People's education publishing house, sixth grade, second volume, Chinese exercise 2

The Dai people in China have a long cultural tradition and a population of nearly one million. Mainly distributed in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, western Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture and Gengma Menglian Autonomous County.

Songkran Festival is the most important festival of Dai people. It is held in April of the lunar calendar every year and usually lasts for three to four days. Up to now, there is still a myth circulating among the Dai people: in ancient times, there was a demon in the Dai area. He has done many bad things, and people hate him, but nothing can deal with the devil. Later, the seven girls discovered the devil's achilles heel, and only the devil's hair could be put to death. One night, the girls bravely killed the devil. But as soon as the devil's head touched the ground, it ignited a fire. At this point, the girls immediately looked up in turn. Once a year, when you change people. People pour water on the girl holding her head to wash away the blood and fatigue. Later, the most important festival of the Dai people, the Water Splashing Festival, was formed.

On "Mairi", the first day of the festival. Early in the morning, people will pick flowers and leaves to worship at the Buddhist temple, but they will come to the clear water to "bathe the Buddha"-to welcome the dust for the Buddha statue. After the "bath", we began to splash water collectively. A group of young men and women poured out of the street with clear water and threw it at everyone. "When the water is splashed, the Dai family will prosper." "When the water is wet, it will last a lifetime." One after another auspicious, happy and healthy spray blooms in the air.

Dragon boat rowing is one of the most exciting programs of the Songkran Festival, which is usually held on the third day of the Songkran Festival "Maipaya Late Horse". On that day, people put on holiday costumes and gathered on the banks of Lancang River and Ruili River to watch the dragon boat race. There are all kinds of dragon boats moored on the river, and dozens of strong players sit on the boat. When the order is given, the dragon boat flies forward like an arrow leaving the string. There are gongs and drums, horns and cheers everywhere, and the festive atmosphere has reached its climax here.

"Fly high" is another program of the Water-splashing Festival. Goldman Sachs is a kind of fireworks made by the Dai people. Gunpowder and other ingredients are added to the bottom of bamboo poles, which are placed on tall towers made of bamboo, which are often detonated at night. Let out gorgeous fireworks in the air, just like flowers, dazzling and wonderful. Songkran Festival is the crystallization of Dai traditional culture, and it is a happy and festive festival.

Take your time!

Han nationality-On the first day of New Year's Day, people don't sweep the floor, splash water outside, enter through the back door, beat and scold children, and congratulate each other on good luck and prosperity in the new year.

Manchu-As the Chinese New Year approaches, every family cleans the courtyard. stick grilles writes couplets and wishes. On the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, every household erected a lantern pole more than six meters high. From the first day to the sixteenth day, the red light is hung high every day. Jiaozi is better for the New Year's Eve dinner. Pay attention to pleating. When cooking jiaozi, some of them are wrapped in copper coins, so people who eat it are lucky. Worship twice during the Spring Festival and once on New Year's Eve to bid farewell to the old year; Worship again on the first day of the new year to welcome the new year. There will be vault and camel jumping before the Spring Festival. There is also the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month.

Koreans-every family sticks Spring Festival couplets, cooks all kinds of sumptuous meals and eats "eight-treasure rice". On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, playing gayageum and playing the flute. At the dawn of the first day, people put on holiday costumes to pay New Year greetings to their elders. During the festival, men, women and children indulge in singing and dancing, springboard pressing and tug-of-war. On the fifteenth night of the first month, a traditional celebration party is held. Several elected old people boarded the wooden "moon-watching frame", singing and dancing with long drums, flutes and suona.

Oroqen-On New Year's Eve, the whole family sits around for dinner. Taste delicious food, drink wine and have New Year's Eve dinner. Young people salute and kowtow to their families and relatives and elders. At midnight, people hold birch bark boxes or iron boxes and walk around the stables several times to pray for the prosperity of the six animals. On the first day of junior high school, we pay New Year greetings to each other in new clothes. Young men and women get together to dance in groups. There are hunting dances, "red fruit" dances and "black bear fighting" dances.

