The geographical environment of Wu 'an

Wu 'an is located in the south of Hebei Province, at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain, with the east diameter of 1 13 45' to 1 14 22' and the north latitude of 36 28' to 37 0/kloc-0'. It is adjacent to Handan City and Yongnian County in the east and Zishan Mountain as the boundary. In the south, it is bounded by Cixian County, Fengfeng Mining Area, Gushan Mountain, Tianjingzhai Mountain and Nandaonao. West of Shexian County and Zuoquan County in Shanxi Province, bounded by Qingyang Mountain, Wanshou Mountain and Qingyazhai; It is bordered by Shahe City in Xingtai in the north and bounded by Motianling, Rose Village and Huangmushan, with a total area of 1.806 square kilometers. With the help of brand advantages such as magnetic mountain culture, the hometown of millet in China, and the national demonstration county of lean pig production, we have organized relevant leading enterprises to participate in various farmers' fairs and fairs for many times, vigorously promoted and promoted, and constantly improved the popularity and market influence of agricultural products. "Jingpin" brand walnut oil passed the organic food certification, and the anti-season organic vegetables developed by hejia village successfully docked with Hebei Qi Mei Company and registered the trademark of "Qi Mei". Six kinds of vegetables such as "Qingming" brand cucumber and eggplant were recognized as "green food" by China Green Food Development Center, and a series of modern economic words such as brand, green, organic and pollution-free became hot words in farmers' mouths.

According to statistics, in 20 12, there were 28 key leading enterprises in the city's industrialization, achieving sales income of 2.285 billion yuan, driving farmers in 750,000 mountainous areas to get rich and increase their income. Metallurgical industry is the pillar industry of Wu 'an. There are 18 iron and steel enterprises in Wu' an, with total assets of 46 billion yuan and 66,000 employees, of which 12 backbone iron and steel enterprises were established as Hebei Xinwan Iron and Steel Group. It has various specifications such as medium and heavy plate, medium and wide band, high-speed wire rod, rebar, H-beam, hot-rolled plate, cold-rolled plate, spiral (straight seam) welded pipe, and high-purity pig iron for casting. In the future, according to the requirements of "high-end, high-quality, specialization and deep processing", we will focus on developing high-tech products with high added value, such as high-quality strip steel, high-quality bar steel, special steel for machinery manufacturing and so on, and develop new varieties of steel for equipment manufacturing, so as to become a modern steel city and a "Central Plains high-quality steel base" with high-quality strip steel, construction steel and equipment manufacturing steel as its main products. Wu 'an iron mine has low sulfur and phosphorus content and excellent quality. Iron smelting has a long history, which began in the Warring States and flourished in the Western Han Dynasty. There were 49 iron officials in ancient China, and Wu 'an was one of them. After the founding of New China, the metallurgical industry was gradually restored and developed. In the 1960s, the scale of "group mining and group smelting" was famous all over the country. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, a large number of mining, mineral processing and ironmaking enterprises flourished, and now they have developed into an industrial production pattern of mining, dressing, smelting, casting and rolling. There are 2/kloc-0 steel enterprises in the city, with total assets of 7.5 billion yuan and 50,000 employees. The ironmaking system has 39 blast furnaces with a total volume of 6,665 cubic meters and an annual production capacity of 8 million tons. The steelmaking system has 19 converters with a total nominal volume of 680 tons and an annual production capacity of100000 tons. Six rolling production lines have been built or under construction in the rolling system, including 200,000 tons of stainless steel, 6,543.8+200,000 tons of medium and heavy plate and 6,543.8+200,000 tons of hot rolled thin plate, with a total production capacity of 5.2 million tons. There are 0/7 foundry enterprises/KLOC-with an annual production capacity of 80,000 tons. In recent years, in accordance with the requirements of building an eco-industry, Wu 'an City has stepped up pollution control in iron and steel enterprises, with a total investment of1700 million yuan, built 24 machine-made sintering machines and 14 blast furnace gas generators, popularized and applied many energy-saving pollution control technologies such as dust removal in front of the furnace, oxygen-enriched coal injection, shaft furnace pelletizing and converter gas recovery, and achieved a win-win situation of "environmental protection and efficiency improvement". In 2003, the metallurgical industry produced 4 1.6 million tons of pig iron and 2.39 million tons of billet, accounting for 1.2% and 5.9% of the total output of Hebei Province respectively.

