of wild berries, such as wild grapes, red beans, persimmons, thick plums, wild diced seeds and Rosa davurica, also grow in the deep mountains and forest margins. There are also pure natural and pollution-free wild vegetables and edible fungi. Among wild vegetables, bracken, yellow melon, day lily, willow bud, leek and leafy vegetables are the majority, and edible fungi such as auricularia auricula, mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum.

Medicinal plant resources. There are more than 300 kinds of medicinal plants in Daxinganling, of which more than 80 kinds are the key medicinal materials in the national census. Some of them are famous authentic medicinal materials in China. Such as Rhododendron dauricum, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Astragali, Lily of the valley, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Fructus Schisandrae, Lily, Ganoderma, Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi, Radix Gentianae, etc.

Mineral resources. Daxinganling is rich in mineral resources. Here is rich in gold, known as the "golden edge." Facts have proved that the gold mines in Daxing 'anling are all over the region with high grade. Except Mohe and Huma, Songling, amuer and hanjiayuan have all been mined, and the output ranks first in Heilongjiang. Coal reserves are also very rich, and the mining areas are mainly distributed in Huolahe Basin of Mohe, Huma, Shibazhan, Chair Circle of Songling and Aopu Basin. Fiona Fang, an open-pit coalfield in Gulianhe River, is 80 square kilometers, only 4 square kilometers, with a reserve of1.200 million tons, and the mining prospect is very considerable. In addition, there are more than 30 kinds of minerals such as copper, iron, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium, tungsten, zinc, molybdenum, lead, graphite, basalt, limestone, oil shale, crystal stone, marble and rare earth.

Land resources. The land resources in the whole region have the following characteristics: first, the land area is large and the per capita possession is large. The total land area of the whole region is 82,975 kilometers, and the per capita land possession is 15.28 hectares, which is 16.79 times that of the whole country. Second, the forest land area is large, the cultivated land area is small, and the per capita possession of cultivated land is small. The forested area in the whole region accounts for 86.28% of the total land area, which is 6.8 times of the national average. The cultivated land area only accounts for 0.54% of the total land area in the whole region, which is only 5% of the national average. Per capita arable land 1.25 mu, less than the national average 1.5 mu 16.7%. Third, there is a large area of unused land, a large area of marshland and great development potential. The unused land is basically grassland and swamp. About half of them can be reclaimed into farmland without improvement works or slightly improved drainage works. If they are used for grazing or mowing, most of them can be used.

Water resources. There are many rivers and lakes in Daxinganling area. There are 78 rivers with a basin area of over 50 square kilometers, including 97 rivers such as Heilongjiang, Huma, Tahe, Pangu, amuer, Ganhe and Dobukur. Every river has two flood seasons, namely, the frozen period and summer, and two dry seasons, namely, winter and spring. The annual runoff of the whole region is149100000 cubic meters, and the water resources reserve is1640000 cubic meters, accounting for 18% of the total water resources in the whole province. 300 million cubic meters of water resources were developed and utilized, and the development utilization rate was 1.83%. The theoretical reserve of hydropower is 780,400 kWh, ranking second in Heilongjiang Province. 39 hydropower stations can be developed, with an installed capacity of 896,000 kWh and an annual power generation of 2.53 billion kWh. There are also water conservancy projects 1 15, drainage ditches of 234.6 kilometers and farmland protection180,000 mu.

One of the comprehensive materials of Linhai

anonymous

First, the description of teaching materials

This passage tells about the scenery of Daxinganling and its role in the national economy and people's livelihood, and expresses the author's sincere love for Daxinganling.

The text begins with the author's feeling of entering the primeval forest, and then describes the characteristics of mountains, forests and flowers in Daxing 'anling and the association generated by these scenery. Finally, talk about the experience and feelings of visiting the forest farm.

The purpose of writing this text is to let students further feel the beauty of the natural scenery of the motherland and understand the role of natural resources in the construction of the motherland; The second is to guide students to appreciate the simple and beautiful language of the famous writer Lao She.

This lesson focuses on the scenic features of Daxing 'anling and the feelings of visiting Daxing 'anling.

The scenery of Daxinganling, let's talk about "Ling" first. The main feature of "Ling" is gentleness. This feature is highlighted in comparison with Qinling Mountains. The Rise of the Lonely Peak, Domineering, and Clouds Crossing the Qinling Mountains all describe the height, suddenness and precipitousness of the Qinling Mountains. However, the mountains in Daxing 'anling "will not remind people of the dangerous saying that' the cloud crosses the Qinling Mountains'", "every mountain is so gentle" and "no one is arrogant". Another feature of the "ridge" is its continuity and various shapes: "On the speeding train, I can't finish it for hours, and I can't get tired of it." "There are indeed many ridges here, horizontal, along, high, short, long and short." Let's talk about "Lin". The distinctive feature of the forest is that it looks like the sea, so it is called Linhai. "Looking at it, everything is green", which highlights the endless green beauty of the beautiful forest. "The rolling hills are the waves of the beautiful forest", "The silver skirt of the birch tree flashes on the edge of the big pine tree" and "Like the waves on the seashore" further highlight the characteristics of the beautiful forest. Then talk about "Wild Flowers". Wild flowers are characterized by a wide variety. "I love flowers, but I can't name them here." It can be seen that there are many kinds of wild flowers. Finally, the author compares Daxing 'anling to a gentle and beautiful girl, saying that it is "loose for a shirt, birch for a skirt, embroidered shoes", which is obviously a synthesis of the scenery of Daxing 'anling and permeates the author's infinite love.

