Joke Collection Website - Talk about mood - What is the custom of the Cold Food Festival in Tang Dynasty? How did people celebrate the Cold Food Festival in Tang Dynasty?
What is the custom of the Cold Food Festival in Tang Dynasty? How did people celebrate the Cold Food Festival in Tang Dynasty?
What is the custom of the Cold Food Festival in Tang Dynasty?
Cooking is forbidden (on some days)
The Cold Food Festival was also called "No Smoking Festival" in ancient times. Everyone is forbidden to make a fire and eat cold food. However, due to the persistent pursuit of sages by Chinese people, it was repeatedly banned from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it was recognized and participated by the royal family. "Try new fire and new tea" in Su Shi's "Looking at Jiangnan Transcendent Taigong" is about the poet's behavior after cold food. The folk custom of forbidding fire and cold food in Shanxi is mostly one day, and only a few places are used to forbidding fire for three days.
Worship ancestors
The Cold Food Festival was regarded as a "wild sacrifice" from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was included in Volume 87 of "Opening Ethan", which was worshipped by princes (cold food worship) and became one of the auspicious gifts officially recognized and advocated. Later, it evolved into a royal mausoleum; Official sacrifices to Confucius Temple and sages; People go to sweep graves and so on. At that time, a family or clan went to the ancestral grave to sacrifice, add soil and hang paper money. Then spread swallows and snakes and rabbits on the top of the grave, roll them down, put them on with willow branches or needles, and put them in the high place in the house to show their virtue.
prescribe a diet
Cold food includes cold porridge, cold noodles, cold paste, green rice and porridge. Cold food offerings include noodles, snakes and rabbits, jujube cakes, refined rye, immortals, etc. There are dozens of drinks, such as spring wine, fresh tea, clear spring and sweet water. Most of them have profound implications, such as offering sacrifices to snakes and rabbits, which means that "snakes and rabbits will be rich", meaning that people are expected to be rich and the country is strong; Zituiyan, take the word "nian" in Jiexiu dialect, and don't forget to introduce and promote honesty.
People in southern Shanxi are used to eating bean jelly, cold noodles and cold cakes. In northern Shanxi, people are used to cooking (that is, steamed cake noodles or white noodles are cut into dice-sized squares, then dried and fried with earth) as food for the Cold Food Festival. In some mountainous areas, the whole family eats fried noodles on this day (that is, stir-fry whole grains, mix various dried fruits and grind them into noodles).
The Cold Food Festival is celebrated by steaming cold swallows. Flour is kneaded into swallows, songbirds, animals, melons and fruits, flowers, etc. The steamed swallows are colored, inserted into the needles of jujube trees, decorated indoors and given as gifts.
Chuanliuzhi
The symbol of the vitamin cold food festival was originally to miss Jie Zhi's pursuit of political clarity. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a record in the Chronicle of Jingchu that "every family broke willow during the cold food between Jianghuai and Suzhou", and it is still popular to wear mustard flowers and wheat leaves instead of willow branches in Anhui, Suzhou and other places. According to historical records in various places, there are some sayings, such as "willow branches are inserted into graves", "willow branches are folded into households", "willow branches are inserted into the eaves of sleeping stoves", "wearing a head or a tie", "offering Buddha gods in bottles" and "willow branches are inserted into doors", so there is a saying among the people that "Qingming (cold food) does not wear willow, and the beauty becomes bald".
spring outing
Also known as spring outing, Sheng Xing was born in Tang and Song Dynasties. Song Lizhi's words "What I saw in the East Valley" say: "I swept things, and then I went home happily with my brother, wife, relatives and deeds." In the Ming Dynasty, a brief introduction to the scenery of emperors recorded the scene of walking in Beijing: "During the Qingming Festival, people were walking, and there were thousands of tourists, passengers and pedestrians." Can be said to be extremely prosperous.
sway
Swing was originally a female amusement in the ancient cold food festival. Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" in the Five Dynasties recorded that "the Tianbao Palace Mid-solstice Cold Food Festival actually erected a swing, which made the wives and concubines in the palace laugh and thought it was a feast. The emperor called it a semi-fairy play, so the scholars in the capital called it. " Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, wrote the poem "Cold Food Day Crossing the Dragon Gate", which is described as "the willow on the bridge hangs on a line and hangs more colorful ropes."
Coarse ball
Popular in the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty's "Literature General Examination" contained: "Cuju, Gai began in the Tang Dynasty. Plant two bamboos, several feet high, and wrap the net on the net to measure the ball for the door. The ball is divided into friends and friends, and the game is divided into corners. " History: Tang Dezong, Xian Zong, Mu Zong and Jing Zong all like to play cuju, and Yuan Gui, the state capital, wrote: "In the twelfth year of Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong, the Cold Food Festival was held in February, and the Imperial Palace East Pavilion was used to watch Wu Dachen and Wu's children, and a banquet was held for the ministers to be slaughtered." In the Song Dynasty, there was "Taizu Cuju Map".
recite/chant poems
During the Cold Food Festival, literati or homesick relatives, or borrowing scenery, have feelings, feelings, inspirations, poems and chanters. According to the survey, The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty alone contains more than 300 poems by famous people such as Tang Xuanzong, Zhang Shuo, Du Fu, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, as well as more than 100 poems in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, making it a wonderful work in Chinese poetry art.