Hezhe nationality-On New Year's Eve, everyone is busy cooking New Year's Eve, cutting window grilles and putting up lanterns. On the first day of junior high school, girls, women and children put on new clothes embroidered with clouds, went to relatives and friends' homes to pay New Year greetings and entertained guests with a "fish feast". Raw fish with hot and sour flavor, crispy "fried fish hair", salmon seeds. Folk poets offer poems and tell stories to people. Women play "touching paste" and "throwing bones". Teenagers take part in skiing, skating, shooting grass targets and crossing grass competitions.

Mongolian people eat jiaozi and set off firecrackers, just like Han people. Besides, we should eat "hand-grabbed meat" on New Year's Eve to show family reunion. In the early morning of the first day, the younger generation presented "farewell wine" to their elders. Then the young men and women got on their horses, rode on yurts, kowtowed to their elders first, then drank and danced, and then the men and women took this opportunity to hold horse races.

Naxi people visit relatives and friends in the first month of the lunar calendar and take turns to be guests. Young men organize lantern festivals to compete with other villages. Lantern Festival is held in cities and villages to show their national stories, such as A Niu's banter, longevity, social drama night pearl, lion rolling hydrangea, phoenix dance and so on.

Yi people-during the Spring Festival, people will get together and dance "Xi jumps over the moon". In some villages, men take water to cook on the first day of the lunar new year to give women a rest and express their condolences for their hard work for a year.

Miao people-call the Spring Festival "Hakka Year", and everyone slaughters pigs and sheep and bakes wine to celebrate the harvest, hoping that the weather will be good and the crops will be bumper in the coming year. Also need to sing "Song of Spring", the lyrics are: longing for spring, longing for spring, cherishing spring and embracing spring.

Bai people-Bai people began to worship each other and give each other gifts on New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve vigil. After midnight, young men and women rushed to fetch water as a sign of thrift. In the morning, the whole family drinks sugar water soaked with rice fragrance, wishing a sweet life. We may visit places of interest together, or play dragon lantern, lion dance and overlord whip.

Zhuang nationality-On New Year's Eve, every household will light a fire on the fireplace and it will not go out all night, which is called "welcome fire". The folk custom is to wrap zongzi for the New Year. During the festival, we will also organize various national cultural and sports activities to celebrate, such as singing "tea picking", lion dancing, pole dancing, playing gongs, playing top, playing ball games and performing local operas.

Jing people-on New Year's Day, they should go to the well with incense sticks to worship, which is called "buying new water". On the first day of the first day, Tibetan women should carry "auspicious water" from the river before dawn. People believe that the new water in the first day of junior high school can bring good news and good luck, and can keep good luck for a year.

Dongxiang people-like to have a land war during the Spring Festival to show their love for raising their own land.

Qiang people-every household should make all kinds of fried calf, lamb, chicken and other sacrifices to worship ancestors and gods. During the New Year, they should drink and sit around the altar. The oldest person sings "opening the altar" and then sucks it from left to right with a straw about two feet long.

Ewenki people-on the first day of the first month, pay New Year greetings to each other, especially to their elders and relatives. On the first night of the new year, men, women and children gather in a big house to have fun. Generally, the elderly call this an entertainment party. The woman starts dancing or singing first, and then everyone dances together, regardless of sex.

Daur nationality-At the dawn of the first day of the first month, women prepare breakfast, and men burn incense and worship God, praying for God to bless their peace and prosperity. After worshipping God, they toast their elders and kowtow to accept the greetings from the elderly. After eating jiaozi and putting on new clothes, close relatives of men and women get together and are led by their elders to carry out various entertainment activities according to their generations.

Hani people-women are busy making Ciba on New Year's Eve, and young people go up the mountain to cut bamboo and build a swing frame. During the Spring Festival, both men, women and children like to play on swings.

Buyi people-On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat around the fireplace and stayed up all night. Early on New Year's Day, the girls ran to the river to fetch water. Whoever carries water first is the most diligent and happy person, which also indicates a good year.

Yao nationality-during the festival, people get together and watch the funny and unique "farm drama". One plays a cow, one plays a plow farmer, one plays an extended hoe farmer, and three people sing and dance to celebrate the agricultural harvest; Young men and women gathered on the lawn around the village, playing Lusheng, Qin Yue, singing folk songs and looking for the right person.

Jingpo nationality-held a "shooting" competition during the Spring Festival. On the morning of the first grade, people gathered in the gym. The girls hung their embroidered wallets on the top of the bamboo pole. The shooter hangs the thin thread of the leather bag as a sharpshooter, and the girls reward the sharpshooter with a bowl of sweet rice wine.

