The answer to lesson 14 "The Palace Museum" in the eighth grade Chinese class special training

1. What did the author introduce about the Hall of Supreme Harmony? What is the order of explanation?

2. Why does the author focus on the Hall of Supreme Harmony?

Answer:

(1) For the Hall of Supreme Harmony, firstly, write the abutment that makes the three halls become a unified whole ── the abutment is built very high (the three-story abutment is seven meters high), and the facilities are ingenious (the drainage pipes are more than a thousand carved faucets), which implies and exaggerates the respect for the status of the three halls; Then write that the Hall of Supreme Harmony is magnificent in appearance (it is the largest hall in the Forbidden City), magnificent in color (golden glazed tile double-eaved roof, bucket arches, foreheads, beams and columns decorated with blue dots of gold and gilded paintings, red columns, golden shutters and painted doors), and solemn and rich in interior decoration (golden throne, carved dragon screen, golden column, caisson and beam). Finally, from its position and function (the place where the emperor held a major ceremony), it explains its symbolic significance in design-in the past, feudal emperors showed majesty with their magnificent buildings. The order of instructions used is from the outside to the inside, the combination of general statement and partial statement.

(2) Because the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the key building of the "former dynasty" and even the whole Forbidden City, and it is the place where feudal emperors exercised their ruling power and held major ceremonies, its position is very important, and it is the most representative in the whole building complex. Therefore, the article focuses on the Hall of Supreme Harmony.

1. Grasp the meaning of the text as a whole, and sort out the explanation order of the article.

2. Focus on the relevant paragraphs in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, experience the writing characteristics of the article with prominent focus and proper details, try to figure out the language, and understand the author's intention of depicting colorful dragons in the Hall of Supreme Harmony.

3. Understand the traditional architectural art of the motherland, understand the unique style and great achievements of the architectural art of the Forbidden City, enhance students' national pride, and inspire them to further carry forward the creative spirit of the nation.

learning focus

1. Clarify the explanation order of this article and explore the author's explanation skills.

2. Take the Hall of Supreme Harmony as an example, and experience the writing features of this article, which are focused and detailed.

Learning difficulties

Try to figure out the language and understand the author's intention of depicting colorful dragons in the Hall of Supreme Harmony.

Self-study plan

1. Add some words to the following.

standing () the head () is blue () the glass () the eaves of the temple () the caisson ()

The central axis of the dragon () hits the Qing () ebony () and saves () the forehead ()

Dry and clear the palace () solemnly and solemnly ().

Linglong: _ _ _ _ _ _ Blue: _ _ _ _

Layout: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Solemn: _ _ _____

Elegant: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ melodious: _ _ _ _ _ _. And the last three palaces: _ _ _ _ _ _ _, Jiaotai Hall, _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. The emotional color of the added words is derogatory ()

A. The curved Jinshui River runs across the east and west like a jade belt, and there are five beautiful white marble bridges on the river.

B. Standing on the height of Jingshan Mountain, looking at the Forbidden City, there are many halls, pavilions and palace walls, which are intricately connected and orderly.

C. Zhonghe Hall is a pavilion-shaped square hall, with four vertical ridges gathered together at the top, and a large gold-plated dome in the middle, with a very beautiful outline.

D. In 1884, when imperialism invaded and the people were in dire straits, Empress Dowager Cixi lavished money on her birthday.

5. Choose three words from the text that reflect the characteristics of the Forbidden City complex: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

In-class inquiry case

First, introduce the scene and define the goal.

The popular dramas of Qing Dynasty on TV, such as Princess Huanzhu and Kangxi Dynasty … Do you know where these stories are set? By the way, it's in the Ming and Qing palaces, so today, I will lead you into this mysterious palace.

Our learning objectives in this class are: (see above)

Second, explore independently, and dispel doubts.

(1) first reading, feeling the meaning of the text.

1. What is the object of this article? What are the characteristics of the object? What is the center of expression?

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2. Which vocabularies take the route? What is the format?

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3. What are the first two paragraphs about? Is it total or divided? What are the two parts of the Forbidden City in paragraphs 3 to 1? What is the standard?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. What are the details? What are the omissions? Can the last paragraph be included in the Forbidden City? Why?

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5. List the structural diagram with ①, ②, ③ ...

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(2) Intensive reading and clear order.

6. From the perspective of walking route, what is the order of this article?

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7. "Walking" will change the scene. What is the change in the process of "walking" in essence?

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8. What did you write in the fifth paragraph? What's the order? What is its relationship with the sixth paragraph? What's the order?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Why do you write dragons many times?

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1. What is the intention of the article to emphasize the central axis?

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(3) Key tastes.

11. "The last three palaces" is very simple, but why does it give people a vivid impression?

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12. Introduce the Six Palaces of the East and West. What's the details? Why write in detail?

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13. Although this article is an expository article, it focuses on explaining the characteristics of the Forbidden City, but it is very clear-cut. Please tell us where it is specifically manifested.

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14. What are the characteristics of the overall arrangement of the article?

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Third, combine the goals and train effectively.

15. Ask students to introduce the Forbidden City orally in a different order from this article. Choose four students to introduce orally and the rest to evaluate.

multimedia display panorama of the Palace Museum.

