Collect information on the Nanjing Massacre and talk about how we should face history]

First, the causes of the Nanjing Massacre

When we turn to the historical records of 1937, that is, the year of the Nanjing Massacre, we will have some understanding of the causes of the Nanjing Massacre.

1August 937 13, the Battle of Songhu broke out, and China and Japan fought fiercely in Shanghai, causing heavy casualties.

Chiang Kai-shek relied too much on international forces, hoping to attract international attention through this large-scale war and make the international community understand the nature of Japanese aggression, so as to stop Japan and impose economic sanctions on Japan through the power of the Soviet Union, the United States and other big countries, and even thought that the Soviet Union would soon send troops to support China.

But in fact, in order to prevent the relationship with Japan from deteriorating completely, major countries did not impose economic sanctions on Japan, and the Soviet Union did not send troops.

After the Japanese army won at great cost in the Battle of Songhu, it pushed Nanjing, the capital not far from Shanghai.

In the defending battle of Nanjing, the authorities made serious mistakes in the organization and command of the battle.

Knowing that it was impossible to hold Nanjing, the army retreated without organization, and the people fled without organization, leaving a large number of innocent Nanjing citizens in the south, completely isolated from the outside world.

The Japanese army suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Songhu, the soldiers were very tired, and the logistics supply reached the limit.

Faced with the problem of almost no logistical support, the crazy Japanese military officer said: "The shortage of food and grass is solved on the spot!" Brutality is the core of Japanese training.

The Japanese army was instilled with the Japanese national spirit, and in the 1930s it took Nazi Hitler as its teacher, which made the Japanese army more conceited and looked down on the people of China who had been bullied by foreign powers for a long time.

As a result, on the way to Nanjing in the west, the Japanese army robbed and killed civilians to obtain materials.

Moreover, many soldiers could not escape when they were trapped in Nanjing, pretending to be civilians, which made the Japanese army very nervous, thus providing an excuse for the Nanjing Massacre.

Second, the process of the Nanjing Massacre

Generally speaking, the Nanjing Massacre lasted for six weeks, namely 1937, 12, 13 to 1938, February 5.

But in fact, these six weeks were the worst period of the massacre, and the tragic situation in Nanjing lasted until the summer of 1938 (from mid-March to the end of May was the "little massacre" period).

During this period of terror, the atrocities committed by the Japanese army are even more numerous.

1937 12 13. Nanjing was occupied by the Japanese in the chaos.

Under the command of the commander of the Central China Army, Matsui Shigen, the Japanese army did everything it could in Nanjing.

65438+February 65438+May 5, the Japanese army sent more than 2,000 military and police personnel from China to Hanzhong Gate, strafing and burning them with machine guns.

On the same day and night, more than 9,000 citizens and soldiers were taken to the naval torpedo battalion by the Japanese army, and all but 9 escaped and were killed.

/kloc-On the evening of 0/6, more than 5,000 soldiers and refugees from China were taken to the riverside of Zhongshan Wharf by the Japanese army, killed by machine guns, and then dumped in the river. Only a few survived.

/kloc-on 0/7, the Japanese army shot and killed more than 3,000 soldiers and civilians from all over the country and Nanjing power plant workers with machine guns at the coal port to Shangyuanmen River, and some of them were burned with firewood.

/kloc-on 0/8, the Japanese army escaped more than 57,000 refugees and prisoners held at the foot of the shogunate from Nanjing, tied them with lead wires and drove them to Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge. First, machine guns were fired, bayonets were repeatedly stabbed, and finally kerosene was poured and set on fire, and the remaining bones were thrown into the Yangtze River.

It's a "killing contest" between Japanese Lieutenant Xiang Jing and Noda under the Purple Mountain.

After they killed 106 and 105 China people respectively, "the game started again".

Within a month after the Japanese army entered Nanjing, there were 20,000 * * * and * * * incidents in the whole city, and no matter whether it was a girl or an old woman, it was hard to escape.

Many women were shot and dismembered after being murdered, which is terrible.

At the same time, the Japanese army burned every household, from Zhonghua Gate to Neiqiao, from Taiping Road to Xinjiekou and the bustling area of Confucius Temple. The fire lasted for several days.

About one third of the buildings and properties in the city were reduced to ashes.

Numerous houses, shops, institutions and warehouses were robbed.

"Nanjing after the robbery is desolate everywhere."

The judgment of the International Tribunal for the Far East, which was later published, wrote: "Japanese soldiers completely insulted the city like a group of indulged barbarians." They "wandered around the city alone or in small groups of two or three, committing crimes of murder, * * *, robbery and arson", and finally found the victim's body in the street.

"The running water along the river is red, and all the canals and gullies inside and outside the city are full of corpses."

