Exercises and answers of "Back", "Forever Regret" and "Have the Spirit of Governor"

1. Retell the process of my father crossing the railway to buy oranges. In this passage, how does the author describe the back of his father? Why is it written in such detail?

How did you write about the back of your father when he left? What's the role?

3. At the end of the article, the writer read his father's letter and saw his father's back, but he saw it in "crystal tears". What is the reason?

Answer:

1. Retell the process of my father crossing the railway to buy oranges, from "I saw him wearing a black cloth hat" to "I felt very relaxed when I jumped on the dirt on my clothes".

The author describes his father's back like this, first describing his appearance, writing clothes and hats, then describing his movements, carefully describing the movements of climbing the platform with close-ups, and setting off this back with his own feelings.

This character is the most important of all the storylines, the main brain of the full text, and the best embodiment of father's love, so it is written in such detail.

2. The back of my father's departure is written in the stream of people, from near to far, from obvious to hidden, set off by my own feelings. Writing this letter can show such feelings: I was moved by my father's love, once I broke up, I was particularly attached and disappointed, and I was particularly sympathetic and bitter when I thought of my father's difficult future.

My father said in his letter that "the period of running away" has reached the point of dying physically and mentally. The author can't help but burst into tears, thinking of his father's many benefits to himself and his tearful back, so he saw this back in Crystal Tears.

Second, try to contact the context and point out the expressive function of the following key sentences. And find some key sentences from the sixth paragraph of the text and talk about why they are key sentences.

1. I haven't seen my father for over two years. What I can't forget most is his back.

2. That winter, my grandmother died, and my father's errand was also unloaded. This is a day when it never rains but it pours.

Answer:

1. This sentence expresses the thoughts of my father, sets the emotional tone for the full text, and also prompts the core of the full text, highlighting the back, which makes readers have suspense.

2. This sentence points out the cause of the matter, and puts the back in an unfortunate family background and shrouded in a sad atmosphere.

Thirdly, the article wrote four sentences that the father said in the process of sending his son to the car, all of which were short and had common meanings. Please find out and contact the context, and realize the concise characteristics of these words and the deep affection for your son.

Answer:

These four sentences are:

Never mind, they can't walk well.

I want to buy some oranges. You stay here and don't walk around.

I'm leaving. Write to me!

Go in, there's no one inside.

My father was anxious to find a job at that time. Under the great pressure of survival, he was worried, but his son was above everything else in his mind. He was afraid that his son would have an accident and finally decided to send it himself.

The father put his son on the bus and took good care of him. The son also advised him to go, but the father still felt that he had not done enough. When he saw an orange seller at the station, he went to buy oranges for his son. It's not easy to cross the railway, and my father saw it. He is willing to spend some time to benefit his son. He is also afraid that his son will follow him and forget his luggage. Father's care is really meticulous.

Once again, the father missed the safe journey, and he didn't rest assured until his son returned to Beijing to report his safety.

The fourth sentence: the father took a few steps and turned back, which shows that he is still thinking about his son and is reluctant to go. He also thought that his son's luggage could not be neglected for a moment, and told him to be careful and think of his son.

Fourth,

1. Some people say this article is very sad. "I doubt whether a 20-year-old boy needs his father's care, whether he is facing parting, and whether he will cry so easily." What's your opinion? We can discuss it with you.

In the fifth paragraph of the text, the author repeatedly said that he was "too smart" and "too smart". Why did he say that? Do you think you are smart in front of your elders? Speak out loud and communicate with your classmates.

Answer:

The question 1 should be discussed in combination with the specific background of the article explanation. At that time, grandma died and dad lost his job. This double blow made the whole family miserable, and everyone was very sad. I am a young man in my early twenties, so I am more sensitive and vulnerable emotionally. Therefore, the words and deeds of "I" in the text are understandable.

Question 2: Experience the sentences of self-reflection in the text, guide students to adjust their mentality, experience family ties, and conduct oral training in communication. When a person was a child, he thought his father's image was very tall. At a certain age, he is soft-blooded, sensible and not sensible, and feels that his father is not respectable and that he is better than his father. When you are really mature, even though you are much better than your father, you will find your father amiable and respectable. The eighth-grade students began to think themselves smart in front of their elders. It is very useful to talk about this problem.

To say "too smart" and "too smart" is to recall the mentality in front of my father eight years ago. My father bargained for himself and entrusted the waiter out of love, but he was insensitive to his father's love and self-righteous, as if he were better than his father. This is really unwise.

What are the advantages of choosing the expression angle of "Hui" in a text? What do you think of the father's "back" in the text?