Building materials industry is the pillar industry of Wu 'an. Wu 'an limestone is rich in reserves and excellent in texture, with proven geological reserves of 400 billion tons. Developing building materials industry has a unique resource advantage. In the 1960s, the building materials industry started. After continuous transformation and development, it has formed an industrial chain with cement as the leader, stone, stone and lime mining and processing as the basis, and energy-saving bricks and new wall materials as the development direction. There are 33 cement enterprises in the city, each with a scale of more than 88,000 tons, total assets of 6150,000 yuan, and employees of 0 10076, with an annual designed production capacity of 4.54 million tons.

Coal industry is the pillar industry of Wu 'an City. Wu 'an is rich in coal resources, with a reserve of 2.3 billion tons, an annual output of 2.5 million tons of raw coal and more than 654.38+00000 employees. There are 6 19 coal mines in the city at most. After rectification, there are 6 coal mines11,and the main products are raw coal, lump coal and washed (cleaned) coal. In recent years, two power plants, five coal washing plants and nine coking plants have been built around the deep processing of raw coal, with an annual coke production capacity of 2.5 million tons. While supporting the iron and steel industry, the coking industry has developed a series of coal chemical products such as light oil, anthracene and naphthalene by using coal tar. Wu 'an is located at the junction of Shanxi, Hebei and Henan provinces, with convenient transportation and criss-crossing road networks. The railway construction in Wu 'an started at 194 1. There are five cross-border railways with a total length of 14 1.3 1 km, and there are eight passenger and freight mixed stations 18. National Highway 309 runs through the east and west of Wu 'an, and Du Xing Highway runs through the north and south, with a mileage of 966 kilometers. Wu 'an City has developed various postal services, with a total installed telephone capacity of 1.25 million, 99,000 mobile users and a telephone penetration rate of 30.7 per 100 people in urban and rural areas. Since the reform and opening up, commerce and trade have flourished, and new logistics industries such as logistics distribution, chain operation and e-commerce have flourished. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 2.61billion yuan.

20 10 65438+ 10/2. The Hanwu Expressway connecting the main urban area of Handan and the urban area of Wu 'an was officially opened to traffic, and it only takes 30 minutes to go back and forth between the main urban area of Handan and the urban area of Wu 'an. It is understood that the Hanwu Expressway starts from the west end of Renmin Road in Handan City, passes through the West Ring Road of Handan City, the Hanchang Railway, the main canal of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the Qinglan Expressway, the Kangercheng Railway and finally the outer ring of Wu 'an, with a total length of 20.98 kilometers and an estimated investment of 65.438+66 billion yuan. Magnetic mountain culture Site is located in Cishan Village, southwest of Wu 'an City 18km, about 7500 years ago, belonging to the early Neolithic product. Since 1972, more than 5,000 cultural relics have been unearthed, which proves that China is the first country in the world to raise domestic chickens and grow millet and walnuts, and it has important historical value. Magnetic mountain culture is the archaeological culture of the Neolithic Age in China, and it is a typical representative of the primitive farming culture characterized by millet farming and settlement in China. It shows the spirit of human struggle to use and integrate with nature, and is named after the site of Cishan, which first appeared in Wu 'an. According to scientific determination, it has a history of 10300 years. 1976 archaeological excavations began, and more than 5,000 pieces of pottery, stone tools, bones and mussels were unearthed, as well as a large number of animal and plant specimens such as livestock and poultry and walnuts. About 6.5438+10,000 kilograms of carbonized millet were also found. Cishan is recognized as the earliest birthplace of grain crops-millet in the world, and also the earliest discovery place of China chicken and Central Plains walnut. The three discoveries of crops "millet" (millet), domestic chicken and walnut (walnut) not only reflect the great contribution made by the ancestors of Cishan to human survival and development in the process of understanding, utilizing and transforming nature, but also rewrite the history of millet farming, domestic chicken domestication and walnut producing areas in China and even the world. Household appliances characterized by ceramic flat-bottomed pots and bird-head legs, farming and threshing tools characterized by stone axes, shovels, millstones and grinding rods, grain pits characterized by rectangular pits, sacrificial relics characterized by pottery and stone tools, etc. , constitutes the unique and rich connotation of magnetic mountain culture. Magnetic mountain culture is known as "the treasure of China".