Lahu nationality-The first to fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the "Pagoda Expansion" Festival of Lahu nationality in Yunnan (Lahu Spring Festival). On New Year's Eve, every household should make glutinous rice cakes symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars, offering sacrifices to the sun, the moon and the stars, hoping that the new year will be good and the crops will be plentiful. From the first day to the fourth day, young men and women rushed to the spring to meet the new water symbolizing purity and happiness. At the same time, bring gifts to visit relatives and friends. agree

Spring Festival travel rush stepped on the bell at 0: 00 on February 24th, 65438, and walked into the urban and rural areas of Guilin. This day is Guilin people's "New Year's Eve", that is, "Chinese New Year". On New Year's Day, people kill dogs and ducks to celebrate the Spring Festival. The firecrackers on this day, with people's wish to send the kitchen god "God speaks well", crackled and spread to Gao Yu. People think that the Kitchen God is the head of the family, in charge of good and evil, good and bad, good and bad, so every year, the Kitchen God should be sent to heaven to explain to the Jade Emperor, so as to save the whole family from disaster. The ritual of offering sacrifices to stoves is mostly completed by the elders in the family. They put candy on the kitchen stove and offered sacrifices to the kitchen god, praying that the kitchen god would "speak well in heaven and bring good luck to the world". The purpose of sacrificing candy to Kitchen God is to make candy "stick" to Kitchen God's mouth and make his sweet mouth speak well. After the night falls on New Year's Eve, firecrackers will be set off to welcome the Kitchen God. This is an ancient custom of "Chinese New Year" in Guilin. Nowadays, even setting off firecrackers is only a remnant ceremony of an ancient custom.

From the 24th to 30th of the twelfth lunar month, people are busy buying new year's goods, cleaning the inside and outside of the house and welcoming the New Year cleanly. There are many kinds of traditional holiday foods, which contain good wishes: steamed rice cakes on the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month are sweet, successful, fragrant and well-made. After eating rice cakes (high), life and work in the new year are flourishing and promoted step by step.

On New Year's Eve, people like family reunion. There must be "circle" and "happiness" in the dishes to express reunion and joy. That night, everyone went to the empty building and stayed at home. Burn charcoal fire in the brazier when you are old, which symbolizes the richness of life. At 0: 00, people of all ages are beaming and greet the New Year with firecrackers. This kind of happy voice comes one after another, until now it is still late at night, people are still awake and the fire is still on. Even if they want to have a rest, they still won't forget to snuggle up in the brazier and light a good fire tomorrow morning. The fire of Chinese New Year is like human life. This bodes well for wealth and prosperity in the new year. People's feelings for fire are so deep, perhaps because fire has brought civilization and warmth to mankind. Loving fire is like loving your own life, especially in the new year.

When the sun sets and the stars move, looking back, history has left us too many thoughts and mysterious thoughts, and this "old custom" is one of them. For example, the custom of Spring Festival has become the largest traditional folk festival in China. People pay more attention to the Spring Festival in the ancient capital, thus forming a complete set of Spring Festival customs. The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, commonly known as "Chinese New Year". The Spring Festival originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. The ancient Spring Festival was called "January Festival" and "New Year's Day". After the Revolution of 1911, the first day of the first month was officially named Spring Festival.

As far as Beijing is concerned, from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, every household has to soak Laba vinegar (garlic), and it has begun to have a "taste of the year". The folk song says, "Don't be sad, old lady. After Laba, it is the New Year. Laba porridge, how many days? Ber Ber La La 23rd ... ",the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is also called" off-year ". There is a ballad that says, "Melons offer sacrifices to the stove. Chinese New Year, girls want flowers, boys want guns ... ". From this day on, Beijingers are busier, offering sacrifices to stoves, sweeping the floor, steaming steamed buns, buying new year's goods, putting up the word "Fu", putting up New Year pictures, cutting out window grilles and putting up couplets. Sticking to the door and sticking to the money, I have been busy until the New Year's Eve and started the New Year.