Answer:

The back can be regarded as a special "face" of my father. Because of the implication of life, the author made a unique discovery and chose this best expression angle. The theme of "Hui" runs through the whole article, and the father's depression, melancholy mood and sincere feelings for his son in his later years can be truly expressed through "Hui". It is rich in connotation and intriguing, leaving readers with a broad world of free imagination.

Read the text carefully with emotion, find out the sentences describing the back in the text, try to figure it out, and then answer this question.

1. Tell my father the process of buying oranges across the railway. Which words are the most expressive in this article? Why?

Answer:

The writing on the back is the most expressive. Look at my father's clothes first and outline a general appearance. When he wrote that he was walking on the ground, he used "stumble", which shows that it is inconvenient to walk. When I got off the platform, I only wrote "slowly leaning down" and accurately wrote the word "exploration". The best part is how he climbed up. The action of both hands uses a word "climbing", which shows the height and the difficulty of climbing. The action of two feet uses a word "contraction", which makes how to climb more detailed. It also pointed out the difficulty of his climbing. "His fat body leans slightly to the left, showing the appearance of hard work." This action is described delicately and concisely, giving people a dynamic process and mobilizing readers' imagination to enrich this image. It's really lifelike.

2. At the end of the article, I wrote about my father's back. What's the role?

Answer:

At the end of the article, the son saw his father's back in crystal tears. It should be said that the back in my son's mind at this moment is not only the reappearance of my father's back in the past, but also the shadow of my old father, who entrusted his son with his deep thoughts for his father. The role of writing this background is to deepen the reader's impression of the full text and deepen the theme of the article.

Seeing his father's back, the author of the text shed tears. What is the reason?

Answer:

The author couldn't help crying at the sight of his father's back. This is because he saw the image of a loving father from behind, saw the sincerity of a loving father, and loved his son like a life. This is a touching tear; At the same time, it is sad to see my father in a difficult situation, struggling in adversity, sympathizing with him and loving him.

3. Some sentences, which can mark the cause, process and result of things, or are expressive when writing people's narrative, or meaningful and intriguing, or can best express the author's affection, are called key sentences. Try to contact the context and point out the expressive function of the following key sentences.

1. I haven't seen my father for over two years. What I can't forget most is his back.

Answer:

This is the first sentence of the text, with a clear meaning at the beginning. Adding the word "most" before "unforgettable" shows that the father's back has left a deep impression on the author's mind, including countless warmth between father and son. Starting with the word "most", the full text reproduces the unforgettable past of the author two years ago in a retrospective way.

2. That winter, my grandmother died, and my father's errand was also unloaded. This is a day when it never rains but it pours.

Answer:

The title is behind, but the author begins with the "double blow" of my grandmother's death and my father's idleness. This can attract readers' attention, mainly to pave the way for describing things, expressing feelings and pushing back. The first half of the article is bedding, and this sentence is the general introduction of the bedding part.

Alas, now that I think about it, I was really smart at that time!

Answer:

There are several similar sentences in the article. This means that the author realized afterwards that he was blaming himself. "Too smart", in other words, "not smart at all". Why? Because I only knew how to criticize my father's behavior at that time, but I couldn't understand his mood. This kind of self-blaming sentence can deepen the theme of the article and make it more infectious.

The fourth article is written by a father who said a few words in the process of sending his son to the car. They are all short and have a common meaning. Try to find out and contact the context, and realize the concise characteristics of these words and the deep affection for their sons.

1. "Never mind, they can't walk well."

Answer:

At that time, "I" was going to get on the bus and go north. My father is busy, and he has agreed not to see me off, so he found a familiar waiter to accompany me. He told the waiter again and again that he was very careful. Besides, I am twenty years old and have traveled to and from Beijing two or three times. Besides, I repeatedly advised him not to go. But my father hesitated several times, and finally he was not at ease. He was afraid that the waiter would not post it properly, and finally decided to send me by himself, so he said this sentence. In connection with these situations, we can see that this short sentence contains the father's meticulous care and deep love for his son.

2. "I'll buy some oranges, and you stay here. Don't walk around. "

Answer:

Before leaving, the elderly father took pains to cross the railway to buy oranges for his son. Knowing that the railway was hard, I had a hard time, but my father was willing to go for the sake of his son. How caring and considerate this is.

3. "I'm leaving, write to me there!"

4. "Go in, there is no one inside."

Answer:

These two seemingly simple words imply the feelings of love, worry and reluctance of the father to his son. There is an uneasy feeling in plain words, which is more sincere than a thousand words.

Have a sense of investigating things and extending knowledge.