The former site of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Central Bureau and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region is located in Ye Tao Village, Ye Tao Town, 25 kilometers southwest of Wu 'an City. It is a cultural relic of modern revolution. During the War of Liberation,1946,65438+10-1948, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Central Bureau, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region and some government agencies in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region were stationed here.

Wuji Ancient City Wuji Ancient City is located 200 meters north of Wuji Village, Wuji Town, Wu 'an City, and 6.5 kilometers southwest of the city. It is the ruins of an ancient city during the war and the Han Dynasty. The ruins of the ancient city are irregular rectangles, 889 meters long from east to west and 768 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of about 688,000 square meters. There is a moat ditch around the city, about 60 meters wide. The four corners of the city wall exist, but most of them are gone, and only half of them remain: the west wall is 740 meters long, 3-5 meters high and 8- 13 meters wide at the bottom; The north wall is 600 meters long, 3-6 meters high and 8- 13 meters wide. The east wall and the south wall are gone, and they have become roads and country roads. In the middle of the east, west, south and north city walls, there are gaps with widths ranging from 10 to 50 meters (the gap in the south is slightly west), which are the city gates. The city wall is rammed earth with clear rammed layer, with a thickness of about 7~ 14 cm and a diameter of 6 cm.

Yicheng Ancient City is located in the west of Yicheng Village, Yicheng Town, at 18km northeast of the urban area, with an east diameter of F 1 14 17', a north latitude of F36 53' and an altitude of more than 200m. Located in a relatively gentle hilly area, it is the site of an ancient city during the war and the Han Dynasty. The ruins of the ancient city are rectangular, with a length of 1 1,000m from north to south and a width of 000m from east to west, covering an area of 600,000m2. The city site is relatively flat, bordering Yongnian County and Shahe City in the northeast, Nanhe River in the south and Linyi City Village in the right. The eastern half of the ancient city is occupied by villagers, the highway from Yicheng to Xiandewang coal mine passes through the middle of the ancient city, and the Shahe-Qilian railway passes through the south of the ancient city. There is basically no wall, only a section of the west wall and a section of the south wall are left. Xicheng wall is 15 ~ 20m long, 4m wide and 3m high, while Cheng Nan wall is about 100m wide, 4m high and approximately 10m high. Rammed layers vary from 10, 13 and14cm. The city wall is rammed earth, and the cultural layer is 0.6 ~ 1.5m thick. Most of the exposed relics on the ground are rope tiles, pipe tiles and clay tiles, and the recognizable shapes are cans, basins, plates and urns. The southeast of the site is the ancient tomb area. 20 10 Two bronze barons of Shang Dynasty were found in Zhaodian Village Brick Factory in Yicheng. Now it is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in Hebei.

Wu 'an City God Temple is located at the west end of Miaolu Street in the urban area, and now it is a well-preserved and large-scale ancient architectural complex in the urban area. The temple is located in the north and south, and it is a north-south axis building. Founded in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), it was rebuilt in Ming, Qing and Republic of China. The original scale of Chenghuang Temple was relatively large, with a theater, a gate, two gates, a worship hall, a middle hall and a back hall, all built on the central axis. There is a wooden archway on the east side outside the door, and there are symmetrical soap pavilions, east and west wings and bell and drum towers on both sides of the central axis inside the second door, with a total area of more than 6000 square meters. At present, there are only three buildings: the worship hall, the middle hall and the back hall, covering an area of 1 100 square meters. Although the only remaining worship hall, middle hall and back hall have been rebuilt for generations, they still maintain the original architectural layout, structure and form, which has high historical value. In particular, the ink pastel murals of "Town God Patrol" and "Mountain Monster" preserved in the Central Temple in the early Qing Dynasty are of high value. Now it is the third batch of key cultural relics protection units in Hebei Province.

