On the Characteristics of Japanese Gardens

The basic characteristics of Japanese gardens can be summarized as follows:

1) comes from nature and is ingenious. Japanese gardens make full use of the imagination of gardeners, get inspiration from nature and create a landscape of unity of opposites. Pay attention to the simple and natural selection of materials to reflect the texture and texture of the materials themselves. According to the laws of nature, gardeners carefully arrange rough and simple stones and vegetation such as wood, bamboo, rattan sand, moss, etc., so that the beauty of nature is concentrated between one stone and one wood, making people feel as if they are in a simple and modest perfect realm.

2) Pay attention to freehand brushwork and be meaningful. Japanese gardens often express nature with freehand brushwork symbolism, with simple composition and rich meanings. Its typical performance is a small, quiet and deep "dry landscape" garden that is common in Zen temples. In its unique environmental atmosphere, several stone groups paved and stacked with fine harrow white sandstone can represent rivers, oceans, islands and mountains; Without dripping water, we can show our wanton Wang Yang, without building mountains, we can show our cliffs and precipices. Like music, painting and literature, it can express profound philosophy and reflect the characteristics of nature and implicit and meaningful aesthetic taste.

3) Pursuing details and creating perfection. The description of details is the crowning touch in Japanese gardens. The emotional expression of tiny things such as a branch and a stone is extremely concerned and important, which is fully reflected in the details such as flying stones, stone lanterns, doors, washbasins and cultural walls.

4) Quiet, simple and elegant. The natural landscape gardens in Japan are quiet, simple and elegant in overall style, especially the "tea house" and "flying stones" in Japan, and the teahouse is located in the wilderness. Pine wind laughs at countless fallen leaves, and it is not known whether tea drinkers have Taoist connections. Squatting to wash your heart, keeping the custom to forget. Zen tea is fun, and heaven and man are one. " Small and exquisite, elegant and simple; No flowers for decoration, no rich colors, and a unified green system. In order to reflect the beauty of harmony, quietness, purity and quietness in tea ceremony and the beauty of "beauty" and "quietness" pursued in Japanese tea ceremony songs aesthetics, in a rather limited space, it shows the realm of deep mountains and valleys, giving people a sense of silence and emptiness. In space, the plants in the garden are pruned in a complex and diverse way, so that the plants are natural and vivid, the branches and leaves are stretched, and the nature is reflected.

5) Talk about Buddhism and Dharma, reflecting Zen. Religion has always played an important role in Japan, and temples and shrines are important symbols of Japanese culture. The gardening thought of Japanese gardens is influenced by extremely strong religious thoughts, and it pursues a realm far from the world and extraordinary. Especially in the later period, the dry scenery is as simple and pure as possible, and there are no trees and flowers. Only a few stone groups and a piece of white sand have formed a pure land.