This article is part of the author's report, and it is a rambling argumentative essay.

At the beginning of the article, the author puts forward his topic: How should China students study natural science? This paper focuses on this topic.

Firstly, it points out the disadvantages of traditional education. The author explains that the meanings of "things" and "knowledge" in the Four Books are to acquire knowledge by exploring objects. This is exactly the same as the basic field of modern academic exploration, that is, experiment. The purpose of traditional education is not to seek new knowledge, but to adapt to a fixed social system, so the true meaning of knowledge is buried. Taking the bamboo in Wang Yangming's yard as an example, the author shows that Wang Yangming mistook exploring the outside world for exploring himself, which was decided by the traditional Confucian viewpoint.

Then, the importance of experimental spirit in science is analyzed. From the perspective of the history of scientific development, the author reiterates that new knowledge can only be obtained through experiments, but not through self-discussion. The process and requirements of the experiment are expounded: the experiment is an active and planned detection; The experiment should have a careful and concrete plan and a goal as a guide to the exploration process. Taking the exploration of the essence of bamboo as an example, the author shows that only through scientific experiments can we gain knowledge about bamboo, and it is useless to passively observe and stand by.

Then, the author points out that "Wang Yangming's thoughts continue to dominate the thoughts of some China scholars". First, most domestic students lay stress on theory and despise experiment, and lay stress on abstract thinking rather than hands-on operation. I did well in the exam, and I am often at a loss when I need to make up my mind in my research work. Secondly, the author takes "personal experience as evidence". Due to the influence of traditional education, he mistakenly thinks that he can cope with everything by burying his head in reading, and the result is of no help to the actual needs. This reveals the disadvantages of traditional education more deeply, and also shows the importance of attaching importance to experimental spirit.

Finally, the conclusion is drawn: "I hope that our generation will have a new understanding and thinking about matter and knowledge, so that the experimental spirit can truly become a part of China culture." The author first expounds the importance of understanding the spirit of things in today's world. First, it is indispensable to study natural science, humanities and personal action; Second, coping with the world environment is also indispensable. Then reveal the true meaning of knowing things. Finally, I put forward my hope for China's generation.

Second, the problem research

1. What is the practical significance of the problems discussed in this paper?

As we all know, the advantage of basic education in China is to attach importance to the teaching of basic knowledge and skills, but the disadvantage is to ignore the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability. In today's society, this shortcoming can even be said to be fatal, which makes our students unable to meet the needs of the times, thus affecting the rejuvenation of the nation and the future of the country. Of course, this shortcoming is not sudden. It has a long cultural background and is related to the current examination system. There is still a long way to go to overcome this shortcoming.

Based on the modern academic development and personal experience and lessons, combined with the traditional cultural background and China's current situation, this paper brilliantly expounds how China students learn natural science. From a strategically advantageous position, we hit the nail on the head and have a strong heart, which is a blow to our students and everyone will benefit for life.

2. The author said: "The history of scientific development tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not through introspection or philosophical empty talk." Try to prove the importance of experimental spirit, that is, the spirit of understanding things in science.

For example, in order to refute Aristotle's view that the falling speed is proportional to the weight of an object, Galileo dropped two objects with the same material and different weights at the same time on the leaning tower of Pisa, Italy, proving that when objects with different weights fall freely in the air, the weight has nothing to do with the falling speed, and objects with different weights have the same landing speed.

Practice note

First, read the text carefully and think. What are the reasons for some students' high scores and low abilities? How can we learn to adapt to the present world environment?

This question is intended to guide students to understand the content of the text and think about some problems with practice.

The reason why some students get high marks and low abilities is that under the background of traditional education and the influence of exam-oriented education, they "tend to be theoretical and despise experiments, and tend to be abstract thinking rather than hands-on". Therefore, when they get high marks in exams, start doing research or need to start working, they are at a loss.

We should change our ideas, have a new understanding and thinking about things, make the experimental spirit truly become a part of China culture, and cultivate practical ability and innovative spirit while having solid basic knowledge and skills.

2. What interesting experiences did you have in the process of exploring objective things? Speak out loud and communicate with your classmates. Then talk about what is the true meaning of knowing things.

This question is intended to help students connect with their own experiences and further grasp the main idea of the article.

The first question. Let students talk about their interesting experiences at will, so that they can communicate with each other and inspire each other.

The second question. The real significance of understanding things lies in: first, the only way to seek truth is to explore things objectively; Second, exploration should be imaginative and planned, and we should not passively stand by.