Beijingers always post "Fu" upside down at the door, wardrobe and water tank, indicating that Fu has arrived. Sticking Spring Festival couplets is also very particular. Generally, red Spring Festival couplets are posted at home, and "horizontal approval" is posted on the lintel. The palace and the royal palace are decorated with rice paper with white background and red edge; People who guard the system (people who have lost their parents) should use blue paper; Yellow paper for temples. The Spring Festival couplets first began in the Five Dynasties in Houshu. It is said that Prince Shu wrote on the door of this palace: "The sky is falling, and the ground is connected to Changchun." This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Beijingers posted "Look up and see happiness" in the inner courtyard, "Go out and see happiness" outside the house, and "Glory to the whole hospital" in the courtyard.

In the past, most people in old Beijing provided shrines or statues. By the 30 th of the year, the most important thing was to put nine offerings; Youtang's honey supply, Cheng Tang's set cakes and flower cakes are all fresh, Cheng Tang's fruits, Cheng Tang's dried fruits and flower cakes are all eight pieces in size, rice cakes and rice, vegetarian jiaozi (or steamed food) and vegetarian stir-fried food (or fried food). Those with poor families should also offer three or five offerings. Beijingers talk about eating, drinking and having fun in the New Year. These offerings are actually for people.

Beijing people's New Year's Eve (also known as reunion dinner) is essential and the most abundant New Year's Eve dinner in a year. On New Year's Eve, we should serve meat and vegetables together. There are cold meats, big items and green vegetables. Cold meat includes cold stewed pigs, mutton and cold stewed chickens and ducks. Major items include: braised pork, braised pork, rice flour meat, red and white balls, and Four Joy Meetballs. Clear mouth dishes are generally tofu, green vegetables, Roche, pickled bergamot and so on. The staple food is mostly vegetarian sleep.

Beijingers eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month, which means "making friends when young". Jiaozi is always wrapped into an ingot, and sugar, copper coins, peanuts, dates, chestnuts and so on are put in the jiaozi. If you eat sugar, it means that life in the future is sweet; Eating copper coins means having money to spend; Eating peanuts means longevity, because peanuts are also called longevity fruit, and eating dates and chestnuts means early fruit. ...

The Spring Festival custom in Beijing is really interesting! agree

You are lucky, our class has just finished writing this composition!

You can write about eating New Year's Eve, shooting, watching Spring Festival Gala, solve riddles on the lanterns and visiting temple fairs. ...

Give you a model essay:

My family's new year's eve dinner

"New Year! Chinese New Year! " In the laughter of the children, the Year of the Rabbit will be ushered in, and there will be jubilation everywhere. My parents and I posted Spring Festival couplets, and my grandparents cut vegetables and meat in the kitchen to prepare a rich New Year's Eve dinner. The family is full of festive joy!

My family's New Year's Eve dinner is divided into two parts. Grandma is the chief designer, responsible for personnel scheduling and cooking. Grandma will take out a beautiful new set of tableware in the cupboard and prepare for the New Year's Eve dinner. Grandpa helps grandma do odd jobs and is responsible for buying side dishes, spices, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar, pots and pans. Me, I'm in charge of "stealing vegetables" After cooking, I always steal cooked food on the pretext of tasting salty taste.

Under grandma's command and management, our dinner officially started at six o'clock in the evening, and plates of delicious food were served, which dazzled me. Among them, braised fish, bean curd and water celery are our must-eat dishes, that is to say, for more than a year, peace and passepartout. This year is my first appearance. I raise my glass to wish my grandparents happiness and a long life. I wish mom and dad good health, always smile and smooth work; My grandparents wish me progress in my studies, and my parents wish me good health and a good mood every day. "cheers! Cheers. "

When everyone was having fun, grandpa suddenly asked me a question: "Why do you want to eat New Year's Eve?" Hearing this, I was dumbfounded and didn't know how to answer. Grandma saw that I couldn't answer, so she smiled and told a legend: "It is said that Levin had three sons, all of whom became epidemic ghosts after their death. Two live by the river, but one lives in the corner of someone else's house, and comes out to scare children on New Year's Eve. Because fire can drive away evil spirits, people light fires on New Year's Eve. Coupled with family reunion, the epidemic ghosts dare not come out to disturb the children. Also, when eating New Year's Eve, the family chatted, and everyone talked about the unforgettable things they met outside for the family to share. " Oh, there is such a saying about eating New Year's Eve. "I clap my hands for joy.

