Selected couplets

Couplets, one of the traditional cultures in China, also called couplets or couplets, are antithetical sentences written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. The antithesis of couplets is neat and even, which is a unique artistic form of Chinese language. Next, I sorted out the types of couplets for you. Welcome to read!

1, the types of couplets

First, classified by purpose:

General couplets-such as Spring Festival couplets; Special couplets-such as tea couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, elegiac couplets, industry couplets, motto couplets, gift couplets, question and answer couplets, etc.

1, Spring Festival couplets: special couplets for Chinese New Year.

Such as: Kyushu willow spits green; Peach and apricot compete for spring in May.

2. Greeting couplets: used for birthday, wedding, housewarming, having children, opening business and other festive occasions.

Such as: a pair of red hearts for the four modernizations; Two new hand-painted pictures. (Xi Lian), as happy as the East China Sea; Life is better than Nanshan. (first couplet)

3. elegiac couplet: used to mourn the dead.

For example, books have a strong future and will shock the world; Let the spirit shine forever and then benefit the people.

4. Gift giving: praise or encourage others to use it.

Such as: wind, rain, reading, the sound in the ear; Family affairs, state affairs and everything in the world care about everything.

5. Self-encouragement: Self-encouragement.

For example, books about the country are often read; Nothing is useless to body and mind.

6. Industry Association: Different industries are posted at the gate or in the store.

Such as: to know things from ancient times to the present; I have to read five books. (Bookstore) Although it is a clean business; But it's top kung fu. (Barber shop) welcomes guests in spring, summer, autumn and winter; Entertain people from east, west, north and south. (Hotel)

7. Yan Zhilian: the use of ambition.

Such as: I would rather be Zhao's ghost; Not for him, minister.

Second, classify by word.

1, short link (within the cross)

2. Zhonglian (within 100 words)

3, long couplets (100 words or more), etc.

Third, according to the classification of rhetorical skills

1, double connection: word right, object right, right right, opposition, work right, wide right, flow right, palindrome right, top right.

2. Rhetoric couplets: metaphor, exaggeration, backchat, pun, rhetorical question and homophonic.

3. Skill association: embedded words, hidden words, compound words, overlapping words, radicals, word analysis, word segmentation and numbers.

Fourthly, classify conjunctions according to their sources.

1, sentence-set couplet: a couplet composed entirely of ready-made sentences in ancient poetry.

2. Ci couplets: couplets composed of ancient Copybook for calligraphy articles and characters.

3. Sentence-picking couplets: Couplets made by picking antithetical sentences directly from other people's poems.

4. Create couplets: couplets independently created by the author.

Verbs (short for verb) are classified according to content.

1, holiday couplets: refers to couplets with specific timeliness or commemoration, and the contents are mostly general chanting, lyricism, discussion and wishes.

2. Jubilee couplets: also known as greeting couplets, refer to couplets with a certain congratulatory nature in addition to festivals and celebrations.

3. elegiac couplet: also known as elegiac couplet, it refers to the couplet used to mourn the dead.

4. Scenic couplets: refers to couplets posted, hung and carved at scenic spots.

5. Industry couplets: refers to couplets whose contents are aimed at a certain industry, department or field.

6. Inscription of couplets: refers to couplets inscribed to others.

7. Miscellaneous couplets: refers to couplets with a wide range of contents without specific objects.

8. Academic couplets: refers to couplets with certain academic nature.

9. Funny couplets: refer to couplets that emphasize interest or skill, but pay relatively little attention to content.

2. Types of couplets

There are many kinds of couplets, also called couplets, and there are many wonderful pairs left over from ancient times. Let me focus on them.

First, in the case of judgment, it is also called self-right. For example, "Sunset pursues Qi Fei alone, autumn waters and sky are the same color", "Sunset" and "lonely pursuit", "autumn waters" and "sky" all form self-pairing.

Second, every word. Also known as Fan Yes. For example, "the mountain is not high, and there is a fairy to be named; If the water is not deep, the dragon works as a spirit, the mountain is not high, the water is not deep, the fairy is named, and the dragon works as a spirit.

Third, overlapping words. For example, the famous West Lake Union "Mountains and rivers, Xiu Xiu everywhere; Rain or shine, always be curious. "

Fourth, the truth, also known as Julian, is connected with the last word and the first word in the sentence before and after. For example, "look at me, I am not me, I look at me, and I am not me; Who pretends to be like who, who pretends to be like who. "

Fifth, inlay, inlay some special words in couplets. For example, "sit south and eat watermelon, with the skin facing east;" Read from top to bottom, turn left, and turn the book to the right. "

Six, Tibetan character lattice, commonly known as Tibetan head lattice, also known as crane top pair. For example, "the moon always shines on me; Breeze has nothing to do but turn over books. It is obvious that the beginning of the couplet is inlaid with the words "Ming" and "Qing". Other words hidden in the second, third, middle, fifth, sixth and last words are called swallow chin lattice, kite shoulder lattice, bee waist lattice, crane knee lattice, Yanling lattice and Tibetan tail lattice respectively. There are many kinds of Tibetan character lattice.