Teacher's suggestion: You can try to take Shenwumen as the starting point and walk along the central axis to Wumen Gate to introduce the buildings along the way; You can introduce the buildings before and after the three halls as the center; Taking the rectangular Little Square in the north of Baohe Hall as the center, we can introduce the buildings in the south of the square-the former dynasty and the buildings within the Ganqing Gate in the north of the square-the inner court; According to different functions, the buildings in the Forbidden City can be divided into several groups and introduced one by one.

expand the test case

● in-class paragraph reading.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, is 28 meters high and covers an area of more than 2,38 square meters. It is the largest hall in the Forbidden City. Under the blue sky, the golden glazed tile double-eaved roof is particularly brilliant. Temple eaves, arches, beams and columns are decorated with blue dots of gold and gold-plated paintings. On the front, there are 12 big red columns, with golden shutters and red painted doors, which set off each other with the platform base, with bright colors and grandeur.

In the center of the main hall is a square platform with red lacquer about two meters high, on which the throne of the Golden Qi Diao Dragon is placed, and behind it is a carved dragon screen. There are six tall golden dragons on both sides of the square platform, and a vigorous golden dragon is coiled on each big pillar. Looking up at the top of the temple, there is a huge carved golden dragon in the central algae well. A big silver-white round bead hangs from the Longkou, surrounded by six small beads, and the faucet and the orb are facing the throne below. There are colorful paintings between the beams, such as double dragons playing with pearls, single dragon dancing, dragon walking, dragon ascending and dragon descending, which are polymorphic and colorful, and the dragon body is surrounded by flowing clouds and flames.

The three halls are built on the central axis of the Forbidden City, which is also the central axis of Beijing, extending from Wumen to Tiananmen to Zhengyangmen and Yongdingmen in the south, and from Shenwumen to Di 'anmen and Drum Tower in the north, with a total length of about eight kilometers.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is a place where important ceremonies are held. The emperor's accession to the throne, birthdays, weddings and New Year's Day are all celebrated here. Every ceremony, the white stone platform outside the temple is full of civil and military officials, and ceremonial ceremonies are arranged on both sides of the imperial road in the middle, and the emperor sits on the throne. Under the porch of the hall, bells are ringing and the music is melodious. Incense burners and bronze turtles and cranes on the pedestal lit sandalwood or pine and cypress branches, and smoke filled the air.

1. What do you praise when introducing the text to the Palace Museum? Demote what?

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2. In the second paragraph, when introducing the interior of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, six directional words were used: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Judging from these words, the standpoint of this paragraph is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The order of explanation is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3. Why are dragons described ten times?

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4. Why does the author focus on the Hall of Supreme Harmony?

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5. What is the intention of emphasizing that the Hall of Supreme Harmony is built on the central axis?

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● Read foreign language paragraphs.

Geyuan in Yangzhou is a famous garden with unique style. It was built in Jiaqing and Daoguang years of Qing Dynasty, when bamboo was planted all over the garden, and Su Dongpo "would rather eat without meat than live without bamboo;" No meat makes people thin, and no bamboo makes people vulgar, to show that the master is good. Because the shape of bamboo leaves is very similar to a simplified word "Ge", it is named "Ge Garden". Geyuan is famous for its exquisite stacking of rockeries in four seasons.

when you step into the gate of Geyuan, you will see the lake and rocks beside the gate, the bamboos are luxuriant and the stalagmites are uneven, just like mushrooms after rain, which is the spring scenery of Geyuan. A little earlier, there were rockeries of the zodiac, all of which were between similarity and dissimilarity, and set each other off with the whole "Spring Mountain" and bamboo forest.

"Spring" goes to "Summer" and bypasses "Yiyuxuan". Suddenly, a six-or seven-meter-high Taihu Rock rockery appears in front of the lotus pond surrounded by shade, which is the "Summer Mountain". Crossing the stone bridge and entering the cave, I only feel that the lotus root is fragrant and green and cool.

After turning the "Crane Pavilion", it is a "I"-shaped corridor, and it goes along the corridor, "the rain in mid-autumn and summer", and at the end of the corridor is a "rockery". Qiushan Mountain is all stacked with Shanshi Huang, with bold ideas and pungent stones, which is said to be the masterpiece of the great painter Shi Tao. Look at this mountain, the mountain is towering, the peaks are undulating, and you can see that the cypress is slanting, the red maple is planted everywhere, the stalactites are hanging, the stone bridge is like a stone bridge, and the weather is really different. If it is sunny and dusk, the autumn mountain faces the sunset, and it is as red as dye, and the poetic meaning of "autumn is crisp" suddenly overflows.

Stepping down the autumn mountain, and passing through the "Ventilation and Moon Leakage Hall", we are confronted with a group of "winter scenery" made of white quartz stones. A naughty child like a "snow lion" piled it with residual snow. Mountains and hilltops are covered with snow all year round. A white wall in the south, with four rows of wind tunnels, makes people feel cold.

6. what characteristics of "Geyuan" did the above describe?

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7. The above is in

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8. From the first paragraph.

1. How about changing the fourth paragraph from "Cupressus orientalis stretched obliquely, red maple was planted everywhere, stalactites hung, and stone bridges looked like" to "Cupressus orientalis stretched, red maple was planted everywhere, stalactites hung upside down, and stone bridges looked like"?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Zhan (zhàn) Liu (liú) Yan (yán) Algae (zm? o) Pan (pán) Axis (zhóu) qìng (q ? ng) Tan (tán) Cong (cuán) Fang (fāng) Gan (qián) Mu. Blue: deep blue. Layout: comprehensive arrangement. Solemn: serious and respectful. Elegant: quiet and elegant. Melodious: describes the sound as high and low, harmonious and pleasant. Orderly: describe the appearance of neatness. Very different: the description is very different.

3. Baohe Hall in Zhonghe Temple, Ganqing Palace, Kunning Palace

4. D

Extended detection case

1. Praise: exquisite buildings.