Wu' an stupa is located in the northeast corner of the intersection of taxi road and Yingbin road in the urban area, in front of Wu' an Hotel and south of Miaojue Temple. Built in the sixth year of Song and Yuan Dynasties (109 1), it is an affiliated building of Miaojue Temple. In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1464) and the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1907), the tower was overhauled.

Wu 'an Pagoda is the oldest, best preserved and tallest ancient pagoda in the Song Dynasty in southern Hebei. Its construction technique and overall modeling are unpretentious, and its proportion is well-proportioned. Its structure and modeling have not changed much for thousands of years, which shows China's superb architectural technology, Wu 'an's profound cultural heritage and Wu 'an people's attention to cultural relics. Wu 'an stupa has become a landmark building in Wu 'an.

Confucian scholars and scholars of all ages have studied here and are famous for their Confucian mountains. According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Zijian often came here to enjoy the scenery. Overlooking the green hills and the green waters, you will be full of ideas and excellent works. Seven steps into a poem, a talented person must have the aura of Confucianism, leaving behind such an eternal classic as Luo Shen Fu, whose name is Confucianism, which shows the profoundness of Wu 'an culture. There used to be a cast clock in the temple on the mountain, which was engraved with the words "Cao Zijian Reading Room". There is a spring at the foot of the mountain, which does not dry up in the four seasons and is crystal clear, drinking horse spring for Cao Zijian. Wu 'an Nuo Opera

Folk Art of Guyi Village in Wu 'an City. According to legend, this folk activity began in the Ming Dynasty and was a large-scale folk art activity during the Lantern Festival. The Nuo opera performed by Guyi Village is mainly about "catching the yellow ghost", which is grand, mysterious and rich in content, changing the assertion that there is no Nuo opera north of the Yangtze River. Nuo cultural activities began on the 14th day of the first month and ended on the 17th. There are mainly team play (including face play or mask play), competition, float, dry boat, dragon dance, overlord whip, martial arts and so on. The climax is the performance of Catch the Yellow Ghost on the 15th day of the first month.

Wuan pingdiao

Wu 'an local opera is a unique local opera in China. It is popular in Wu 'an, Shexian, Cixian, Handan, Yongnian, Quzhou, Daming and Linzhang in Handan City, Hebei Province, Shahe, Xingtai and Nangong in Xingtai City, northern Henan and southeastern Shanxi. There are more than 200 traditional plays, most of which are large-scale plays reflecting historical stories, myths and folklore. Pingdiao has a complete range of businesses, including "four beams and eight pillars" and "twelve lines". Four bunches refer to red face, black face, Dan Jiao and Xiao Sheng. Twelve lines are four students, four denier and four pictures. The performance style is rough and bold, advocating stunts. Singing belongs to the Bangzi school, with five notes. The main types are adagio, Baer board, Baner board, scattered board, stacked board, inverted board and so on. There are also several miscellaneous tunes, such as "a string of bells" and "playing dates". Representative plays such as Pan Po and Xu Ce Running into the City.

Wuan luozi

Wu 'an local opera is a unique local opera in China. Usually, they perform on the same stage with Pingdiao, and their roles are relatively complete, mainly including Xiao Dan, Tsing Yi, Xiao Sheng, clown and old student, lacking the ugliness in martial arts. Historically, Xiao Sheng and Xiao Dan's plays were not strictly divided, and they often performed together. There are few traditional programs, and the stage art costumes are relatively simple. The melody of Luozi Opera is simple, which can be both narrative and lyrical. Wu 'an dialect is used, and Taihang Mountain area has a strong local flavor. Representative plays Duan Hua and Metonymous Parallel Prose.