Seventh, palindromes enable couplets to be read in order and in reverse order. For example, the famous "Shanghai tap water comes from the sea; Before the front door taxi is rented out. "

Eighth, Brother Fei Bai, also known as rude, deliberately digress and put my foot in my mouth. This is the most interesting couplet. Here are two examples.

In the early years of the Republic of China, a restaurant in Chongqing produced "Samsung Brandy" to attract couplets. Even the experts responded one after another, but the boss was never satisfied. At that time, Guo Moruo was still young. When he heard the news, he thought of a famous dish in Sichuan that could be associated with wine, that is, the second couplet "Huangmeitian in May". Every word from "May" to "Samsung", "Huangmeitian" to "Brandy" is neat, but the meaning is completely irrelevant.

Zhang Zhidong, minister of the late Qing Dynasty, hosted a banquet in Taoranting, Beijing, in honor of couplets. Zhang Zhidong came out right: "Taoranting." According to common sense, the bottom line should also use the name of the land, but Li Wentian, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, changed the name of the land to "Zhang Zhidong". Zhang and Tao are both surnames; "Zhi" is a function word of "Ran"; "Cave" and "Pavilion" are the names of things, and the words are paired, meaning "heartless". Everyone laughed at each other. The latter wrote the first couplet in a poem: "A tree travels a thousand miles to find an axe", but Zhang Zhidong objected: "It's really irrelevant". Fruit is the name of the tree; "A little" is a quantifier for "Chihiro" (eight feet in ancient times); "Dry" and "axe" are the names of instruments ("dry" is an ancient weapon). The upper and lower sentences are extremely neat, but the meaning of the sentence is irrelevant, wonderful!

3. Types of couplets

First, the classification and summary of couplets:

Allegory, vernacular, homophonic, mosaic, absence, separation, phonology, contradiction, homophonic and ingenious.

Overlap, ambiguity, meaning, indifference, inversion, inversion, inversion, inversion, inversion, inversion, homophonic, inversion, inversion, homophonic, homophonic, thimble, hidden word, overlap, compound word, split word, compound word, couplet, radical.

2. Classification and analysis of couplets;

1 couplet

This is an allegorical couplet.

For example:

Right and wrong, right and wrong, right and wrong;

Affirmation and negation, negation and affirmation, affirmation and negation (written in the period of ten years of turmoil)

2 Vernacular couplets

It is expressed in spoken language, cordial and pleasant.

For example:

Busy becoming famous, busy making profits, taking time off from work to have a cup of tea;

Work hard, work hard, have fun in pain, and bring a pot of wine.

3 combination

In fact, it is to take a word apart and then put it together.

For example:

I miss my hometown, my friends and my parents. Qianlong

Thank you for your words, thank you for your days, thank you for your land, and thank you for your king. Ji xiaolan

Here, "thinking" and "solution" are separated and combined. This kind of couplet is called combination pair.

The cold rain hits the window, two o'clock in the east and three o'clock in the west.

Slice the melon, with eight vertical knives and seven horizontal knives. (Su Shi)

Four homophonic pairs

It is to use the harmony of pronunciation to make puns, which has an interesting effect.

Lotus seeds are bitter in heart;

Pears are sour in the abdomen.

Jin Shengtan sighed before the execution. "Lotus" and "pity" are harmonious; "Pear" and "Li" are homophonic.

Step 5 inlay couplets

Couplets are embedded with names of people, places or things to be expressed.

Related mosaic:

Tower lights, layers of kongming.

It is too white to pick lotus roots in the lotus pond.

Six missing word pairs

It's a pun with a blank meaning.

For example, a poor scholar posted Spring Festival couplets for the New Year.

Two, three, four, five; Six seven eight nine. Horizontal batch: North and South.

That is, the first part (lack of one) is homophonic (lack of clothes and food), and the second part (lack of ten) is homophonic (lack of food), indicating that one's life is difficult. Horizontal criticism: North and South means they have nothing.

