Is the college entrance examination champion awesome? Compared with the ancient champions, it is much worse.

After the college entrance examination every year, the number one scholar in each province is widely circulated, and countless parents envy him, and countless restaurants are waiting for him. It would be a great honor if the champion banquet could be held here. For a time, "No.1 scholar" became a hot topic.

However, if you know something about the ancient imperial examination system in China, you will know that the so-called "top scholar" at present is actually not a top scholar at all, and may only be equivalent to the ancient "scholar", just a stepping stone to the official career. As for the current "top scholar", compared with the previous "top scholar" treatment, it is even more underground.

1. Let's talk about the ancient imperial examination system in China, so as to better continue the topic of "top scholar".

Generally speaking, the ancient imperial examination system is divided into three levels, but if it is more detailed, it can be divided into five levels:

Judging from the examination level map, the college entrance examination is equivalent to our college entrance examination. The annual provincial and municipal examination, called "scholar" and "desk", is equivalent to what we now call the top candidate in the provincial and municipal college entrance examination; If you don't pass the college entrance examination, you won't be eligible to take the imperial examinations in the future. This is a qualification certificate for taking the imperial examination, and it is also a stepping stone.

Those who pass the examinations for young students and scholars can study in schools in all capitals free of charge, with study allowance. Scholar has travel expenses and study allowance when he takes the provincial examination. And avoid the corvee and study with peace of mind. A scholar can be called a "student" when he meets an official, and the other party will understand that this is a scholar and should be respected; In addition, scholars can engage in the enlightenment education industry, that is, private school teachers, work-study programs.

After obtaining the provincial examination, it is equivalent to the national competition that the best candidates in the country participate in, once every three years, and the whole country is unified, compared with modern undergraduate education. In the exam, the name is Juren, and the first place is Xie Yuan (that is, Tang Bohu). Juren's treatment is simply too good to be wanted: tax-free. And have the qualification of alternate grassroots officials. When we meet, we should call you "Master Juren" or "Some Master". Because your land is not taxed, there will be more and more tenant farmers and land attached to your family, and you will become richer and richer. That's how ordinary big landlords came about (aristocratic families who were given a lot of land by the emperor were not in this range). Why was Jin Fan promoted by Jin Fan ecstatic after being promoted by Jin Fan? Because he broke away from the "working people" class and officially entered the "landlord" class, he can not only be a local rich man, but also have the opportunity to rise to the official position. After Jin Fan was promoted, the servants who sent him money, food, land and houses were all local big landlords, which showed that everyone accepted him to join the ranks of landlords, and the old landlords' acceptance of the new landlords had another meaning. The old landlord himself has lost his ambition and focused on cultivating the next generation, while the new landlord will continue to move up in the imperial examination and is likely to enter the ranks of official officials. Jin Fan later reached the level of provincial education minister.

The examination is a formal selection of candidates from juren to enter the officialdom. Because the examination is only conducted in a few national labor courts, the successful candidates are called "Gong Sheng". As long as you pass the examination, you will officially enter the officialdom. What should I do if I don't get the qualification of "Gong Sheng"? First of all, you still recommend people, and the treatment should be a lot; Second, you can continue to take the exam, and the qualification is always valid. This level is equivalent to the current postgraduate selection. Tang Bohu Tang Jieyuan, whom we are familiar with, was falsely accused of plagiarism in the process of taking the exam, deprived of all reputation and treatment, and banned from taking the imperial examination for life.

The imperial examination, where the emperor worked, was called "the temple". When he took the court exam, the emperor personally looked at the talents of this session and graded them. In fact, ministers can also do a good job in grading, but in order to show the emperor's emphasis on talents, the emperor should personally select the three best people, namely "No.1", "No.2" and "Exploring Flowers". The top three are Grade A, called A, and are called Jinshi and; The rest of the tribute students will be divided into dimethyl (with Jinshi origin) and top three (with Jinshi origin). This level can be compared with modern doctoral students. As for the "number one scholar", it is probably equivalent to the first place in the national entrance examination for doctoral students.

What's the difference between the ancient science and technology system and the modern education system?

First of all, the ancient imperial examination is more difficult than the modern examination. In ancient times, learning depended entirely on oneself and family, and there was no compulsory education system in the country. Therefore, it is very rare to be born in a poor family. Children who are truly qualified and qualified to study are mostly children of "rich families" and children of rich people. So knowledge is monopolized, and then politics is monopolized. It is not easy to give "poor children" a chance, unless you are particularly excellent or have a special opportunity. So we can remember that those famous scholars, such as Fan Zhongyan, are rare species. On the one hand, they are really good enough. On the other hand, they are also in a good time. The imperial examination system received high courtesy in the Song Dynasty. At that time, various ways were taken to prevent cheating in the examination, such as pasting the names of candidates on the examination paper and finding someone to copy the answers in the examination again.

Modern education system, in our country, primary school to high school belongs to compulsory education. Compared with the ancients, we are so happy. There are many universities to choose from when you graduate from high school. The ancients had no choice. Their competition is more intense, but the price is more affordable. Take a step forward and you will enter the officialdom.

The second difference is that the imperial examination system is the system of selecting officials by the state, while the modern education system is not.

The original intention of the imperial examination system is to select outstanding talents for the country. Scholars are aiming at this goal. Nowadays, education is more about the popularization of knowledge, the inheritance of culture and the development of intelligence, and entering the officialdom is not the only goal.

It's finally the turn of the top scholars.

In ancient times, the number one scholar had a specific meaning, that is, he won the first place in the last examination of palace examination in the imperial examination system, and selected the best among the best. After having obtained the provincial examination, the first place was Xie Yuan, the first place was Hui Yuan, and the first place was the champion of palace examination. They ranked first in the country in the three-level exam in a row, which is called ternary sum. The top scholar is the top figure in the imperial examination pyramid of China, and the senior high school entrance examination means "becoming famous in one fell swoop".