Wuan allegro

Wu 'an folk art. It is a dazzling flower in the local literature garden. Its language is popular, humorous, vivid, lively and vivid, with strong local characteristics of Wu' an and the flavor of farmers' life, which is deeply loved by Wu' an and even Handan audiences. It was born in the early days of liberation and has a history of about 50 years. In the form of jingle, there are twenty or thirty long sentences and ten eight short sentences, with banjo, bangzi and gong, just like the number plate of Luozi Opera in Wu 'an, but more lively and crisp than the number plate. Because the speech is in Wu' an dialect, it is named Wu' an Allegro. At first, one person speaks, and then two people speak to each other. This is called Allegro. Since then, like a small play, it has been compiled into Allegro with a storyline and many people with different roles speak, named Allegro Play. Since then, Allegro, Allegro, Allegro, Allegro Opera on Wu 'an Avenue have become popular cultural and artistic speeches for the audience in festivals and various cultural and artistic activities. In the old days of marriage, wedding customs were quite complicated. Generally speaking, there are the following ceremonies:

1, engaged. After the matchmaker contacted, he thought that the birthdays of men and women belonged to each other, and the man quickly agreed on the engagement fee and the man's wedding sticker and sent four small gifts (bracelets, ribbons, etc.). ) Go to the woman's house and say, "Sincerely ask for permission." The woman's family sent back four small gifts (pens and belts) to the man's family, saying, "Do as you are told." This is a "book" and a formal engagement.

2. send a banquet. Before marriage, the man fried sesame candy and sent it to the woman's house and the man's relatives and friends' house in a lunch box. The wedding date is well known.

3. Dowry. The day before the wedding (now it is mostly the same day), the woman's brothers will send the dowry to the man's house. The female brother has the key, and the male family has to pay the "money with the key".

4. Wedding. In the old days, it was a red and blue sedan chair, but later it was changed to riding a horse to choose a good luck to marry a woman. The patriarch went with the groom and named him "pour the cup". The groom wears a hat and a robe with golden flowers in his hat. The bride's relatives crossed the groom in red. The bride's face is covered with red tulle, which is called "hood red". The woman has several people to see her off. -Each family greeted the door with flags, lanterns, gongs, blows and blows. The rich man blew the door the night before with a trumpet player, and the deacon used half his face. When the car arrives at the door, it is circled with red-hot ploughshare vinegar. The bride is carried out by two women with good conditions, and the ground is covered with red felt or colored cloth (the bride's feet are not allowed to touch the ground). There is a saddle, a woven grate and a mirror on the door. The bride stepped over the saddle grille and came in holding the mirror. Saddle symbolizes farming and weaving, and mirror symbolizes reunion. At the same time, praise. Hymns vary from place to place. There is a hymn that says, "The Yellow Emperor in Xuanyuan is the fundamental reason for riding a donkey and touching the coffin for the saints. The newcomer holds a reunion mirror to see the demon Wan Li. " The bride walks in, scatters grass and shoots a whip gun, which is called "exorcism". A hymn says, "One scatters golden roosters and flies to the sky, and the other scatters green dragons and lies on the grass. Three white tigers leave the sedan chair, four Five Blessingg live long, five five parties are more auspicious, and the husband and wife are good for ten thousand years. " The groom drew his bow and arrow, worshipped the heavens and the earth, and entered the bridal chamber. In the evening, make trouble in the bridal chamber, sweep the kang for the couple, toast the couple and drink noodle soup (descendants soup) for the bride. That night, the bride was guided to inspect the house and add coal and grass to the stove, which meant the beginning of housewife's life. After going to bed, there are younger generations or peers who "listen to the room." The next day, relatives and friends invited the bride to have a meal to comb her hair, and her mother-in-law took her to visit the neighborhood, calling it "worshipping people." On the third day, I went back to my mother's house and called it "recognition." Then the groom takes the bride to visit the man's relatives, which is called "string relatives". Nine days later, the bride's family called her back. Her name was Jiuyin. "The wedding is over. The etiquette of the poor family is similar to this, limited to conditions, and the ceremony is simple.

After the May 4th Movement, the intelligentsia gradually held a civilized wedding, presided over by the officiator, and invited relatives and friends who had high expectations for China's capital to witness the marriage. But there are still many musical instruments in the countryside, which lasted until the founding of the people's Republic of China.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the old marriage customs were gradually abolished and developed in a civilized and simple direction. Group weddings and travel weddings are gradually increasing. However, in recent years, especially in rural areas, some ancient and complicated customs have become fashionable again, such as asking for high dowry, meeting gifts, wedding ceremonies, getting on the sedan chair and getting off the sedan chair. The prevalence of extravagance and waste has become a problem in life. There is a saying that "a family is happy, the man is worried, the woman is worried, and relatives and friends are also worried."

