The main roles of drama and opera are called in literature.

Traditional Chinese opera is a traditional form of drama in China. Including literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. Its origin has a long history, and it has just begun to show its clues. In the long-term development process, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, innovation and development, it has gradually formed a relatively complete system of traditional Chinese opera art, and there was dance as early as the primitive society. Although it still shows its origin from three different artistic forms: folk dance, rap and burlesque, the biggest difference of drama is that it shows different key systems from the first concert. On the basis of the language, folk song singing and national music produced in this region, combine the music of other regions. The characters in various operas once changed from clean and ugly to different professions to take action. Performance is extracted from the action, processing and use of virtual space based on the planned life. Attention, singing, reading, doing, playing and other arts, performing traffic, enriching dance, high technical level, constitute a different drama and opera art, and become a complete system.

According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 360 kinds and tens of thousands of traditional operas in China. People's Republic of China (PRC), which was established after the adaptation of traditional plays, newly edited historical plays, showing the themes of modern life and modern operas, was warmly welcomed by the audience. Popular famous dramas: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Cantonese Opera, Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Cantonese Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Qi Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Anqing Huangmei Opera, Hunan Huagu Opera ... More than 50 operas, especially traditional operas, are most popular among the people of the whole country.

The main factor of "drama" and "song" in China ancient operas is the so-called "drama". Its keynote, China legendary operas and traditional operas in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, including modern Peking Opera and other local operas, is called the culture of the National Grand Theatre.

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Opera has a long history, and its origin began with the earliest dance imitating labor.

(A): Pre-Qin-the initial stage of traditional Chinese opera. Sandu Fu, Jiuge and Chuci are the lyrics of sacrificial dance. From the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, the songs and dances of the gods gradually evolved. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the mid-Tang Dynasty, there appeared such budding repertoires as the dominant competitive arrival (100 plays), song and dance performances in the form of questions and answers, The Story of Military Plays and Drama Life, and Shake Your Mother.

(2) Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the growing period of traditional Chinese opera. After the Tang Dynasty, China made a great leap, and the development of drama art gradually took shape.

(C) Song Song, Jin-the development period of traditional Chinese opera. The song structure content of "Golden Generation Courtyard" and "Zhu Gong Tune" in traditional Chinese opera laid the foundation of Yuan Dynasty in rap form.

(D) Yuan Dynasty-a mature opera. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Drama" developed greatly and became a new kind of drama. The basic features of his plays indicate that China has entered a mature stage.

The fertile soil of folk operas in the Yuan Dynasty, the achievements of inheritance and development, and various literary and artistic talents of Jiao Fang, Xing Yuan, actors, musicians and the previous generation will be "the stage art that * * * will work together to improve and create." In terms of form, the arrangement of four Yuan Zaju dramas in the Northern Song Dynasty is incoherent, and combined with cuneiform, it forms a common format of 40-fold cuneiform (the uniqueness of Master Wang's The West Chamber is 5 times and 24 times as long as that of Yuan Qu), and each time the same palace tune is played, if necessary, a "wedge" is added to summarize the ending with two, four or eight poems, which is called "recognition of the title and the name". Its function is to tell stories, and the lyrics of the characters portrayed are all rhyming. To express the plot, to put it bluntly, it is a verbal form or artistic means to explain the relationship between characters, dialogues between characters, monologues (characters express their personal feelings and wishes). Narrator (other people's roles in the play carry the platform, the audience said), white (to put it bluntly). Coe is an action, expression, etc. Singing opera is generally because others are white-footed, so they are late or don't sing. The former lead singer was called "The Last Lead Singer Said Zheng".

Role:

: male corner. At the end of the year, he was active in the Yuan Dynasty and was the hero of the play.

Play one female role at a time. The heroine in Zheng's play painted it once.

Net: commonly known as "painted face" and "flower", it shows the character or appearance of a male character at a certain point in the world. The rule of workers (civil servants) in "midsummer" is to clean the snow. about

Ugly: Also known as "face" or "little face", Wen Chou who plays wit.

