Who can give me a complete introduction to this word (this is a poetic word)

Ci is a rhyming style, which can be sung with music.

In linguistics, a word is the smallest language unit that can be used freely.

Ci, as a kind of poetry, is a new style that emerged in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, after a long and sustained development, it entered its heyday.

Ci, also known as Quzi, long and short sentences and poems, is a kind of songs and poems filled with feasts. Poetry and words belong to the category of verse, but poetry is only used for chanting and words are used for singing.

Ci is a unique form of poetry, which was originally sung with music. A word is characterized by a long and short sentence. There are different names for the tunes of inscription poems, and there are regulations on the total number of sentences, the number of sentences, the number of words and the level of each sentence.

The form of words has the following characteristics:

1. Every word has a musical tone (epigraph). Generally speaking, the tone of a word is not the theme of the word, but only a score. In the Song Dynasty, some poets often added questions or wrote prefaces under the tone of words in order to express the meaning of words.

2. Words are generally divided into two paragraphs (called upper and lower paragraphs or upper and lower paragraphs), and few words are not segmented or not segmented.

Generally speaking, the number of words in tones and the length of sentences are fixed and have a certain format.

4. The sentence patterns of words are uneven, and they are basically long and short sentences.

5. The rules of phonology in words are particularly strict, and words should be hierarchical. The tone of each word has its own rules, which are different.

translate freely

① The smallest unit that can be used independently in a language: dictionary | noun | improper use of words. 2 statement; Words: lines | lyrics | words can't convey meaning. (3) An ancient form of poetry with different sentences: Ci Qu | Song Ci.

Ci originated in the Five Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, which is a popular literary genre in the Song Dynasty.

Style name is a verse form of poetry, which is developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs.

It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Originally, it was a poetic style sung by music, and the length of sentences varied with the tune.

So it is also called long and short sentences. Poetry and slow words are generally divided into two parts. Some words are limited, but some words can rhyme.

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of this word

Ci originated from the folk, but it was difficult to see folk works in the study before 1900 Dunhuang stone room was opened. It was not until the lyrics and songs of Dunhuang manuscripts came out that these defects were made up. There are a lot of Dunhuang lyrics and songs. There are five poems by Wen, () and Ouyang Jiong, and the rest are anonymous. The author has a wide range of subordinates, and his writing time began from the last years of Wu Zetian to the Five Dynasties. Among them, the most important one is "Yun Yao Ji Za Ge", with 30 words. The copying time was not later than the first year of Hou Liang Ganhua (9 1 1), and it was nearly 30 years earlier than the compilation of Huajianji (940 in the third year of Zheng Guang, Shu Dynasty). Except Neijiajiao, all the other 12 songs are included in Jiao Fangji's List of Songs. Among them are slow characters and couplets.

The early creation of Dunhuang Ci and the folk origin of the author's creation make the works show transitional characteristics in content, system and language style, and initially break away from the general cultural system of poetry and begin to become independent adults. The postscript of Zhu Zumou's "Miscellaneous Songs of Clouds" is dizzying: "It is a simple and gratifying word, relying on the sound of the chakra." It can be used to evaluate the whole Dunhuang ci.

[Edit this paragraph] Text type

The original name of the word is "Quci" or "Quci", and it is also called long and short sentences, songs, Quci, Yuefu, music movement, musical interest and poetry, with music as its companion. From the music point of view, it is the same literary genre as Yuefu, and it also comes from folk literature. Later, like Yuefu, Ci gradually separated from music and became a unique poetic style, so some people called Ci "poetry". Scholars' Ci is deeply influenced by metrical poems, so there are many metrical sentences in Ci.

There are long words and short sentences, but the number of words in the whole article is certain. The level of each sentence is also certain

Characters can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) poem; (2) alto; (3) Long tune. Some people think that words below 58 are minor, words between 59 and 90 are middle key, and words below 9 1 are long key. Although this division is too absolute, the general situation is still the same.

There are already some medium-long tunes in Dunhuang Quzi Ci. Liu Yong wrote some long tunes in the early Song Dynasty. Su Shi, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian and others followed closely, and long tunes became popular. The characteristics of long tunes, in addition to the large number of words, are that the rhyme is generally sparse.

Longer words can also be divided into two, three and four tones.

[Edit this paragraph] plaque

The epigraph is the name of the word format. The format of words is different from that of metrical poems: there are only four formats of metrical poems, but there are always more than 1000 formats of words (these formats are called music scores). People can't call them the first class, the second class and so on, so they are given some names. These names are epigrams. Sometimes, several formats share a epigraph because they are several variants of the same format; Sometimes, the same format has several names, just because the names are different.

About the origin of epigraph, there are about the following three situations:

It was originally the name of music. For example, Bodhisattva Man is said to be due to the tribute paid by the female country in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. They wear a high bun, a golden crown and garlands (garlands are jewelry worn on their bodies), like bodhisattvas. At that time, the teaching workshop was also divided into "Bodhisattva Manqu". It is said that Tang Yizong loved to sing the word "Bodhisattva Crossing the River", which was a popular song at that time. "Xijiang Moon", "Pine Wind" and "Recent Flowers" all belong to this category. These are folk tunes.