The funeral custom has the saying that "the rich are buried when they are rich, and the poor are buried when they are poor". The old ceremony is roughly as follows:

1. Wash the face, change clothes and prepare the coffin for the deceased. The coffin was prepared by the son and the clothes were prepared by the daughter.

The dutiful son went to kowtow to his family and friends, with white paper on the lintel. The funeral was presided over by the patriarch.

3. Set up a crane in Peng Ling, be friendly before his death, express condolences to relatives and friends, and thank the dutiful son for kowtowing. When closing the coffin, the children stood around and shouted "Hide the nails". It is a bad habit for "descendants" (the grandfather's family of the dutiful son) to check whether the coffin, bedding and clothes of the deceased are suitable before the coffin is closed, and some find fault and make things difficult for the dutiful son.

4. Monks and Taoists do Dojo and turn people over. Drummers play funeral music.

5. Funeral. There are three, five or seven days of mourning, and wealthy families have been waiting for "March 7" (2 1 day) or longer. At the funeral, the dutiful son threw a clay pot, put on linen and Dai Xiao, and made a "banner" (the son was all white and the grandson was red and green), and the mourners mourned and cried. The trumpeter played, set off firecrackers, walked along the street, and then buried in the grave. After burial, according to the date of death, every seven days, paper is burned in front of the grave to offer wine, until the "July 7th" (49 days) is called seven days.

Then burn paper 100 days, anniversary paper.

After liberation, the funeral ceremony was simpler than before, with memorial service and cremation, wearing black veil and white flowers.

Fertility custom: female fertility, commonly known as "confinement". The placenta is buried under the house. The average person is forbidden to enter the delivery room, and the parturient is allowed to visit after January. The good news: In the past, when the first child was born, men were called exultation and women were called little Xi. Three days later, she went to her parents' house to report good news if the food inside was dry. Boy, put a book on the box; Girl, put a flower on the box. Make a full moon: in the first month of delivery, make a full moon mainly with family and friends, bring food, children's clothes and money for the meeting, and hold a dinner party to congratulate you. Grab Zhou: When a child is one year old, parents will let him grab books, knives and flowers, which indicates his lifelong ambition. Many rich people used to do this, but now it has been abolished.

Birthday, commonly known as "birthday". Birthdays are usually celebrated at the age of 60. In the old days, the old man sat in a hall, hung with Shousui, Shoulian and Shou Xingtu. The younger generation kowtowed in front of the hall to celebrate his birthday, and relatives and friends also brought food or money to congratulate him. Eating noodles at birthday parties is called "longevity noodles". -ordinary people, relatives and friends have dinner. To congratulate you.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the celebration of birthdays was greatly reduced. On their birthdays, children's relatives and friends will send some cakes and other gifts to congratulate them. Some people will have a dinner party, while others will take a "family photo" as a souvenir. Wu 'an Xiaomi is a specialty of Wu 'an City, Hebei Province. Wu 'an is the hometown of millet in China. Wu 'an millet is produced in the production base of pollution-free agricultural products recognized by the state. Wu 'an millet is made of Wu 'an millet, and does not contain any additives.

Wu 'an Lamian Noodles is a kind of pasta that Wu 'an locals like, which has the characteristics of strong gluten and softness.

Donkey burrito Wu 'an has a tradition of eating donkey meat since ancient times. Donkey meat is red in color, fresh and tender in meat quality, soft and delicate, and low in fat content.

Wu 'an braised dishes are home-cooked and popular dishes, and are also necessary dishes for hotels and restaurants to entertain guests. Every household often eats rice.

Wu 'an sesame candy is a unique Chinese New Year food that Wu 'an people must eat every New Year (called "collar" in the north). Traditional families in Wu 'an began to make fried sesame candy just before the Lunar New Year (that is, two or three days before the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month), and the number of fried sesame candy was enough for the whole family to eat "Dragon Head Up" on February 2nd.