Reading comprehension of northern classical Chinese.

1. An extremely important sentence in "Watching Fish in the Northern Ming Dynasty" is: "The husband defends the debate of six qi with the meaning of heaven and earth, and it is evil if he swims endlessly."

Explanation: To achieve absolute freedom, we need to conform to the original appearance of heaven and earth and control the changes of six qi, so as to get rid of the shackles of time and space and not rely on any external objects. However, if we only look at this sentence, we may understand the meaning of true freedom and absolute freedom, but we still can't communicate with Zhuangzi ideologically, because in order to explain the simple and seemingly irrefutable view of "conforming to nature", Zhuangzi constantly made a stand before breaking it in "Happy Travel", making people understand what is the "debate between small and big" (the difference between small and big), that is, the view of "seeing big with small".

How to understand Qi Xiaoda? Most people will start with Cao Jun, Fu, Ming Tombs and Peng Zu. But in fact, the idea of "Qi Xiaoda" runs through the whole article of Xiaoyao Tour.

What is Kun? In Happy Travel, Kun is a big fish, but in fact, in ancient times, Kun meant small fish. How small is it? Have you ever seen fish eggs? In the eyes of the ancients, they could not be smaller.

Zhuangzi named fish after their eggs, which is one of the manifestations of Zhuangzi's thought of "Xiao Qi is big". What is Peng? Peng is a big bird, aiming high.

However, is this what Peng Zhen meant in Zhuangzi's Happy Journey? Is Zhuangzi completely positive about Peng Zhen? If this is the case, then Peng should be able to achieve the above sentence of "taking the meaning of heaven and earth", without relying on anything, to achieve absolute freedom and to achieve a truly carefree state. And Peng "went to rest in June" (walking with a strong wind in June).

It can be seen that Dapeng bird seems to be very inspirational and carefree. In fact, Zhuangzi first gave people the illusion that Peng was very powerful, and then indirectly denied this big bird, telling us that although it was big, it was not necessarily powerful. This is the second embodiment of Zhuangzi's "Xiao Qi's Great" thought.

When Zhuangzi expounded "Xiao Qi Big", he not only implied the small of the large, medium and small, but also denied the big, thus avoiding our tendency of being relatively small. Through two groups of PK's, he further explained that the first group of PK's of "Xiao Qi Big" were Mie and Snow Pigeon Laughing Dapeng Bird and Mie Laughing Dapeng Bird.

It seems that the two groups of PK actually express the same meaning. From the success of young people, we know that Zhuangzi wants to tell us that it is not advisable to laugh with laughter. So is it advisable to smile a little? Still not.

In the second PK, taking Song's still smiling as an example, Zhuangzi tells us that even if Song can clearly distinguish the difference between the outside world and the inner self without being influenced by it, and will not be desperate to pursue fame and fortune in the world, he still can't be "carefree" because he is "still alive". What is not planted? Let's call it narrow-minded, because he smiles very little, because a truly carefree person, whether "big" or "small", has no conceptual distinction at all, let alone the psychology of "comparing".

Faced with something "bigger" or "smaller" than himself, his experience and feelings are exactly the same. As can be seen from these two groups of PK, it is not desirable to laugh at all, and it is not desirable to laugh at all.

This is the third embodiment of Xiao Qi's thought. The above-mentioned Chao Jun, Fu, Ming Tombs, Peng Zu are all well understood, so I won't go into details. This is the fourth embodiment of the "big" thought.

Zhuangzi first set up a Dapeng bird to break it, then set up a ghost spirit to break it with a big toon, then set up Peng Zu to break it with a ghost spirit, then set up a song to break it with an example, and then set up a law to break it with "doing something" (in the meantime, countless similar relationships are omitted). This is how Zhuangzi made us understand "Xiao Qi Big".

Finally, let's talk about how to achieve absolute freedom, that is, real "freedom." "If a husband benefits from the righteousness of heaven and earth and resists the debate of six qi, he will swim endlessly and be evil."

Comply with the original appearance of heaven and earth, control the changes of six qi, and let yourself get rid of the shackles of time and space without any foreign objects. Extended data:

Original: There are fish in the Northern Ghost. The author of the pre-Qin version of Zhuang and Zhou Dynasties compares the fish in the Northern Ghost, and its name is Kun.

Kun is so big, I don't know its thousands of miles; Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away; Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds.

If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also.

"Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. "

Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest. The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone.

And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak. Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail. If you put a cup on it, it will be glue. The water is shallow and the boat is big.

The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak. Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky but don't die, then they will go to the south today.

Kun and Xue Dui laughed and said, "I decided to fly to grab the elm tree, but when it didn't arrive, I took control of the ground. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, can eat three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March. What do you know about the second worm? Little knowledge is not as good as great knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years.

