According to what you have learned in The Analects, what qualities should a gentleman possess?

Confucius once said: "A gentleman has Jiu Si: he can see clearly, listen attentively, look gently, look respectfully, speak faithfully, think respectfully, ask questions in doubt, think hard, and see what he thinks." ("The Analects of Confucius Ji's") is relatively extensive, but it only tells the truth in all aspects of words and deeds. Zeng Shen entered more specific requirements. He said: "gentlemen have three expenses, and diet is not one of them." A gentleman has three pleasures, and Zhong Qing is not one of them ... It is a pleasure to have an awesome relative, a gentleman who works and a son who is left behind. Having relatives to be afraid, a king to go and a son to be angry are two kinds of pleasures; There are gentlemen to compare with, and friends to help. These three pleasures are also ... It is also a cost to learn less and forget long. If you do something meritorious, you will lose it, and if you do, you will lose both. Keep friends for a long time, and you will never get them. These three expenses are also incurred. . "In addition, Ceng Zi Shili has many strict requirements for gentlemen, such as:" A gentleman never forgets to enjoy others, never forgets to be courteous, those who come unprepared and those who leave are careless. The deceased does not slander and is innocent, which can be described as loyalty. A gentleman is respectful but not difficult, comfortable but not comfortable, humble but not flattering, generous but not vertical, generous but not frugal, straight and not going, which can be described as the unity of knowledge and action. " He also said: "When a gentleman enters a country, he doesn't say anything taboo, doesn't violate its prohibition, doesn't keep the clothes of Chinese color, and doesn't say that he is afraid of risks. So he said: "It is better to be frugal than to be extravagant; It's better than embarrassment. "

Obviously, the definition of a gentleman is much more specific and strict than "Jiu Si", although it is not beyond the scope of "Jiu Si". In the whole history of China's ideology and culture, this style of mentoring inheritance is very representative. Because the Zeng Shen school is too strict with the "gentleman", it sometimes reveals some Taoist flavor. The article "Ceng Zi Shili" also said: "A gentleman is never too small, nor is he too small. If people know, they will be willing. If others don't know, they will know. A gentleman should keep it for life. " "A gentleman sees profit and is ashamed, evil and ashamed, lewd and ashamed, angry and bitter. The gentleman will keep this battle for life. " Although this cautious attitude towards life is basically within the scope of Confucianism, it is obvious that the logic of Taoism is used to demand gentlemen, and its tendency of passive avoidance is obvious. This tendency may have been avoided by Zeng Shen at the beginning, but the development of ideas, like many others, can be involved, and it will be difficult to grasp its own deformation after a certain degree. Zeng Shen's requirements for gentleman's cultivation.

(2) "University" III. Explain the chapter in Xinmin: "Therefore, a gentleman does his best."

Gentleman here means "king" and "ruler".

There are similar chapters and sentences in "University", such as: 4. Explain the chapter "Stop at the best": "A gentleman is virtuous and kisses his relatives." The "gentleman" in the book should also be interpreted as "king". Therefore, the ancient gentleman also had the meaning of "monarch"