Clean intestines
Picking wild vegetables during the cold food festival not only exercises the body, but also meets the needs of the human body, killing two birds with one stone. Finally, I want to talk about psychological adjustment in spring health preservation. Women are injured in spring, and it can prevent mental illness to come out for fun and enjoy a spring outing at the Cold Food Festival. Although men don't hurt spring, when the liver-qi is too strong and they are prone to mental disorders in spring, they cherish the memory of their ancestors and place their grief on them, which has played a role in restraining anger. Conditioning the liver is quite beneficial. After 5,000 years of cultural nourishment, cold food and Qingming are integrated into one, becoming a festival to remember old friends and inspire strangers.
How did people in the Tang Dynasty celebrate the Cold Food Festival?
Many people think that Tomb-Sweeping Day is a cold food festival, but this is actually wrong. In the course of history, the Cold Food Festival gradually disappeared. But because it was a day or two before Tomb-Sweeping Day, many customs were merged by Tomb-Sweeping Day, which made many people mistakenly think that Tomb-Sweeping Day was a cold food festival.
According to statistics, in Bai Juyi's seasonal poems, the Cold Food Festival is the most important. "The poet wrote more than 1 10 seasonal poems in his life, and the Cold Food Festival accounted for 27", which shows Bai Juyi's love for the Cold Food Festival.
I guess there are two reasons why Bai Juyi likes the Cold Food Festival so much: First, the Cold Food Festival is already in full bloom in spring, and the green fragrance is always refreshing; Second, the Cold Food Festival has a long holiday. Bai Juyi lived in Tang Wuzong from Tang Daizong and served as an official in North Korea for decades. In order to make it easier for officials to offer sacrifices to their ancestors, Tomb-Sweeping Day was celebrated in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi was a literati in Zhenyuan period of Tang Dezong, and it was at that time that the Tang Dynasty gave officials a * * * holiday for seven days at the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, which was quite a "Golden Week" in the Tang Dynasty.
Perhaps because of the long holidays, the Cold Food Festival holiday, which was originally dominated by sacrifices, gave people more time to enjoy other colorful folk activities. As a witness of the times, Bai Juyi recorded many customs and habits of the Cold Food Festival in his poems. When we read Bai Juyi's poems, we can know that in the Tang Dynasty, people celebrated the Cold Food Festival and had so many customs and habits.
The Cold Food Festival originated from the ancient people's fear of fire. They believe that there is a god in the fire, and they put out the fire at a fixed time every year. After that, they drilled wood to make a fire. As the name implies, the Cold Food Festival means eating cold things, and it was during the Cold Food Festival that ancient people banned fire to show their respect for the gods. We can see the custom of "forbidding fire" in Bai Juyi's poems.
Cold food night
No moon, no light, cold food night, before dark. Suddenly surprised by the season, I owe 40 a year now.
"No moon", it often rains during the Qingming Festival, when the moon will not appear in the sky; "No lights", fire is forbidden in the Cold Food Festival. Not only can you not cook with fire, but even the lighting is not enough, so there can be no fire.
Fire is forbidden at the Cold Food Festival, and mesons are also sacrificed. Later, with the development of time, people slowly began to sacrifice their deceased relatives at the Cold Food Festival. The reason why the Tang Dynasty gave officials a few days off was that he ruled the world with filial piety, and that it was time for officials to offer sacrifices. Bai Juyi will also go out to worship his deceased relatives at the Cold Food Festival.
Cold food and unrealistic hopes
The crow makes the trees faint, and the Qingming cold food cries. The wind blows the paper money in the wilderness, and the spring grass in the tomb is green. Pear blossoms reflect poplar trees, full of parting places. I don't hear the heavy spring crying, but the rustling rain makes people return.
I don't know if you know that Tomb-Sweeping Day is also called "Swing Festival", which has a lot to do with the Cold Food Festival. In addition to offering sacrifices, people also go out for an outing, and it is inevitable to play on a swing during the outing. Over time, the swing has become one of the entertainment items of the Cold Food Festival, and Bai Juyi also mentioned it in the poems of the Cold Food Festival.
Sick and rainy, cold food.
Water towns are often lazy, and old people love to sleep when they are sick. Lying on the moon for 30 days, selling rainy days in half spring. At dusk, whoever plays bamboo will tie a swing at Xinyang. Colorful Nawaki is still getting old, but he changes his youth every year.
Of course, the folk customs of people in the Tang Dynasty at the Cold Food Festival are not just the three mentioned above. Bai Juyi mentioned cuju, outing and cockfighting in his poems. "It's impossible to dust in autumn, but it's raining on sunny days", "It's not as good as looking at the moon in the temple, and having a good spring outing in Jialing River", "Chicken balls and porridge are often feasted, and orchestral music is often sung. Back to the cold food party on January 3, spring should not bear this year. "
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