Please learn from the experience of short-sighted economic development in Japan or the United States and talk about how China can protect itself in the era of "knowledge economy"

In order to realize sustainable development, we must change the traditional dual economic model of economy and environment and establish an ecological economic model of internal unity of economy and environment.

(1) ecological production process. In the production process, establish a closed-loop technical system with no waste and less waste. The traditional production process is "raw material-product-waste" mode. What is pursued here is only products, and what has nothing to do with products added to the production process is discharged into the environment as waste. In the production of ecological mode, waste becomes the raw material of another production process and is recycled. The closed loop technology system not only saves resources, but also reduces pollution. In the development of biological resources, it should be "raising chickens and laying eggs" rather than "killing chickens and laying eggs".

(2) Eco-economic operation mode. We should use economic mechanisms to stimulate and encourage resource conservation and environmental protection, and take resource conservation and environmental protection factors as internal factors in the economic process. Therefore, we should first pay attention to the relative efficiency of social energy conversion and take it as one of the important indicators to evaluate economic behavior. New economics should measure the efficiency of production process according to net energy consumption, and link profit with energy consumption. Second, "natural value" should be included in economic value, forming the unity of "economic-ecological" value. Here, the "natural value" of resources should be taken as an important reference figure for the input product cost. The value of resources should follow the principle of "scarcity is precious". With the decrease of some resources, the natural value of resources will be higher, and the prices of products made from these resources should also be higher. This economic mechanism can restrain the waste of limited resources. Third, we should establish an economic mechanism to curb environmental pollution. We should see that a clean and beautiful environment suitable for human survival has "environmental value" in itself. Therefore, activities that destroy the environment should be regarded as activities that produce "negative value" and be punished economically. For example, the cost of automobiles should include not only the natural value of resources, the value of raw materials and the value of labor, but also the "negative value" of environmental damage in the process of automobile production, as well as the negative value of environmental pollution that may occur in automobile consumption (such as air pollution caused by automobile exhaust) and the harm caused by traffic accidents, which should be shared by producers and consumers. This will inhibit the economic behavior that destroys the environment.

(3) Ecological consumption pattern. The traditional consumption pattern is also a non-ecological consumption pattern. In the traditional economic model, production is not to meet the needs of people's healthy survival, but to obtain greater profits. Therefore, production constantly creates new consumer goods, creates changing consumption fashions through advertisements, and induces consumers to accept them. Large-scale production requires a lot of consumption, so wasteful non-ecological production leads to wasteful consumption patterns. This consumption pattern is not simple but beautiful, not material but form, not thick but thin, not internal but external. The anti-ecological nature of this consumption pattern is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the pursuit of a so-called "one-off" consumption pattern. The appearance of a large number of disposable articles not only wastes natural resources, but also pollutes the environment. Take disposable chopsticks as an example: China exports 20 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks to Japan every year, equivalent to 4 billion cubic meters of wood, and the consumption in the Mainland is not less than this figure. Therefore, forestry experts warned: "If this continues, it will harm our future generations". Many of our consumer goods were abandoned when they were still available, because they could not keep up with the consumption fashion. It is the most prominent in clothing consumption. Second, the pursuit of so-called "deep processing" products in consumption also violates ecological principles, especially the second law of thermodynamics (entropy law). The so-called "deep processing" products only pursue formal renovation. Every time raw materials are processed, some energy will be lost. In the process of repeated food processing, it not only wastes energy, but also poses a threat to people's health because of the addition of various chemical additives. Some deep-processed goods belong to the transformation of different energy levels, which wastes more energy. For example, feeding grain to livestock and converting plant protein into animal protein will waste more energy. "The energy loss caused by livestock fed with grain is as follows: 70% for poultry and 90% for cattle." At the same time, excessive consumption of high-fat food will also endanger people's health. "According to current estimates, the natural longevity age is about 90 years, but most Americans live at least 20 years less. The main cause of these premature deaths is food abuse, and high fat is the main pathogenic factor for 40% of male cancer patients and 60% of female cancer patients. "

In a word, the development mode of modern western industrial civilization is an unsustainable development mode. To achieve sustainable development, the development mode and development mode must have revolutionary changes. Of course, with the globalization of the global economy, it is impossible for a country to completely solve this problem overnight. The difficulties faced by contemporary mankind are global, so they can only be realized through the long-term joint efforts of all mankind.