Yuan dynasty, outsole, external network, etc. The end of the year played a secondary role, once the network and other business lines once. The official in charge of execution. -Outside, that's right.

Miscellaneous: Also called "miscellaneous" plays a role in the old woman's name. Ms. Cai.

Writers in the Yuan Dynasty created plays in just a few decades, and at least 500 plays have been preserved so far, more than 150. These works comprehensively and profoundly reflect the social life of the Yuan Dynasty, and many of them have become valuable cultural heritage of our country. Guan Hanqing's "Dou" describes the tragedy of an innocent child-the bride's fight, which reflects the cruel exploitation of usurers, hooligans, extortion, favoritism and corrupt officials, exposes the dark reality of Yuan Dynasty society, and praises the strong will and the death of oppressing heaven and earth, rather than giving up the spirit of resistance. Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn Palace, with history as the theme, describes Wang Zhaojun's life as our country, Mao Yanshou's traitorous national salvation and the corruption and incompetence of the vassals, mercilessly exposes the national oppression of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, and then gives a bitter ridicule. Wang Shifu's The West Chamber describes the autonomy of young men and women in the feudal society in their marriage stories. Great, Poetry and Lai Jian fully show Cui Yingying's desire for love, but she was born in the door of hope and was cultivated and bound by feudal ethics, so Jane and Lai Jian are tortuous in the city center. After listening to the piano, the wedding, the pavilion and other plays, she finally embarked on the road of rebellion and added comedy elements to the project. Self-contradiction and obeying parents' orders with drama as the main line, the misunderstanding and conflict between Cui Yingying, Zhang Gong and the matchmaker, when the interwoven rhythm expands, Zhang You is relaxed, dynamic and quiet, happy and sad, and casual, relaxed and colorful when getting together. All sentient beings who take the world as their home have distinct themes, vivid artistic images and strong artistic charm, which give people a strong infection and are deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.

Yuan Song IV: Guan Hanqing —— The Unjust of Dou E, Zheng Guangzu —— Thousands of Women Leave the Soul, Bai Pu —— Wu Tongyu, Ma Zhiyuan —— Autumn Colors in the Han Palace;

(5) Ming and Qing dynasties-drama fever. In the Ming dynasty, the legendary opera. The legend of Ming Dynasty is the predecessor of the Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties (mentioned in the Southern Opera and the Southern Dally Play), which is a new form of drama based on the adjustment of the southern region in Song Dynasty. It is the birthplace of Wenzhou). The institutions in Southern Opera are different from those in Zaju: they are not restricted by discount, the plot of an independent person, the prologue of singing to the final limit, and many happy endings, with lingering style as the main style, unlike the impassioned Northern Opera, which is more free and easier to use. Unfortunately, the early southern operas in this book are rarely preserved. It was not until the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty that the southern operas began to flourish, and only after the literati processed and improved, would there be short dramas that were rigorous enough to eventually become complete long dramas. Qiaopipa is the transition of the legendary works of Southern Opera. The theme of this work comes from the story of folklore, and the performance is complete and somewhat dramatic. It was once called "the ancestor of the revival of Southern Opera". Tang Xianzu was a legendary writer in Ming Dynasty with a large number of plays. He wrote many legendary plays "Peony Pavilion" in his life, which is his masterpiece. Through the life and death stories of Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei, the work sings the rebellious spirit of opposing feudal ethics, pursuing happy love and demanding individual liberation. The power of love, restore it, overcome the shackles of feudal ethics, and finally win. Feudal Confucianism firmly ruled the society and had far-reaching social significance. This play has been loved by readers and audiences for 300 years. Until today, films such as Boudoir and Dream are still active in stage performances, radiating their brilliant art.