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One two three four five six seven (forget eight)

Filial piety, brother, loyalty, faith, courtesy, righteousness and sincerity (shameless)

7 hyphenation

This is a unique form of couplets. Word segmentation, also known as word analysis and clutch, is to separate the components of Chinese characters into other words (or shapes) and give each word (or shape) a new meaning. The antithetical couplet is just the opposite of the combined couplet. Splitting couplets is to split a word, and combining couplets is to split a word and then combine it.

Pinquan tea, three mouthfuls of white water;

Zhu Xian 'an, a native of two mountains.

8 phonological association

In a sentence, every clause rhymes at the end

Luoyang bridge, buckwheat on the bridge, the wind blows buckwheat to move the bridge

Nautilus island, get off the boat in the state, the water does not flow.

Bai Yunfeng, the maple tree on the summit, the wind is blowing the maple tree, and the summit is still.

Qingsi Road, the heron on the roadside and the heron in Luda didn't fly.

9 contradiction

It is to use antonyms to write couplets that seem contradictory but are not contradictory.

Big Miss Xi Hei Bai Cai

Tall dwarfs eat hot bean jelly.

10 Tong Yunlan

That is, a word uses multiple parts of speech or homophones.

For example, there is a couplet in "Heaping Bases": the horse is loose in the cage, and the cage is loose and the horse runs; Chicken cover chicken, chicken cover is broken, chicken cover is broken. There are many ways to make this connection. Cage and cage horse, cage horse and cage horse, chicken cover and chicken cover, chicken cover and chicken cover are all cycles in the sentence. The cage is loose, the cage is loose, the lid is broken, the lid is broken. Cage and cover are both nouns and verbs, and they are also flexible parts of speech.

Inexpensive appreciation way:

Li hit the carp, which sank to the bottom of the water, and Li sank the carp to float.

The wind blows the bees, the bees fall to the ground, and the wind flies (Li)

Draw a picture of a lotus monk (Tang Bohu)

Lin Shu Han Shu Lin Hanshu (Li Diaoyuan)

1 1 Qiao Attachment

Straw sticks to the seedlings, and the father holds the child.

Mother Wyer of Bamboo Shoots and Baskets (Xiong Tingbi)

The moonlight shines on the screen window, and everyone is wise

There are snowflakes in Meiling, and there are fragrant hills and Bai Letian everywhere.

12 overlapping connection

Is to use the overlapping of words to write couplets.

Two jade belts floated down from the clear spring at the foot of the Buddha.

A string of pearls appeared in Baotu Spring, the source of living water in Qianfo Mountain, Qishan.

Mountains and rivers, Xiu Xiu everywhere.

Sunny and rainy days are always wonderful-a pavilion in Zhongshan Park of West Lake

Eyes full of green and red, Yingying Yan Yan.

Ups and downs, year after year-West Lake Flower Temple Union

The sea inclines to the north and south.

The clouds are getting longer and longer.

13 disambiguation

A pair of couplets has different interpretations because of the different positions of broken sentences.

It is unlucky to meet spring tomorrow.

Bad luck all year round, less money (bad luck all year round, less money)-Zhu Zhishan

Can you live here safely? This is a safe place.

He is so sad! He is kind, but not sad.

Cheap or not, cheap (cheap no, cheap, cheap)

Affordable but not affordable (affordable, affordable, affordable) Horizontal batch: cheap and good quality.

14 loveless pair

Only pay attention to the relative words of the upper and lower couplets. As for the content, they are all different and absolutely irrelevant, giving people a strange and unpredictable taste.

The moon is full,

Hongxing Erguotou

15 reverse parallel connection

That is, the upper part is reading and the lower part is reading, and the meaning is complete. The upper couplet can be read backwards as the lower couplet, or the upper couplet and the lower couplet can be read backwards as the new couplet at the same time, with smooth sentences and complete meaning, or called "inverted couplet"

Guests come to live naturally,

In fact, the guest in the sky (Ji Xiaolan)

The fog locks the mountain.

The sky is connected with the tail water.

Wanglouhai Wanghailou

The water is on every day.

16 lovelorn

The so-called "Jue" in couplets generally has two meanings: first, it refers to the skills and diction of couplets that are unprecedented or even unparalleled, which makes people sigh. Second, because the conjunctions are ingenious, novel and difficult, they are often called absolute sentences or Pian Yu.

Yansuochi Liu Tang

Paozhen tower

Water-cooled shower, a little water, two water, three water.

Lilac flower, hundred prefix, thousand prefix, ten thousand prefix

17 reconnection

That is, the original couplet is still a good couplet, but the meaning has changed.

For example, Su Shi's erudition made him proud. He once wrote a couplet saying:

Know all the words in the world and read all the books in the world.

Proud love takes in everything in a glance, scolded by his mother, and then after many things, so he changed the couplet:

Make up your mind to read all the books in the world.