The feeling of visiting Daxinganling can be summarized in four words: cordial and comfortable. "Kindness and comfort" appeared three times in the article. For the first time, the writer saw Daxinganling with his own eyes, walked into the virgin forest, stepped on pine needles accumulated several feet thick and touched those ancient trees. Because Daxinganling is completely different from the "strange peaks and rocks, unattainable mountains" in my impression, "every mountain is so gentle" will naturally make the author feel "kind and comfortable" The second time was when I described the scenic features of Daxing 'anling and then talked about the associations generated by these landscapes. The scenery of Daxinganling is not only for people to appreciate, but also provides sufficient resources for the construction of the motherland. It can be seen that the scenery of Daxinganling has been integrated with the construction of the motherland. Thinking of this, the author thinks that the more I look at Daxinganling, the more lovely it is, and naturally I feel kind and comfortable. The third time was after visiting the forest farm. After visiting the forest farm, "this kind of intimacy has deepened." This is because in the forest farm, we saw that "the relationship between man and mountain is getting closer and closer". People not only cut down trees for material, but also plant trees to protect seedlings, so that beautiful forests can last forever.

Second, learning objectives

1. Learn 9 words. Can read and write the following words correctly: coral, rafter, desk and chair, guangsha, logging, comprehensive, unattainable, domineering, rejuvenating the country and protecting the family.

2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Recite your favorite part.

3. Understand the scenery characteristics of Daxinganling, feel the beauty of Daxinganling scenery, and understand the role of Daxinganling in the construction of the motherland.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before class, students can find Daxinganling on the map of China and know its location. If possible, find some pictures of Daxing 'anling and Qinling Mountains to understand the difference between them from a perceptual point of view.

2. The focus of this course is to let students feel the unique gentle beauty of Daxinganling.

First of all, we should guide students to understand the meaning of the sentence accurately. For example, "Clouds crossing the Qinling Mountains" means that the clouds are halfway up the Qinling Mountains, indicating that the Qinling Mountains are very high. Some figurative sentences and personification sentences should guide students to understand. There is no need to talk about metaphor, personification and other noun terms in teaching, but let students know what "ocean" means, what "white spray" means and why Xing 'anling dresses itself up. When understanding the meaning of these sentences, we should also be careful not to let the students misunderstand. For example, the comparison between Qinling Mountains and Daxing 'anling Mountains is mainly to show that Daxing 'anling gives people a gentle and cordial feeling, not as aloof as Qinling Mountains. The author has no intention to belittle the Qinling Mountains, because its majesty and precipitousness are also a kind of beauty.

Secondly, when guiding students to understand key sentences, they should also be inspired to imagine the scenes described in the sentences, such as what "rolling mountains are waves of beautiful forests", what "white waves by the sea" and what "pine trees make shirts, birch trees make skirts and embroidered shoes" look like. Try to make students seem to see a picture in front of them.

Thirdly, on the basis of understanding and imagination, strengthening reading, especially reading with emotion, is the main way to feel the beauty of scenery and language. Read this lesson aloud. Some places need a little guidance from the teacher. For example, "the' Ridge' in Daxinganling is very different from that in Qinling." When reading this sentence, we should put a little emphasis on the two quoted words "ridge" and "big" to form a sharp contrast, and at the same time let students realize that "big difference" and "small difference" are different. "There are indeed many ridges here, which are horizontal, along, high, short, long and short, but none of them remind people of the dangerous word' Clouds crossing the Qinling Mountains'." The six "word-removing structures" in this sentence form three groups of contrasts. When reading aloud, the tone and intonation of each group should be slightly changed to highlight the various forms of the ridge.

3. The language is concise and beautiful, which is a feature of Mr. Lao She's works and also a feature of this class. To guide students to learn this lesson, we should guide students to feel the beauty of the mountains and rivers of the motherland, and at the same time pay attention to guiding students to appreciate the linguistic beauty of the text. The main ways to appreciate the beauty of text language are reading aloud, reciting and copying. Students should be instructed to read the full text with emotion, recite some paragraphs and copy some beautiful sentences.

4. The purpose of the second question of "Thinking and Practice" after class is to guide students to understand and experience the author's feelings of visiting Daxinganling. This is an important and difficult point in the teaching of this course. To guide students to understand this point, students can find three sentences about "kindness and comfort" on the basis of reading the text through; Then, guide the students to contact the context and talk about the circumstances under which the author feels "cordial and comfortable" every time; Finally, let the students relate the three feelings and realize that although they are all "cordial and comfortable", they are more intense and profound every time.

The purpose of the third question "Thinking and Practice" after class is to guide students to delve into the text, cultivate students' ability to find and ask questions in autonomous learning, and inspire students to develop the habit of cooperating with their classmates and expressing their opinions in cooperative learning. The questions raised in the topic are all examples, which can inspire students to ask more questions and discuss them with you. For example, why does Daxing 'anling "really contain the significance of rejuvenating the country and securing the country"? In the discussion, students should be allowed to fully express their opinions. Teachers can also express their opinions, but only as participants in the discussion, and don't let students be the only conclusions.

"How can Xing 'anling dress itself up ..." This sentence is obviously written by Xing 'anling as a gentle and beautiful girl: wearing a green coat, a silvery white skirt and colorful embroidered shoes. This writing makes the still scenery lifelike, thus fully expressing the author's love for Xing 'an Mountains.

The problem selection in Thinking and Practice is to let students choose and do according to their own actual situation, without uniform requirements. Students only need to show the different characteristics of Qinling and Daxinganling with stick figures. For example:

5. The new word "Xia" in this lesson is pronounced shà here, and the place name "Xiamen" is pronounced xià. "Cut", be careful not to write "generation".

The following text explanation is for teachers' reference only, and it is generally not appropriate to tell students intact.

A peak stands tall.

Domineering: describes arrogance and imposing manner.

As far as the eye can see.

Qian Shan Yibi: Many peaks are green.

The country is prosperous and stable.