What if I know? I don't know the future, I don't know the spring and autumn. There are ghosts in southern Chu, five hundred years old is spring, and five hundred years old is autumn; In ancient times, there was a big tree, eight thousand years old was spring, and eight thousand years old was autumn, which was also a big year.

Peng Zu has a long-standing reputation, and everyone is a horse. Not sad at all! The problem of soup is also a thorn. In the north of poverty, there is a ghost sea and Tianchi.

There is a kind of fish, which is thousands of miles wide. He who doesn't know his accomplishment is called Kun. There is a bird, named Peng, whose back is like Mount Tai, whose wings are like clouds hanging down to the sky, and whose angle is up to nine Wan Li, who is completely out of the clouds, and then turns south, becoming a ghost in the south.

He laughed at me and said, "What about the stone?" ? I jumped to my feet, but after counting down, I flew among Artemisia, which is also flying. And he's comfortable? "This little debate also.

Therefore, the husband knows the official effect, the action is better than the township, the morality is combined with the monarch, and the country-requisitioner regards himself. And the song still laughed.

And the world's reputation is not persuaded, and the world is not declining. It is already gone, depending on the distinction between inside and outside, and fighting for the realm of honor and disgrace.

2. The text of the first volume of the third grade "There are fish in the North Ghost" is called Kun.

Kun is so big, I don't know its thousands of miles; Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away; Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds.

If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming, and Nanming is Tianchi. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange.

The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest.

The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak.

Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail. If you put a cup on it, it will be glue. The water is shallow and the boat is big. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak.

Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky but don't die, then they will go to the south today. Kun and Xue Dui laughed and said, "I decided to fly to grab the elm tree, but when it didn't arrive, I took control of the ground. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, can eat three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March.

What do you know about the second worm? Little knowledge is not as good as great knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years. What if I know? I don't know the future, I don't know the spring and autumn.

There are ghosts in southern Chu, five hundred years old is spring, and five hundred years old is autumn; In ancient times, there was a big tree, eight thousand years old was spring, and eight thousand years old was autumn, which was also a big year. Peng Zu has a long-standing reputation, and everyone is a horse. Not sad at all! The problem of soup is also a thorn.

In the north of poverty, there is a ghost sea and Tianchi. There is a kind of fish, which is thousands of miles wide. He who doesn't know his accomplishment is called Kun.

There is a bird, named Peng, whose back is like Mount Tai, whose wings are like clouds hanging down to the sky, and whose angle is up to nine Wan Li, who is completely out of the clouds, and then turns south, becoming a ghost in the south. He laughed at me and said, "What about the stone?" ? I jumped to my feet, but after counting down, I flew among Artemisia, which is also flying.

And he and Shi are also? "This little debate also. Therefore, the husband knows the official effect, the action is better than the township, the morality is combined with the monarch, and the country-requisitioner regards himself.

However, Song still laughed: The reputation of the world without persuasion, the gas of the world without suppression, depending on the internal and external points, fighting for the realm of honor and disgrace, is already gone.

There are countless others in the world. Although, there are still trees.

Fu Liezi rode against the wind, Ling Ran was good, ten days and five days, and then reversed. The blessed don't count.

Although this is off-line, there are still things to do. Why is it evil for a husband to benefit from the righteousness of heaven and earth and resist the debate of six qi, and to swim endlessly? Therefore, to a person who doesn't have himself, the God-man is useless and the sage is nameless.

3. Ask junior high school classical Chinese that there is a kind of fish in the north, and there is a kind of fish in the north called Kun.

Kunda, thousands of miles away. Become a bird. Its name is Peng.

Peng's back, thousands of miles away, flew angrily, his wings hanging in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming.

South ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange.

The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest.

The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak.

Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail; If you cover a cup, it's glue. Shallow water makes a big boat. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak.

Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky and never die, then go to the south today. Kun and Xue Dui laughed and said, "I decided to fly to grab the elm tree, but when it didn't arrive, I took control of the ground. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, can eat three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; Those who are suitable for a hundred miles keep food, and those who are suitable for a thousand miles gather food in March.

What do you know about the second worm? Little knowledge is not as good as great knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years. What if I know? I don't know the future, I don't know the spring and autumn.

There are ghosts in southern Chu, and 500 years old is spring and 500 years old is autumn. In ancient times, there was a big tree, eight thousand years old was spring, and eight thousand years old was autumn.

This is also a big year. Peng Zu has a long reputation, and everyone is the best.