Almost every Japanese soldier has become a murderer and a criminal.

According to some Japanese memories, there are almost no soldiers who don't take part in the killing.

According to the verification of China Nanjing Military Court1February, 946, there were 28 cases of Japanese collective massacre with 6.5438+0.9 million people, and 858 cases of sporadic massacre with 6.5438+0.5 million people.

The Japanese army carried out a six-week massacre in Nanking, in which more than 300,000 China soldiers and civilians were shot and buried alive.

While the Chinese nation experienced this disaster of blood and tears, China's cultural treasures were also plundered.

According to the survey, after the Japanese invaders occupied Nanjing, they sent 330 spies, 367 soldiers and 830 hard laborers. From March 65438 to March 0938, in a month's time, more than a dozen trucks of books and documents were removed every day, and * * * snatched 880,000 books and documents, exceeding the 850,000 books of Ueno Imperial Library, the largest library in Japan at that time.

Third, Japan's attitude towards the Nanjing Massacre.

There are survivors of the Nanjing Massacre, mass grave sites and foreign journalists as witnesses.

However, although a large number of facts show that the Nanjing Massacre was a heinous atrocity committed by the Japanese army, the Japanese public has widely different emotions and views on the Nanjing Massacre.

Japanese right-wingers have always denied this fact, and have been using violence and intimidation to prevent Japanese people from knowing the truth of the Nanjing Massacre for many years.

Conservatives, on the other hand, believe that the Nanjing Massacre was an exaggerated or even fabricated anti-Japanese diplomatic tool.

Others believe that denying the Nanjing Massacre is a manifestation of historical revisionism and negativity.

Specific to the study of the number of victims, Japanese academic circles estimate that it ranges from more than 200,000 to 40,000 to several hundred, and there is a saying that the Nanjing Massacre does not exist.

Books, newspapers, scholars and politicians only call the Nanjing Massacre "Nanjing Incident", which is nothing more than downplaying the bloody color of the Massacre.

Many history textbooks hardly mention the Nanjing Massacre, and even if there is one, it is only an understatement. The teacher won't comment, let the students judge for themselves.

In this way, it is difficult for the Japanese people to understand the truth of that year.

Fourthly, the enlightenment of Nanjing Massacre.

At the Nanjing Massacre Commemorative Conference, Premier Zhou Enlai said that he could forgive but could not forget his attitude towards the Nanjing Massacre.

Why not? Because forgetting history means betrayal, and people who forget history are likely to repeat the same mistakes.

We are studying the Nanjing Massacre today, not to sow the seeds of hatred, but to find out the root of the problem through careful analysis of this matter and prevent similar tragedies from happening again.

First of all, we must clearly realize that the mainstream of today's times is peace and development.

From the Nanjing Massacre, we can deeply realize that war will only bring endless harm and disaster to people.

Anyone with a sense of justice should resolutely oppose war and safeguard peace.

Only peace can make people live better, develop better and build a better world, and war will only destroy all this! Therefore, we must prevent the resurgence of militarism, absolutism and Nazism, cultivate a correct view of right and wrong, judge right and wrong rationally, and not be eroded by all kinds of decadent and backward ideas, so that the "Holocaust" will not reappear in history, but in reality.

Secondly, the Nanjing Massacre made people deeply realize that backwardness will lead to beatings! Tracing back to the source, it is precisely because of the closed door and weakness of the Qing Dynasty that China fell behind the world trend, was bullied by the great powers again and again, and signed treaties that humiliated the country again and again, and finally the shocking Nanjing Massacre appeared in modern history.

History tells us with bloody examples that people's lives will be stable only if the country is independent, self-reliant and keeps pace with the times.

Development is the last word.

Even in today's peaceful times, we can't take it lightly. The country must work hard to develop in order to better stand on the world.

Therefore, as a new generation of successors, we must keep in mind the history, understand the shame and responsibility of history, cultivate the spirit of patriotism, set up the ambition of serving the motherland, study hard scientific and cultural knowledge, master all aspects of knowledge and skills, improve comprehensive quality and practical ability, make ourselves a new type of talent needed by the motherland, contribute our limited strength to the development and construction of the motherland, and make the motherland move towards a richer and better tomorrow.

The development of China cannot be separated from the world, so we should also care about China's international development, understand China's position and role in international affairs, pay attention to the development of China and other countries, actively participate in political life, improve political quality, and be a teenager who cares about the motherland and the world!

References:

General's Anti-Japanese Biography before Nanjing Defence War (China Literature and History Publishing House)

"Nanjing Massacre" Author: (USA) Zhang Chunru

Sina.com * * * Baidu Encyclopedia Baidu knows://njdts.china1840-1949/

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