18 long sleep

Couplets have many words and complex structures, but they are also neat. For example, there is a couplet on the upper floor of Kunming Grand View Garden, which is called "The First Long Couplet in Ancient and Modern Times" and reads *** 180. The full text is as follows:

Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake, rushing to the fundus. I was very happy when I was lying on the shore. Look: Dong Jun; Western spiritual instruments; Go north, winding; It is better to choose the winner than to board the chessboard. Taking advantage of the snail state of crab island, it will be windy and foggy when you comb the incense. More frequent days and reeds are dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Don't live up to it: fragrant rice around you; Sand cleaning; Nine summer hibiscus; Three spring willows

Thousands of years ago, keep it in mind. Empty the wine and sigh where the hero is. Think: biography of Han Xilou; Tang Biao iron column; Song wields a jade axe; Yuan straddles the leather bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a building with a bead curtain, and the volume is not as good as the sunset rain. Then I broke the wreckage and gave it all to the pale smoke. Only win: a few minutes; Half a river fishing fire; Two rows of autumn geese; A frosting pillow.

19 as a sentence pair

A kind of duality, in which some words in a sentence are self-dual, is called sentence pair.

The world is scarred, and the poet is a saint.

The sufferings of the people and the waves at the bottom of the pen —— Du Fu's ode by Guo Moruo

Sprinkle it in the greenhouse and grind the needle stone.

Relying on the sword, hanging the bow to help the mulberry.

20 homophones

Using the characteristics of Chinese polyphonic characters, special couplets with the same word and different sounds can be called homographs.

Tune the piano, tune the new song, tune it beautifully.

Plant flowers, plant seeds, plant seeds, plant seeds and plant incense.

The first part: one, three, eight-character pronunciation (bar), tone (tone), other pronunciation (drop), tone (tone).

Downward: One character, three characters and eight characters are pronounced with the sound removed and the rest are pronounced with the sound, the species and the species.

Chao Chao Chao Xi

Long long long.

Fuzhou luoxing tower

Pronunciation: Super Super Super, Super Super Super Xi.

Pronunciation: long rise, long rise, long fall.

Hang Hang Hang Hang Hang Hang Hang.

Long long long.

Pronunciation: Hang Hang, Hang Hang, Hang Hang, Hang Hang and Hangzhou.

Pronunciation: long, long and long.

2 1 homophonic duplex

Homophonic duplex makes use of the homonym relationship between language and words, so that a sentence involves two things or two contents, and expresses the author's meaning in a pun.

The breeze is everywhere and I can't stand it.

When will the moon shine again?

The first part: "Qing" means the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Part II: The Bright Moon misses the Ming Dynasty.

Spiders under the eaves are full of ideas.

Earthworms in front of the court are full of mud.

The first part: the harmony between silk and privacy.

The second part: "mud" and "doubt", dialect pronunciation.

There are no couplets

As the name implies, no one can get the next couplet.

In the bell and drum tower, the bell rang all night.

Scholars in this world are all nearsighted.

A good woman is born and asks who can match at the door.

Palindrome is reversed.

The upper couplet in couplets can be read backwards as the lower couplet, or the upper couplet and the lower couplet can be read backwards as the new couplet at the same time, with smooth sentences and complete meaning, or called the inverted couplet.

People pass by Buddhist temples.

The Buddha in the temple is bigger than others.

Langzhong Wang Liruo

Li Ruo Wang Zhonglang

Shangke Tian Ran Bureau

The Incredible Skywalker

24-bit digital combination

Digital couplets are a clever pair of numbers in China's ancient couplets. Although there are only a few numbers, they can change endlessly, which makes people get great interest.

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The water-cooled Golden Cold Fire Temple is under construction.

What is an officer who diverts from South to North?

On the "five elements" of joints.

The second part is "five sides".

Thousands of bricks and tiles make a cross temple in a hundred days.

Two oars in a boat, three people crossing the stone bridge.

The reopening of flowers and three seven years.

The ancient and rare double celebration has another spring and autumn.

One palm, five fingers, three long and two short.

Liuhe is inserted underground, and seven floors extend in all directions.

Iced wine is one point two thirty.

Lilacs have a hundred heads and a thousand heads.

25 homophones

Putting one word or several words with different meanings but the same pronunciation in a couplet is called "homonym with different meanings".

There is no mountain like Wushan.

What water can be as clear as river water?

Part one: "Wu" and "Wu" are homonyms.

In a word: "He" and "He" are homophonic.

Stealing chickens and eating rice, beating children

The summer mouse coughed with cold beams.