Don't be too sad! The thorn of the Tang question is also: "There is a ghost sea in the poor north, and Tianchi is also. There is a kind of fish, which is thousands of miles wide. He who doesn't know his accomplishment is called Kun.

There is a kind of bird called Peng. If the back is like Mount Tai, the wings are like clouds hanging in the sky.

It's nine Wan Li who rolled the corner and reached the top. If you lose the clouds and the sky, you can seek the south again, which is also suitable for the south. He laughed at me and said,' What about him? I jumped to my feet, but after counting down, I flew among Artemisia, which is also flying.

And he and Shi are also? "This little debate also. Therefore, the husband knows that being an official is better than being a township, and virtue and jun are combined. Those who levy the country also pretend to be like this.

Song still laughed: the world's reputation without persuasion, the world without love, depending on the internal and external points, fighting for the realm of honor and disgrace, has long gone forever.

There are countless others in the world. Although, there are still trees.

Fu Liezi walked against the wind, and Ling Ran did well. There are five days in ten days and then the other way around.

The blessed don't count. Although this is off-line, there are still things to do.

Why is it evil for a husband to benefit from the righteousness of heaven and earth and resist the debate of six qi, and to swim endlessly? Therefore, to a person who doesn't have himself, the God-man is useless and the sage is nameless.

4. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the questions 1-5, 1, its wings/if the cloud is hanging in the sky.

2.① Record; (2) leave, here refers to leave the north sea.

3. Because Kun Peng is ambitious, after nine days in the sea, Kun and Xue Fu can only stop at the tree. They don't understand what Kun Peng has done, let alone his ambition, so they will laugh at Kun Peng. (That's right)

4. The most obvious performance of Zhuangzi's short-sightedness in satirizing Xun He and learning the dove is: "What do two bugs know?" .

5. Example 1: I admire Kun Peng even more, because Kun Peng has lofty ideals and ambitions, fighting the sky and changing the world, just like Fan Zhongyan, Zhuge Liang, * * * and other historical figures, taking the world as their own responsibility and promoting the development of history.

Example 2: I admire Fu and Xue Fu even more, because Fu and Xue Fu are contented, indifferent to fame and fortune, noble and dignified, just like Tao Yuanming, who lives in seclusion and collects chrysanthemums, and just like ordinary workers, they love their jobs and make extraordinary contributions in their ordinary posts. (reasonable)