(2) Choose a few words from a word as an inscription. For example, Qin Yi E, because the first two sentences of the first word written in this format are "Xiao Shengyan, dreams are broken", so the epigraph is called E, also called E. Memorizing Jiangnan was originally named Wang Jiangnan, also known as Xie Qiuniang. But Bai Juyi has a poem praising "Jiangnan is good", and the last sentence is "Can you forget Jiangnan", so the epigraph is also called memorizing Jiangnan. Dream as a Dream was originally named Yi Xian Zi and later renamed Dream as a Dream, which was written by Zhuang Zong in the late Tang Dynasty. Niannujiao is also called no return to the river, because Su Shi has a poem "Niannujiao", and the first sentence is "No return to the river". It is also called "the moon on the Yangtze River" because the last three words of Su Shi are "the moon on the Yangtze River".

(3) It is the topic of words. The lyrics of "Treading on a Horse" are about dancing, the lyrics of "Riding and Dancing" are about riding and dancing, Ai Naiqu is about boating, the fishing song is about fishing, the waves are about scouring the sand, the ball throwing music is about throwing hydrangeas, and the lost son is about the night. This situation is the most common. Where the epigraph is marked with "original intention", that is to say, the epigraph is also a topic, and there are no other topics.

But most words don't use the original meaning, so there are prefixes besides epigrams. Generally, the topic is marked with smaller words under the inscription. In this case, the inscription has nothing to do with the inscription. A "Waves on the Beach" is not about waves or sand at all; A poem "Recalling Jiangnan" can also not talk about Jiangnan at all. In this way, the epigraph is the word spectrum.

[Edit this paragraph] [Example] Two tones, three folds and four folds

The words are monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic and tetrasyllabic.

A monotonous word is often a poem. It's like a poem, but only a long and short sentence. For example:

Word style

Generally speaking, there are two schools: bold and graceful.

Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia

(Song) Su Shi

The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever.

Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs.

The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow.

The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.

Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit.

A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes.

I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely.

Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.

Yugezi

Zhang

Egrets fly in front of mount cisse,

Peach blossom and flowing water mandarin fish fertilizer.

Green bamboo hat,

Green hemp fiber,

There is no need to return to the oblique wind and drizzle.

well

[Song] Li Qingzhao

Last night, it was raining and suddenly the wind blew.

Deep sleep won't leave a hangover.

Ask the shutter man,

However, Haitang remains the same.

Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what?

It should be green, fat and thin!

Some disyllabic words are minor, others are alto or long. Disyllabic is to divide a word into two parts. The number of words in the two lines is equal or almost equal, and so is the level tone. In this way, an equal number of words is like a music score with two lyrics. Unequal, usually the first two or three sentences are different in number or level, which is the most common form of the so-called "head change" disyllabic words. For example:

Tashahang Chenzhou Hotel

[Song] Qin Guan

Mist lost the balcony,

The maze of the moon,

Taoyuan is nowhere to be found.

Can be lonely as a cold spring;

The sun sets in the cuckoo's song.

Bottoms,

Fishbone,

Build by laying bricks or stones into this disgusting appearance!

Fortunately, Chen Qiang bypassed Chen Shan.

Who gave up Xiaoxiang for?

The partridge can't see the plum.

[Song] Xin Qiji

Thousands of feet ice flows at a hundred paces.

Chai Men is open to water.

Clouds are shrouded in smoke,

The wild water is idle and the sun is coming.

Dress gently and gracefully,

After Cui Wei,

When was Lindong planted?

Although there are many bamboos swaying,

The romance of decoration owes plum blossoms.

He Xinlang sent Hu Bangheng to NSW.

[Song] Zhang

Dream around shenzhou road.

The autumn wind draws corners,

The Forbidden City is far from Xiaomi.

The bottom layer is mainly Kunlun.

Nine rehmannia flow disorderly injection?

Thousand villages gather foxes and rabbits.

God's will is never easy to ask,

It is easy to be sad when you are old, but difficult to sue.

More Nanpu,

Send you away.

The cold willows on the shore urge the waste heat.

Sparse stars and pale moon,

The cloud broke.

Does Wan know where it is?

Looking back at the night talk.

Before the geese arrived,

Whose book is it?

Look up at the sky, cherish the present,

Ken had a grudge against Cao.

Raise the white flag,

Listen to the golden thread

("Who can't be a goose without books?" According to the law of words, one sentence should be read. )

Like "Step on Shakespeare" and "The Fisherman's Pride", the words before and after are exactly the same. Other words, before and after, before and after are basically the same.

30% off is three shovels, 40% off is 40% off. Triple and quadruple words are rare, so I won't give examples here.

[Edit this paragraph] Ci noun explanation

Ci: a literary genre that originated in the Five Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty and was popular in the Song Dynasty.

Quzi Ci: The words in Tang and Five Dynasties are called Quzi Ci.

Elegant Ci: After the Song Dynasty, the tone of Ci changed from vulgarity to elegance, which was called elegant Ci.

Gorgeous words: as opposed to elegant words.

Side color words: namely color words.

Near-body Yuefu: "Near-body Yuefu" is the name of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Music Yuefu: Create your own new songs and combine their sounds with the old ones.

Big words: Song people used slow songs as big words.

Small words: Song people take order, quotation and proximity as small words.

Nanci: Northerners call this word Nanci to distinguish it from (Qu).

Nanle: Yuan people also called Nanle.

Long and short sentences: after the Song Dynasty, it can be said that long and short sentences are aliases of words, but in the Northern Song Dynasty, long and short sentences are the original names of words; In the Tang Dynasty, long and short sentences were still a poetic noun.