According to legend, in the Qing Dynasty, four major operas, Beijing, West, South, East, North Yi and Liu, exploded. According to "Eight Years of Jiaqing", "Zhao Kun in Ming Dynasty, Chang, Yiyang, Bangzi, Qin and Liu Qiang, began in the prosperous times of North and South, with clear and harmonious voices, singing and dancing, and ling workers gathered in Beijing." It also illustrates this historical event. The so-called Nankun Mountain is a combination of Kunshan Jiangnan Opera and Beiying Guide Opera, which are popular near Kunshan. In Yiyang, Jiangxi, it spread to the north to form a high intensity. At present, Peking Opera, Oriental Opera and LiuOpera, which are popular in Shandong, are Liu Zi Opera. The explosive Bangzi opera, which is widely circulated in northwest China, is Shaanxi Opera. Eastern artists gather in Beijing.

At present, four tones or above have gone far beyond the original scope, and some of them have been widely circulated in many provinces across the country, such as Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Yiyang, Fujian (that is, high-pitched), Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hebei. Therefore, it is considered that this statement is unscientific, but this historical parameter is formed or objectively reflects historical facts. Judging from the distribution of operas, Kunqu Opera has a considerable audience in Shanghai, Nanjing, Zhejiang and Hunan. Yiyang was not only rooted in the north, but also played an important role in the formation of the capital, the "Six Great Cities and Nine Cities" and some northern operas during the Qianlong period. It spreads in the south of the Yangtze river and mainly spreads in many northern languages? In this area. Liu Zi Opera (including the affected Liuqin Opera) is located in northern Henan, northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu and southern Hebei, but it is an important activity in Qufu, Tai 'an and Linyi. (Shanxi, Shaanxi Bangzi) Shaanxi Opera and Shanxi, Henan and Hebei. In his evolution, Bangzi Opera is popular in the north, but we see that in Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi, Shaanxi Opera is deeper, its roots are older and its audience is wider. Therefore, there is a saying that "there are eagles in the north and south, willows in the east and bangzi in the west".

Edit the passage of the National Opera House.

Cantonese operas such as Yin Opera, Tibetan Opera, Chao Opera, Chu Opera, Drum Opera, Guangdong Han Opera, Gui Opera, Han Opera, Huangmei Opera, Hui Opera, Jingzhou Huagu Opera, Shandong Bangzi Shaoxing Opera, Sichuan Lantern Opera, Yunnan Zhuang Opera, Yue Opera and Cantonese Opera emphasize the simplicity of Qin Opera. During the period of Qiang and Jin civilization, they were successively in Su Ju, Qiong Opera and Henan.

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Two sets, Huang Er, Huang Shangdang, Shangdang Bangzi, Shandong Bangzi, Shanxi Bangzi, Sichuan Opera, Triangle Opera, Yiwu Opera, Yiyang Cantonese Opera, Yunnan Zhuang Opera, Yunnan Dan Opera, Puppet Opera, Baling Opera, Wennan Ci, Zhonglu Bangzi and Inner Mongolia Yangko Fengtai. Dongdao, Recreation, Culture Ninghe Opera, Leping Opera, Orthography Opera, Siping Opera, Four-part String, Orthography Nanjian Tune, Xipi Opera, Xiqin Opera, West Road, West Road Pingju Opera, Zhuangshaxiang Opera, Ji Opera, Lu Opera, Bamboo Horse Opera, Old Tune Bangzi, Lu Opera, Blowing Opera and Random Play. Beijing Opera, Hebei, Hebei Bangzi, Beijing Opera, Qingyang Opera, Qinghai Pingxian Opera, Wu 'an Luozixing Opera, Yangzhou Opera, Kunqu Opera, Gansu Opera, Shao Opera, Ou Opera, Dong Opera, Yihuang Opera, Tea Picking Opera, Sizhou Opera, Chord Suofang Opera, Playing Kids Opera, Shaanxi Laoqiang Opera, Liu Qiang, Liuqin Opera and Fujian Opera. Gao Shanju, Gaobazi, Axi Opera, High-profile Bangzi, Tang Opera, Guangxi Opera, Qin Opera, Jin Opera, Puxian Opera, Haimenshan Opera, Haicheng Opera, Qing Opera, Yin Qing Opera, Cantonese Opera, Wu Opera, Chu Opera, Tui Opera, Liyuan Opera, Bangzi Opera and Zhangqiu Opera. Hunan opera, Pu opera, Zhou Pu Bangzi, Yunnan opera in Lei Ju era, Mongolian opera, Qiangruihe opera in Wan Wan, Xinjiang song broadcasting, competition opera, boy play, Yuxian yangko, opera, Chaozhou opera, Huizhou opera, shadow play, Guizhou opera, Xiangyang opera, Wu Xiang yangko, Yue opera, Gansu Tibetan opera and Yi opera.

