What cold knowledge can you learn first if you want to know the real Yuan Dynasty?

The Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty established by Mongols and the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities (both the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Liao and Jin Dynasties were based on parts of the north). When it comes to Mongolia, the most familiar person must be Genghis Khan. Many people think that Genghis Khan is the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, but it is not. Genghis Khan founded Great Mongolia, and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty was his grandson Kublai Khan. It is worth mentioning that Kublai Khan's father in The Legend of the Condor Heroes is familiar to us? Torian replied? Do you suddenly feel familiar with a lot?

Let's start with the country name. What was the name of the Yuan Dynasty? This is different from the name of the dynasty in the past. Some people may question it. Why is it different? Aren't big fellow and big song two words? What needs to be emphasized here is that Han and Da Song are honorifics, but in fact, the country's title is Han and Song.

Dayuan? This country name comes from the Book of Changes. Great Gan Yuan? This sentence is probably to boast of its vast territory, as boundless as the sky. Speaking of it, it also conforms to the grassland people's belief in longevity. It is estimated that Kublai Khan's cultural officials in China must have damaged many brain cells to come up with this name.

02, the relationship between the yuan dynasty and the Mongolian empire.

Most people think that the Yuan Dynasty and the Mongolian Empire are the same thing, but they are not. The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan in 127 1 year, while the Mongolian Empire was generally recognized as founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. It can be said that the Mongolian Empire was the predecessor of the Yuan Dynasty.

Genghis Khan conquered Western Liao, Walla and Xixia, and laid a vast territory. His son and grandson continued to destroy Xu Jinguo and Korea, and went on an expedition to Europe, occupying Moscow in the north, attacking Hungary, Poland and other Eastern European countries in the west, and destroying the Arab Empire. Genghis Khan divided these places into his brothers, sons and nephews. As their tribes, they formed khanates of all sizes. And leave the headquarters to his successor. At the same time, this Khan is also the Lord of the Quartet, and other small khanates should follow his will.

But when Kublai Khan's younger brother, Mongo, was sweating like a pig, he suddenly died in the war with the Southern Song Dynasty (The Condor Heroes said that he was killed by Yang Guo with a flying stone). Kublai Khan and his younger brother Ali Bouguer were both eligible for inheritance, so they went to war with each other.

After playing for four years, Ali Buge won the support of Mongolian aristocrats, because Kublai Khan basically stayed in the north of the Central Plains, and his manners were very China-like, but Kublai Khan won the strong support of the Han landlords in the Central Plains, with stronger manpower and material resources. Grassland does not produce steel and lacks craftsmen. Grain, cloth, medicinal materials and other materials can't catch up with the Central Plains. Kublai Khan, with stronger armament, finally defeated Ali Bug and won the position of Khan. But at the same time, Kublai Khan fell out with many old Mongolian nobles, so the area controlled by Kublai Khan was actually much worse than the previous generation. For example, Central Asia, West Asia and southern Russia are all under the control of the four great khanates and basically do not listen to the central authorities. Kublai Khan was helpless. After all, the area he directly controls is large enough. In addition to the present territory of China, it also includes Outer Mongolia, which extends to Sakhalin Island in the northeast, Indo-China Peninsula in the south and east. The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty ranked first among the ancient dynasties in China.

03, the yuan dynasty initiated the provincial system?

We are used to calling places provinces now, such as Henan Province and Zhejiang Province. This system originated in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, the central government set up a Chinese book province, which was responsible for all-round government affairs. Inherit the son of heaven and be the general manager? ; At the local level, a running book province, referred to as the running province, was established accordingly.

Speaking of in-line memory books may be a bit unfamiliar, but it is mentioned? Palace? You must be familiar with it. Palace is the palace when the emperor travels. As the name suggests, it is a movable palace. So it's extended to all provinces, right? China Book Province in Action? This is also the view of scholar Qian Mu.