My family's New Year's Eve dinner lasted until eight o'clock in the evening. Grandma said: "CCTV has already started broadcasting the Spring Festival Gala. I wish you all good luck, health and happiness in the Year of Rabbit. Let's go to see the Spring Festival Gala together. "

On New Year's Eve this year, our family had a very happy New Year's Eve dinner in a warm atmosphere.

My family's new year's eve dinner

Our children are very happy to celebrate festivals. We can get rich lucky money, play and have a big New Year's Eve dinner. Of course, my family is no exception.

Eat new year's eve dinner

Our children are very happy to celebrate festivals. We can get rich lucky money, play and have a big New Year's Eve dinner. Of course, my family is no exception.

Today is New Year's Eve, and my parents invited many guests to dinner. They are busy preparing dishes-chicken, duck, fish and all kinds of vegetables. Look, my chef Wang (dad) is here. He walked into the kitchen with a pot in his right hand and a spoon in his left. Stir-fry minced garlic first, then add fungus, and finally add tremella to copy. Suddenly, there was a crackling sound of cooking in the kitchen, and at the same time, there was a burst of fragrance. Dad changed all kinds of meat into all kinds of dishes. I gave these cold dishes and hot dishes nice names respectively: Flowers bloom and flowers fall, hibiscus floats on the water, lotus seed chicken soup, fruit salad ... Just listening to these names, you must be drooling for three thousands of feet! At this time, firecrackers sounded outside the house. The lively scenes inside and outside are mixed together, like a symphony being played. After a while, guests came one after another: a cousin, a cousin, and grandparents ... We immediately paid a New Year call to the adults: "Happy New Year!" " The adults were so happy that they quickly took out red envelopes. After about a few minutes, I began to eat New Year's Eve dinner. So everyone sat around the table, poured a full glass of wine and wished each other well. Besides the rich dishes, there is also a traditional snack-jiaozi, which reminds me that my cousin ate his stomach in order to eat jiaozi with coins last year. I'm really worried that he won't be able to eat any other delicious food if he eats any more.

"Why do you want to eat New Year's Eve?" My cousin asked me curiously.

"Legend has it that Levin has three sons, all of whom became epidemic ghosts after their death. Two live by the river, but one lives in the corner of someone else's house, and comes out to scare children on New Year's Eve. Because fire can drive away evil spirits, people light fires on New Year's Eve. Coupled with family reunion, the epidemic ghosts dare not come out to disturb the children. Also, while eating the New Year's Eve, the family gossiped, and everyone talked about what they were proud of outside, so that the family could share the joy. " I told my cousin.

"Yes, your cousin is right, that's it." Menstruation theory. "Yes, here you are." Pass me a box with a red dragon on it. Opening the box, I saw two small wine glasses with the word "Maotai" written on them. I think this cup can be used by my father, who is a small drinker.

Then my cousin and I raised our glasses together and said, "I wish my parents happy laughter and smooth work." Mom and Dad said, "I also wish you good health and progress every day." Everyone raised their glasses and said in unison, "cheers!" "

Then my cousin and I performed a program for everyone. The first program is chorus: Happy New Year. I am the conductor and the host. With my dancing hands, my cousins sang Happy New Year word by word. Although my cousin can't sing, he still hums like us, which makes people laugh. The second program is I give you a crossword puzzle. The riddle is to bite off the cow's tail. No one can guess. After a while, my mother suddenly raised her hand: "I know it's a complaint!" " "I immediately took out the prize-a chocolate bar. Mother kissed me happily on the cheek. Then, we play idioms solitaire. I started: "Lighting." "Ming, star." "Stars, starlight." "Light, light, light ..." Cousin seemed at a loss, and then touched his little bald head: "Bald head!" Everyone burst into laughter.

At this time, my father came out of the kitchen with a plate of fried squid in his hand and said to us, "Don't laugh, come and taste the fried squid!" " "We were just about to eat when my cousin shouted," Stop eating! Eating fried squid will really get fired! " We laughed again. ...

It should be said that the Spring Festival, as the biggest festival in China's traditional programs, has far-reaching significance. It is an important bond to maintain family ties and a prime time for social interaction. With the development of the times and the progress of society, people's ideas will be constantly updated. I hope the next "Year" will be more interesting and happier.