The drama noun of this paragraph edited by Jiugong

Interrupt, Cloth Little Children, 13 Sound Flower Face, Beijing Opera Blues, Character Modeling, Dafeng, bedding face, Big Era, Little Female Role, Small Theater, Little Student, Little Flower Face, Trilogy, Zhou, Three Short Plays, People in Front, Radio Drama, Text Field of Introduction Drama, Backstage, Civilized Drama. Washe Goulan, Kai, Er, University, Zhongzhou Rhyme, Inner Monologue, Hand-Eye and Body-Step, Plum Blossom Award in Chinese Drama, Horse-Beating, Bow-Back Play, Stepping on the Stage, This is the ending, Zheng Opera, Four Huizhou Classes, Four Tones, Four Supplements, Five Methods, One Time, One Time, Finally, Mud. Donghai, Huanglanling and Chen Song, front-line business, insiders, hospitals, operas, dramas, finally narrow red, red song rest, music, music score, Lao Dan, old students, hanging hair, legends, miscellaneous songs, Baixi, Youling, building search, ending, local drama, problem drama, self-report. String, lane broken, angle reached, stork, social fire, the prologue and posture of the country's old and old Polo were finally snatched back by Song Zhugan, and Wujiang sent Su Zhong and Su Bei Lang to be geisha, even improvising on the stage of this theater, with Wu Dan, Wu Chou, force field, Jason Wu, Wu Sheng Wu Erhua, Wu Hualian, orderly and board. Pinch, blanket power temperament, smooth oil painting, Yichun Hospital, posted on the Internet once, one-man show, one-man show, one-act show, Coban, Span, Komudi, Southern District, Southern Opera, Southern Dynasties, North-South cooperation group, vulgar music, this series of cable-connected families, dance drama appeared in Tuba, circus, mask, boudoir just guests. Drama movement, love of beauty, arrangement, rehearsal of foot color, script, pear, pear disciple, deputy once, late deputy, deputy net, singing, singing to earn deep honor fighting, basic skills, street drama, badminton. Yulong Shenya Yayue furniture, props, comedies, blackheads, accents, monkey shows, palms, once-painted music scattered, pretending to be lonely, puppet shows, humorous shows, Wenzhou Dynasty Grand Action Plan, Bangu drum words, advocacy department, drum stand department, curtains, curtain system, white rhyme wrapping, rewinding, jumping pills and other stage directors, stage art, titles, and so on.

Edit the opera "Two Hackers"

Aunt Zhang Bao

In recent years, different opera singers and a drama often appear on stage and TV. In 1980s, to commemorate the 0/00th anniversary of Mei Lanfang's birthday, Mei Baojiu, a descendant of the famous Peking Opera "Mei School" in Henan, performed "Mu Leading China Peking Opera Theatre and Tibetan Opera Troupe" on the same stage. This form of expression is called "Erguotou" in the field of traditional Chinese opera. There is more than one type of drama on the same stage, "pot" and "hacker". In the drama evening of CCTV, there are four kinds of operas, namely Beijing Opera, Beijing Opera, Longjiang Opera and Hebei Bangzi, which are performed by a "Mulan" actor. Their novel forms of expression aroused great interest from the audience.