In the frontier areas conquered by the Yuan Dynasty, special provinces will be set up, for example, on the Korean Peninsula? Expropriation of eastern provinces? Zhina Peninsula was founded? Annan province? 、? Occupy cities and provinces? Often, the chief executive is concurrently appointed by the former king and is relatively independent. For example, the Chief Executive of the Eastern Province is concurrently held by the King of South Korea.

04. The nobles in Yuan Dynasty liked to marry in North Korea.

Empresses in Korea are all royal princesses in the Yuan Dynasty, and nobles in the Yuan Dynasty also like to marry Korean women. Now there is a Korean drama "The Miracle Queen" which tells the story of Yuan Shundi who was born in Korea. In fact, Korea did become a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and even after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, she still refused to submit to the Ming Dynasty.

05. The Yuan Dynasty perished for one hundred years? dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty ruled brutally, and local officials did not pay attention to building water conservancy projects. As a result, natural disasters and man-made disasters continued, and peasant uprisings often occurred. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a vigorous red scarf uprising broke out, which severely hit the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang emerged from it and became the biggest force, and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368. Later, when the Northern Expedition captured most of China, Yuan Shundi could not resist the grassland and fled to the north in fear. It is generally believed that the Yuan Dynasty, as a unified dynasty, perished and fled from Kublai Khan to Yuan Shundi in ***98, so it is often said that yuan dynasty history is only a hundred years old.

However, after Yuan Shundi fled back to the grassland, he still maintained his rule in the Yuan Dynasty. What is this called? Beiyuan? During the period, as a continuation of the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi still claimed to be the great Yuan Di at that time because the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty were no longer a unified dynasty.

Yuan Shundi died soon after, and his son Yuan Zhaozong and later Emperor Tianyuan continued to harass the Ming border after he succeeded to the throne. Zhu Can yuan Zhang how to bear this kind of anger? For more than ten years, he sent troops and horses to the Northern Expedition, and recovered the remaining sites of the Northern Yuan Dynasty one by one, leaving only grasslands, mainly because the terrain was complex and failed to go deep. Later, during the sixth Northern Expedition, the famous aquamarine traveled thousands of miles and killed the fishing boy sea (now Zhong Lake in Inner Mongolia). On a snowy day, the small court in Beiyuan didn't know, and only the emperor of Beiyuan fled with the prince.

Although Emperor Tianyuan and the Prince escaped by luck, their luck was really bad. When I turned around, I met the descendants of Alibaba, who were also dying. Naturally, they would not be polite to the descendants of Kublai Khan, the enemy, and directly killed the two men. Since then, the title of the Yuan Dynasty has not been continued, and the Yuan Dynasty has completely perished. This is 1388. After Beiyuan fled Yuan Shundi, it survived for 20 years.

Here, we briefly summarize the five cold knowledge of the Yuan Dynasty:

Genghis Khan only established Mongolia, while his grandson Kublai Khan established it? Dayuan? North Korea, the title is from the Book of Changes; The Yuan Dynasty is not equal to the Mongolian Empire, which includes the Yuan Dynasty. The Mongolian empire has a vast territory. During Genghis Khan's reign, all khanates belonged to Genghis Khan's headquarters, but during Kublai Khan's reign, the headquarters belonged to Zhili Khan? Dayuan? The relationship with other four great khanates is almost independent of each other, and there is no absolute obedience; The provincial system initiated by the Yuan Dynasty has been in use ever since. There were frequent marriages between the Yuan Dynasty and Korea, and the Empresses of Korea were generally princesses of the Yuan Dynasty. Dayuan? Surrender to the court; From Kublai Khan's establishment of the Yuan Dynasty to Zhu Yuanzhang's expulsion of Yuan Shundi to the grassland beyond the Great Wall, the Yuan Dynasty was 98 years, less than 100. If the Northern Yuan Dynasty is regarded as a continuation of the Yuan Dynasty, it is considered that the Yuan Dynasty is 1 18(98+20).