Thirdly, the article says: "We need to cultivate experimental spirit, that is to say, whether we study natural science, humanities or personal actions, we should keep a skeptical and realistic attitude and rely on practice to discover the truth of things." Let's discuss why we should also pay attention to the experimental spirit in "studying humanities" and "personal action" And write your own views into a fragment composition.

The purpose of this question is to guide students to understand the text deeply and write some notes to improve their reading and writing ability.

"Learning the humanities" should also attach importance to the experimental spirit. Because the idea of humanities is also produced from practice. Comrade Mao Zedong has long said that people's correct thoughts do not fall from the sky, nor are they inherent in their minds, but come from practice.

Why should we attach importance to the experimental spirit of "in personal action"? Personal actions are not blind actions, but must be guided by certain ideas and concepts. This kind of thought and this kind of idea "can't blindly accept the truth recognized in the past, can't wait for the instructions of' academic authority'", and must cultivate their own judgment in practice.

Students should be guided to express their views on this exercise.

Teaching suggestion

First, it is advisable to guide students to establish the learning focus of the text from the following two aspects: first, to understand the connotation of the spirit of things and its important role in science; The second is to summarize the central argument of the text and learn the argumentation method of the text. Of course, students are also allowed to establish other learning priorities according to their own situation.

Second, guide students to be familiar with the text and grasp the ideological content and text structure of the article. Pay attention to remind students that they must read the text related to their own study. You can organize some discussions and choose the following questions:

1. What is the meaning of "governor" in The University?

2. What does the author mean by true knowledge?

3. What is the purpose of traditional education in China? What are the disadvantages of traditional education in China?

4. How to cultivate the spirit of "learning from things" in your study and life?

Thirdly, this paper includes Mr. Ding Zhaozhong's understanding of natural science, his reflection on China's traditional education, and his expectation for China's education to update its concept and conform to the international trend. Students should be guided to get enlightenment and benefit from these aspects.

related data

Ding Zhaozhong (Wang Yusheng), the discoverer of "J particle"

1976 Ding Zhaozhong, the winner of the nobel prize in physics, wrote an autobiographical article in 1980, "in exploration-a physicist's experience". At the beginning of this article, I quoted Marshal Ye Jianying's poem "Research":

The siege is not afraid of firmness, and the attack on books is not afraid of difficulties.

If there are obstacles in science, efforts can pass.

Ding Zhaozhong said that he was born in the United States on1October 27th, 1936, but three months after his birth, his parents brought him back to China. He said: "Because of the situation in China at that time, I have always been a refugee, constantly fleeing from one place to another. Of course, this made it impossible for me to receive any formal education at that time. " /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, he moved to Taiwan Province Province with his family before he went to middle school, so he cherished the opportunity to go to school. In high school, he especially liked physics and chemistry, studied hard and got good grades. One of his classmates once left him a message in his graduation photo album: "Your science can be said to be invincible in your class. I hope you can concentrate on attacking science and inventing several Shi Ding's laws! " After graduating from high school, Ding Zhaozhong was sent to department of mechanical engineering, national cheng kung university, Taiwan Province. 1956 At the age of 20, he went to the United States alone and entered the University of Michigan. 1962 received a doctorate in physics. Ding Zhaozhong chose experimental physics as his main direction. 1972, he led his team to conduct a series of experiments in new york Brook National Laboratory to find new heavy particles. For the arduousness and complexity of the experiment, he once likened it to this: "In the rainy season, a city like Boston may drop one million raindrops in Qian Qian within one minute. If one of them has a different color, we must find the raindrop. "

1974165438+1October 12, Ding Zhaozhong, who has worked in the laboratory for more than two years, announced to the world that his team had discovered an unexpected new elementary particle, the J particle. This kind of particle has two strange properties: heavy mass and long life, so it must come from the fourth quark. It overturns the previous theory that the world consists of only three quarks and opens up a new realm for human beings to understand the micro-world, which is called the "November Revolution of Physics".

1in the autumn of 977, during Ding Zhaozhong's visit to China, he suggested to Deng Xiaoping that China Academy of Sciences send physicists to join his experimental team. During the ten years from 1978 to 1 when he welcomed the first batch of Chinese physicists, hundreds of people have come to his side. He said: "The cooperation with China is satisfactory." He also said: "In recent years, the quality of Chinese researchers has been greatly improved. From leaders to ordinary scientific and technological personnel, they are greatly younger. Great discoveries in science, especially in natural science, depend on young people. Like Newton, Faraday, Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning, their important discoveries were made when they were young. Therefore, I have high hopes for the young scientific and technological personnel of the Academy of Sciences. "

Maybe it will always be really hard to find. . Sorry ~ ~