In the history of China opera, this kind of "Erguotou" performance has a long history, and it is an important means of communication and integration between different operas. Many traditional operas "Erguotou" have evolved into a new kind of drama. During the Dadu River period, he was the overlord of TV dramas, including many playwrights such as Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu and Ma Zhiyuan, as well as some famous dramas such as Dou Eyuan and The West Chamber. During the Yongle period, from Nanjing to Beijing, immigrants and a large number of southerners followed in the southern part of the north. In order to adapt to the new environment, South Opera and Drama have performed "North-South Cooperation Group". The Yiyang dialect of the new Kunshan dialect, which was formed by absorbing the outstanding southern area of North Opera, gradually withdrew from the historical stage.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Kunqu Opera evolved into Kunqu Opera, which occupied a dominant position on the stage in Beijing. The Palace of Eternal Life and Peach Blossom Fan became the representative works of this period. Korean dramas 200 years ago are today's "pot" products. During the Qianlong period, Huiban Jingsi merged, and on the basis of Huanger Opera and Xipi Opera in entertainment culture, a new "Han Opera Artist" pot "Pihuang" was formed. Since then, from Kunqu opera, Bangzi, Yue opera to traditional Chinese opera, the skin is yellow? Absorbing nutrition has gradually become a new form of drama-traditional Chinese opera.

By the Qing Dynasty, traditional Chinese opera had developed to a mature stage, which not only became the mainstream of Beijing opera stage, but also began to spread to the whole country. During this period, the opera "Erguotou" developed from Shanxi, Shaanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi (speaking of Shaanxi Opera and Pingju Zhili Bangzi) and "Bengxi". 17, in the Qing dynasty (189 1), Tian Renyun, a famous Hebei bangzi actor and drama activist, was the first to clap his hands, which set a precedent for bond girl Pihuang. Very popular with the audience, many social classes have followed suit. At that time, two performances in Beijing, the capital of China, and abroad were vigorous. Fu Liancheng, a well-known health actor in many Peking Opera classes, is almost without exception. Ma (Bangzi) of Ji Qin Opera House, the "Little Prince" of Luoyang and Hebei Bangzi actor of Erguotou of Peking Opera, such as Xun Huisheng and Yu Juchun (Little Spring).

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the formation of Pingju opera declined from the lotus play, and Pingqiang Bangzi developed into a new kind of drama. The online business has not been completely liberated, and the "three transformations" (young men and women with small faces) have been joked as "half of the game". Therefore, early Pingju was often performed jointly with Hebei Bangzi and Beijing Opera "Jin Shui" or "Big Three". Great progress has been made in the music, singing and repertoire of traditional Chinese opera and Hebei Bangzi Pingju. First, in 1930s, the appearance of four famous Pingju actresses, such as, Memory, Bai and so on, made Pingju develop to a mature stage, which not only sold well in Beijing, Tianjin, Northeast China, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but also had a great influence. However, due to the weak strength of the actors, Pingju is often performed with "Erguotou" Peking Opera. In Song Wu, Bai Xu Hajime Taki conspired with Zhao Ruoal, a martial artist in Beijing Opera, to kill his wife. 1945, new in Qingdao, riding the Peking Opera class of Zhou disciple Zhou, "Erguo" performed the drama Qin Xianglian.

After liberation, the reform and development of Pingju, with a sound network business and rich male vocals, especially with group actors Rong Yuan, He An, completely solved the problem of "semi-drama". He created and performed a series of role-playing dramas, which were welcomed by the audience. "This' two pots' has also become a historical record.

As far as the splendid literature of Yuan Dynasty is concerned, Tang poetry has its unique charm: on the one hand, Yuan inherited the beauty and ingenuity of poetry; On the one hand, the literati in Yuan Dynasty were in the state of beggars of Confucianism in August * 9, and the autocratic politics and social darkness made the battle of reputation Yuanqu very conspicuous, showing resistance, confronting social ills and attacking the highest illiterate and the best. No one knows that what some people left behind has a considerable society, life is embarrassing for everyone, and no one wants money from relatives and friends. The love described in Yuanqu works is more daring than that in chronological poems, which is enough to make Yuanqu always maintain its artistic charm.