In the imperial examination history from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty 1300, * * * produced 596 literary champions and 182 military champions. And it is rare to be able to "connect the three elements" in the palace examination after Jinshi. The exact number of "three-way consecutive championships" in history should be 19, among which 16 is the Chinese champion and 3 is the Wushu champion.

Tang Dynasty III: Cui was the first person in China's "Lian Zhong San Yuan", with seven complete Tang poems. Wu yihuang. Zhang's Jian Cha Shui Ji is another important research work on tea ceremony in China after Lu Yu's Tea Classic.

Song Six: Sun He, author of more than ten refutations and 40 volumes of collected works handed down from generation to generation. Wang Zeng, the official to the prime minister, Renzong was famous in the world. He was a wise man except Ding Wei in the Song Dynasty, with outstanding achievements. He wrote the official records of Wang Wenzheng and handed them down from generation to generation. Song Yu has lived in Xiang for a long time. Yang yi. Feng Jing. Wang Yanshou, honest and incorruptible, is the prime minister.

One of the Liao Dynasty: Tang Wang.

A Jin Dynasty: Meng Songxian.

One in Yuan Dynasty: Wang Chongzhe.

Two people in the Ming Dynasty: Huang Guan and palace examination advocated that "stationing troops in traffic jams, ploughing and guarding them, refusing them when they come, and preventing them when they go, can disturb China's national yuan and worry about the border yuan", and won the first place in six subjects (county examination, government examination, college examination, township examination, general examination and palace examination). At that time, they said, "There are three yuan in the world and six songs in the world."

Shang Lu and Yu Qian, outspoken and upright, were ministers of the same dynasty and were praised as "a generation of sages" by the world. He is the author of Sketch of Shang Dynasty, Collected Works of Shang Dynasty, Brush Dust of Zheshan Mountain, A Mirror of Zi Zhi in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and Annals of All Nations.

Two in the Qing Dynasty: Baiqian. Chen Jichang, Governor of Jiangsu Province, wrote Poems as Ci and Imperial Examination Policy.

The military imperial examination is also a kind of imperial examination system, and it is the accompanying product of the "literary imperial examination" that started intermittently from the Wu Zetian period. There are only four martial arts champions in history: Yin Feng, Guan Bai, and He fought side by side against Japan and made great achievements. Wang. Wang Yubi, running the army is quite effective. Gu Lin.

Because of different historical materials and versions, the specific quantity is slightly different. As can be seen from the profiles of the above figures, those top scholars are basically "big cows", and there are not a few mediocre people after entering the officialdom.

The papers of those top students:

The top scholars in ancient times:

Wen Tianxiang, the top scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, is known as "the top scholar among the top scholars" for his lofty patriotic feelings and national integrity. Weng Tonghe, the champion of the Qing Dynasty, actively supported Kang Youwei and promoted the Reform Movement of 1898. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Ziyi served as an official in Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong all his life, and served as prime minister twice. He is the only one of the top military scholars in the past dynasties who was promoted from a top military scholar to a prime minister. Wang Wei, the champion of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, achieved the highest achievement in poetry and painting among the champions of previous dynasties. Liu Gongquan, the top scholar in Tang and Yuan Dynasties, achieved the highest achievement in calligraphy in all previous dynasties. Celebrities such as Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Wang Anshi, Zhang, Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu are all top scholars. There is also a scholar who is not well-known in the literary world, but belongs to Daniel in the Jianghu. He is Huang Shang, a scholar in Song Shenzong, and Song Huizong advocates Taoism. He ordered Huang Shang to collect Taoist classics from all over the world and print them into "Wan Shou Dao Cang". According to his prototype, Jin Yong thinks that he is the author of Nine Shadows of Zhen Jing.

In ancient times, people who had the opportunity but failed to become the top scholar for various reasons: Su Dongpo and Du Fu.

When Su Dongpo took part in the imperial examination, Ouyang Xiu was the examiner, because he thought the examinee's answer sheet was too good and his handwriting was good. Probably his own student, Ceng Gong, gave him the second place for fear of others gossiping. Who knows, after opening the book, I found a Sichuanese named Su Shi. If Su Dongpo's story is still a comedy, Du Fu's story is a complete tragedy. In an imperial examination in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the examiner was the prototype of "Mi Koujian". This guy is particularly worried about capable people coming up, so he won't admit any of them, and he said cheerfully to Tang Xuanzong, Your Majesty, we have done a good job, and all the good people have already appeared in court. Tang Xuanzong was so proud that a candidate named Du Fu cried himself unconscious in the toilet.

Finally, talk about the treatment.

The current "number one scholar" just chooses a good university for further study, and what the future will be like is still unknown. Once the top scholars in ancient times were released, they immediately entered the officialdom and got paid. Cross-horse parade, seeing all the Chang 'an flowers in one day, was once famous all over the world. The local government immediately went to the top scholar Lang's house to congratulate him, put up a plaque, and gathered in a big way. Central-level senior officials rushed to marry their daughters ... That was nothing! Unlike the current "number one scholar", family members spend money to pull banners and set off firecrackers in hotels to congratulate themselves.

But the champion will not immediately become a county official and other real officials. Generally, the editor of the six or seven awards of the senior academician courtyard, or edited by the academician courtyard, or written, doctor, or national history, or taught the son of heaven, and slowly learned the qualifications. Their starting point is much higher than that of students from Jinshi to be county magistrates, and they are all court officials, which has benefited a lot. As for being a son of heaven and a prince, the future is even more promising, such as Zhang.

Now, do you already know the difference between the "top scholar" in the college entrance examination and the "top scholar" in ancient times?