The first part: chicken homophonic, stealing rice homophonic and Tong Tong homophonic.

Part One: Summer Rat Homophony, Bright Homophony and Keke Homophony.

26 thimble

Taking the bottom word of the first sentence of the couplet as the first word of the next sentence, so that the two adjacent sentences are connected end to end, is also called "Julian Pair" and "Lian Jin Pair".

Open your mouth and laugh. Laugh at everything today.

A big belly can tolerate nature, but can't tolerate itself.

The golden willow on the Jinshui River runs through goldfish mouth.

Hosta flowers outside the jade railing are inserted on the jade head.

Thousands of miles are the mountains and waters of Chongqing.

A man makes a great country, a great country and a great monarch.

27 Steganography

In couplets, some words are consciously omitted to express a certain meaning skillfully, while others are similar to a riddle. Couplets are riddles, and argot is the answer. This kind of couplet is called "hidden couplet".

Hidden word couplets, also known as missing word couplets and hidden word couplets, deliberately omit some words that need to be highlighted in couplets to convey the meaning and meaning skillfully. Among them, there are many excellent works with ingenious ideas, strange techniques and vivid language, which are breathtaking to read and memorable.

Legend has it that Lv Mengzheng, a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born into a poor family when he was a teenager. On New Year's Eve, he saw that his family was poor, so he wrote such a couplet and posted it on both sides of the gate:

2345; Six seven eight nine.

Horizontal batch: North and South.

Shanghai Federation and Shanghai Federation deliberately lack "one" and "ten", and horizontal criticism deliberately lacks "things", which means "lack of clothes and food, nothing". This couplet is cleverly conceived, which shows the author's poverty and bitterness in a subtle and humorous way.

Someone laughed at a quack named "Jisheng":

Not necessarily fierce; There have been ups and downs.

This pair of couplets hides the words "good luck" and "fate" in the idioms "bring good luck to every misfortune" and "bring back the dead" respectively, and hides the name of "good luck" of quack doctors, satirizing quack doctors for not having "good luck" and "fate" in treating diseases.

28 overlapping compound words

In couplets, one or several identical words overlap one after another, which is called "overlapping words", and one or several words appear repeatedly according to certain rules, which is called "compound words".

It is closer to the top of the mountain than to the mountainside.

The moon floats to the bottom and then sinks.

High in the tree, ding-dong, ding-dong, spring.

A winding ring road with overlapping mountains

Green, green and red everywhere, Yingying Yanyan.

Flowers, plants and grass are in the morning and evening.

29 pairs of split-word and combined-word couplets

Couplets can be divided into two words, one word is divided into several words, or several words are combined into one word, which constitutes a literal duality. Of course, there are also some analytical words, which contain some subtle ideological content.

Look at the wood on the door.

Si Shin Kuhn Ueda

The first part: the word "leisure".

The second part: the word "Xiang".

There is less water and sand.

It is made of earth embankment.

Silkworm is a world worm.

Hong is a riverside bird.

Walk past three stones in Qiao Lei.

The way to separate the two mountains

Open the word "Lei" on the upper part.

Disassemble the word "Chu" in the next couplet.

The freezing rain sprinkled people at two o'clock in the east and three o'clock in the west.

Divide customers.

Unpack the words "frozen" and "sprinkled" in the first couplet.

Unpack the word "cut" and "divide" in the upper part.

30. The first link with the radical part

The first joint of the same radical is the same as the first joint of the same training radical. After careful consideration, the couplet composed of Chinese characters with the same radicals is called "the first couplet with radicals".

For example, in the first year of the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty, Prime Minister Ye passed through Fuzhou and stayed at the home of the new champion Weng. Weng said impromptu:

Spoiled in poverty, lonely in poverty.

Ye saw that the couplet was covered with the words Bao Gai. At first, he was surprised, and then he said:

The guest officer is a palace officer, and the rich room is tolerant.

One of the more wonderful photos is:

Yi Yin, Ruan Yuan.

Yi Yin was a famous politician in Shang Dynasty, and Ruan Yuan was a famous scholar and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. They are all names and radicals, so the antithesis is neat.

There is also a picture on the same side in this year's Spring Festival Evening.

Qinghai Shanglian: The source of Shui Ze is rivers, lakes and seas;

Gansu bottom line: gold, silver, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc.

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Crying and choking my throat.

Tears flow to Xiangjiang River.

Spoiled Su Han's family, poor windows and loneliness.

The guest officer is tolerant of the palace and the rich room.

Drive Sao and horses.

Planting Dalbergia and Ficus fragrans

Lotus root, lotus root and lotus moss

The core of hibiscus peony is fragrant.