5. Random reading and answers of ancient Chinese [Hubei Volume] Read the following classical Chinese and complete the question 1 1- 14. Li Chao, word, word respect, word respect, word respect, word respect. He is generous. Even a monk came to help me, and Li was full of spit. The monk was very grateful and said, "I am." Day: "Yi Yi. I did my best. The monk laughed and told Li to have a try. "。 Li Nai undressed and stood proudly when climbing, like an ape and a bird falling. The monk smiled and said, "Yes. Now I have tried my best, please keep your head down. " Li Xinran is putting on airs. The monk resigned. Li traveled in the name of North and South, but accomplished nothing. Occasionally, I saw a young monk performing art on the spot, and the audience was full. He told all the guests, "It's very cold. Those who do good deeds might as well end up in a drama. "In this way, all people take care of each other, but no one responds. Li, itching, moved forward. Li Chu said nothing, but Gu Ni told him. Ni handed him over and said, "Silly monk, are you a master? "If you don't have to make friends, you are willing to bow to the wind." I invited you four more times, but I can't. Encouraged by everyone, Ni Nai said, "Since you are both a foolish disciple and a middleman, it's okay to play, but you can be considerate of each other." However, Li won easily because of his poor writing. He is young and wants to lose and win in the name of one day. Li Yigui began to recover at the end of the month, and the following year the monk came back to tell the past. The monk was surprised and said, "You are so reckless! Anger him. Why? Fortunately, let me know in my name first, otherwise the stock has been broken! " 1 1. Some words added in the following sentences are incorrect: A. Li Chao, whose word is, is contemptuous in Zixi: vulgar B. He is young and competitive, thinking of losing in order to win the name of a day: C. However, because of his weakness, it is easy to despise D. I have tried my best to visit Cheng, treating Cheng as a shop and smiling beside Li. I don't feel itchy. I just use one thing occasionally when I am in high spirits. I may not forget it. The executor is the law. D fortunately, every time you hear the sound of a piano in my name, you should dance with the festival. The following sentences are divided into four groups, all of which show that the martial arts are too poor. The monks urged him to throw a kick, and Li fell back in March, which means that Li thinks he is timid and solid. Stop a.136 b.145 c.246 d.25614. The following analysis and summary of the relevant contents of the original text, the correct one is that a. Li Chao fights with the foolish monk, always trying to find out the flaw of the foolish monk to defeat him; In order to punish Li Chao, the silly monk kicked him more than ten feet and left angrily another day. B. Foolish monks are highly respected, skilled and resourceful; Li Chaomin is studious and generous; Monks are superb in martial arts and are competitive. Several characters in the novel are vividly written. C. This paper is good at portraying characters through "laughter", showing the strength of martial arts and modesty of monks and nuns. These descriptions of "laughter" are unforgettable to read. D. This paper focuses on describing the unpredictable martial arts through twists and turns, which is strong in story and fascinating. It embodies the unique charm of China's ancient classical Chinese novels. 15. Translate the underlined sentences in the reading materials of classical Chinese in question 3 into modern Chinese. (8 points) (1) Li traveled all over the country in the name of martial arts, and there was no correct answer. (3 points) Translation: (2 points) Many people care about each other, but no one has responded yet. Take the monk's advice. (3 points) Translation: Reference answer: 1 1. A 12。 B 13。 D 14。 C 15。 (8 points) (1) Li Chao is famous for his martial arts, and he can't go anywhere without him. Li told her the monk's name. (3 points [Shanghai Volume] Read the following and complete the question 18-23. (16 points) Cold Spring Pavilion is the best in Yuhang County. As far as the county seat is concerned, Lingyin Temple is the best. As far as temples are concerned, Lengquan Pavilion is the best. The pavilion is at the foot of the mountain, in the middle of the water. The wind is blowing, which can make people fidgety and feel comfortable. The mountain tree is the cover, the rock is the screen, the cloud is born from the building, and the water is flat. Those who sit and play can stand under the bed. People who lie down can fish on the pillow. Are you giggling? Clean, cool and smooth. If you are a layman, if you are a Taoist, the dust in your eyes and ears, the dirt in your heart and tongue, don't wait to be washed and cleaned, you can get rid of it. Potential benefits speak louder than words! Therefore, this is the most beautiful place in Yuhang, and it is also a secluded place. Hangzi County is worth four letters, and the mountains and lakes are complex and easy to win. A, the monarch (2), monarch in phase (3) for virtual white pavilion, minister Han Shegao Ren Pavilion, Zi Peishu, Tang Di Ren Fengting, Lu Renfu see Shanting, right minister Langzhong Henan Yuan? Finally, I made this pavilion. So the five pavilions are opposite, as I pointed out, the situation is excellent, and I can finish my work. Although the latecomers were clever, they had nothing to add, so I followed suit, but I wouldn't do it. Diary of August 13th, Changqing three years. Note ① Four letters: four borders. County leaders: people who serve as state secretaries. 3 made to Lijun: surname. Mingzao. 18. Bai Juyi's masterpiece is _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (1) 19. Write the meaning of the following words in sentence (4) (1). (2) There is nothing to hide. The correct thing is [](2 points) ① Lingyin Temple (for) tour/mountain tree (for) cover ② (same as) people who want to/sit (and) play strange games A.①, ② the same as B.①..

6. There is a fish in the text of the Northern Ghost Original: There is a fish in the Northern Ghost named Kun.

Kunda, thousands of miles away. Become a bird. Its name is Peng.

Peng's back is thousands of miles away; Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming.

-Nanming, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange.

The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest.

The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak.

Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail. If you put a cup on it, it will be glue. The water is shallow and the boat is big. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak.

Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky but don't die, then they will go to the south today. Kun and Xue Dui laughed and said, "I decided to fly to grab the elm tree, but when it didn't arrive, I took control of the ground. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, can eat three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March.

What do you know about the second worm? Extended information: There are fish in the north, generally referring to swimming (Zhuangzi's works). Xiaoyao Tour is the representative work of Zhuang Zhou, a philosopher and writer in the Warring States Period. It is listed as the first article in Zhuangzi, a Taoist classic, and it can be regarded as the masterpiece of Zhuangzi both ideologically and artistically.

The theme of this article is to pursue an absolutely free outlook on life. The author believes that only by forgetting the boundary between things and me, reaching the realm of no-self, inaction and namelessness, and swimming in infinity without any foundation, can we truly "roam freely". Firstly, this paper expounds the difference between "small" and "big" by comparing Dapeng with small animals such as pheasants and pigeons. On this basis, the author points out that both Fu and Xue pigeons who are not good at Yu Feixiang, Dapeng who can fly high in Wan Li by the wind, and even Liezi who can walk against the wind are "waiting for something" and are not free, which leads to and expounds the truth that "there is no one but himself, and the gods are useless and the saints are nameless"; Finally, through the argument between Keiko and Zhuangzi about "usefulness" and "uselessness", it is shown that only by not being used by the world can we be "carefree".