However, in contrast, the spread of Yuanqu and its never being widely used in Tang and Song Dynasties are a brief explanation for people who feel strange.

Drama, poetry, Yuanqu Sanqu, another reincarnation song, and other poems.

The producer style of ancient music is called "Taking care of Gong Diao". Song Gong withered the four strings of Le Yan's pipa in Sui and Tang Dynasties, namely, Qi Gong, Gong, Jiao and Yu Diao, forming 7. Adjust the tone of each string to the 20th house, and you get the 8th house, but the commonly used ones are Yuanqu, Gonggong, South Luzon Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Gonggong, Dashi Tone, Elephant Wade Tone, Upward Tone, Upward Tone, Double Tone Pebble Tone and Yue Tone 65438. Wang Jide's "Rhythm" said: Gongdiao is known for its joys and sorrows, such as You Luxian amphiregulin; Sad enterprise transfer, more emphasis on class. In order to make it dexterous and easy to move.

Every palace tune has a different tune. The number of copies per week associated with two or more different tunes. Melody: Nanqu mentioned that it was relatively mature in the Northern Song Dynasty along the eastern coast of Zhejiang, from the end of Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Wenzhou Dynasty, also known as Yongjia Opera.

Legend: Based on Southern Opera, it evolved. The material refers to the long drama script written by Nanqu. It combines the essence of Nanxi Opera and Yuanqu Opera. system

Difference between Zaju and Legend in Ming and Qing Dynasties

(1) The general practice of drama is to fold four pieces into a wedge, without the double purpose of marking; Legend has it that if you don't double it and add the head, the number of displays is variable, 50 long. The legendary wedge, leaving the house first, is the creative intention of opening the copy and introducing the description of the plot outline, which is part of the conspiracy. After the opening, the second play came out. Openness is a epigraph, not a qupai. (2) The legendary singing is white and scientific, but in the end, it is not like the role of zaju, but all kinds of roles and plays can sing solo, chorus and chorus. This legend is called branching and referral; Important people play time, sing an introduction, and then play poetry for a period of time.

(3) drama and legendary music, adjust the connection set. Different zaju are limited to one-room tune at a time, and one rhyme goes to the end. It is not limited to using only one palace tune for each legend. You can change the rhyme. Zaju concerts and northern music, legends mostly use southern music and harmony, absorb the Northern Song Dynasty, and create a set of North-South cooperation. The Northern Song Dynasty "mourns the heroic Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern District is unique and lovely, with legends and opera music with different styles." (4) There are many legendary characters and Yuan Zaju, but the finer the division of labor, the more labor. The protagonist of zaju used to be a legendary health care role, and the legend once ended, but it was not the protagonist.

In short, legends and dramas are large in scale, richer in melody, more detailed in role division, more free and flexible in form, and easier to express life.

1, the characteristics of China's ancient operas, the beginning and the end.

The closure of China's traditional operas is a comprehensive stage art form. It is characterized by many artistic forms, which are aggregated in the standards, reflecting their individual nature and common forms, including poetry, music and dance. This poem refers to its literature, and music refers to their performances accompanied by music. In addition, stage art, costumes, makeup, these artistic elements in the play are all for one purpose, that is, sound stories; Follow a principle, that is, the United States. 2. Drama, music, dance and drama stories

In short, the stories of China's operas, music, dances and dramas (in the language of Wang Guowei, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty). Opera and drama are characterized by the roles played by cinemas and actors. They use dialogues and actions to express stories of a certain length. Different scripts are dialogues and movements of dance music to show their use in real life, which means dancing. People also know that singing, reading and playing. 3, from the modelling and pride to grasp, and carry out.

China's traditional operas express life, with the meaning of both, giving up its shape, such as the freehand gesture of Chinese painting, which embodies everything in my life.