Grammar of Changsha dialect

Changsha dialect has its own unique characteristics in function word system, word order and sentence pattern. The following are some examples compared with Putonghua, from which we can appreciate its humor and charm:

1. Putonghua: I didn't hear it until I left.

Changsha dialect: Walking, only listening to the back. ngo si zou da，hou-bei zai tin~ ta gan~ di。

2. Mandarin: Xiao Wang slept comfortably.

Changsha dialect: Xiao Wang is comfortable when he is sleepy. Xu Defoe.

3. Mandarin: What a nuisance!

Changsha dialect: Talking about the road is quite annoying! Guo Zalou Jin ~ Kyubi no Youko Xia ~ Sao Xian ~ Lei!

4. Mandarin: Don't tell me those old things. Let bygones be bygones.

Changsha dialect: Don't tell me the road thousands of years ago, even the port is useless. Nemo Gennugo xie Xi Kuha Wanpani ~-Z ~ Tilouta Road, Jinz Cuenca ~ Iman.

5. Mandarin: Nobody cares about me here.

Changsha dialect: A person in the room said me. ku-li mau ih-ku-nin ci-qi ngo。

6. Mandarin: Don't you like it? Then ask me who I am.

Changsha dialect: Can't stand it or is there any solution? I won't ask who I am. ni khan-buh-xio-khe a-zi o-kai lu？ i buh-khe ven-ha，lau-zi zi la-ku。

7. Mandarin: Don't talk nonsense, I will turn my back on people.

Changsha dialect: Don't talk empty words. I opened Bora and everyone in my family was blackmailed. moh khen-fo lu，NGO fah-qi-pau lai zi-ka tou sou-he lei。

8. Putonghua: It is too expensive for parents to go to school here.

Changsha dialect: school is too expensive, and mom and dad will sell blood. Hello, hello, I'm good ~-Liu Zitou flies away from Mai -xi Tower.

9. Mandarin: You should be sensible and apologize to others.

Changsha dialect: If you want to know the taste, you will suffer a big loss if you say you are sorry, or what? Ni iaoten-veipo, ka ~ sentei-buh-Qiqioh Zahma ~-tai-tikuei, a-zi o-kai lu.

10. Putonghua: He gave birth to a boy and loves him very much.

Changsha dialect: He gave birth to a girl and is very happy. Tuosentaza Ngazi, xi Baota.

1 1. Putonghua: Don't be smart, be generous to your friends.

Changsha dialect: Don't play with your head, be considerate of people who play well.

12. Mandarin: You betrayed me. Don't play dumb.

Changsha dialect: When you play with coffee, my skull is cracked, and I have to put treasure in it. Maybe it doesn't taste like waves.

13. Putonghua: It's just lovelorn. Stop torturing yourself and let's find another one!

Changsha dialect: Gadasai. It's a long way. What are you doing to catch yourself? You're afraid you won't find it.

14. Mandarin: No girl will take the initiative to fall in love.

Changsha dialect: Love makes you feel that your sister is looking for you. Tan Yi has nine plums.

15. Putonghua: Stop it, be practical and be serious.

Changsha dialect: Don't go straight to the case of Yang Wuliu, but look carefully.

16. Putonghua: Don't despair, God never shuts one door but he opens another.

Changsha dialect: Don't be silly. One thing doesn't look like it. Send some malicious sulfur. It's Gao ke, and then there's only one hole in the arch.

17. Putonghua: Don't you get it?

Changsha dialect: I don't know? Kau-buh-qin Tapai?

18. Mandarin: Didn't you grow up together? Fighting again?

Changsha dialect: You have a bad life since childhood. Why do you want to fight?

19. Putonghua: Stop it. I'm busy. You should be rational.

Changsha dialect: no eggs. I was tired and drunk in the restaurant. Want to know the taste? Mo Dao Lu ~-Xie Lu, Wu Taigu Li-kill him, Ni iau X-Viti Bu.

20. Mandarin: Please take a look at this thing for me. I don't understand.

Changsha dialect: Let's take a look at the guy from Lekar's family. Don't know much about routines. NGO Khan Hack Zaka Land Rover, NGO Buma.

2 1. Putonghua: Stop it, the police will deal with him.

Changsha dialect: If you don't even listen to the lecture, the police will get him drunk.

22. Mandarin: I'm not kidding you. I lost all my money playing mahjong yesterday.

Changsha dialect: I don't want to fight with you. Yesterday, I played mahjong and got Man drunk. I lost the cloth-sticky cloth, the meat-sticky meat and the triangle-sticky shorts.

23. Mandarin: Don't think that you can hide things without talking.

Changsha dialect: Don't think that I don't know what silence is like.

24. Putonghua: At the end of that day, he drank too much and said everything.

Changsha dialect: The next day, his back was too drunk and his words were a little salty. Hello, Patty Hou, hello, Kaha, hello.

25. Putonghua: Don't beat around the bush. What do you want?

Changsha dialect: What are you talking about? What do you want?

26. Mandarin: I don't know him very well. I hear he is difficult to get along with.

Changsha dialect: I don't know him very well, but I can't play with my friends. Changsha dialect has different pronunciations. All spoken words in daily life often follow the pronunciation of the local white people, while all written words, idioms and new words are often pronounced in articles, which are closer to the pronunciation of northern China. For example, the "only" text reading in Changsha dialect: cih6 white reading: caa6.

* People of different ages have obvious differences in pronunciation and vocabulary. Phonetic system of Changsha dialect

Tone:

Horizontal tone (inn 1pin2)- 1

Yangping (iae2pin2)-2

On (SAN 3)-3

Into (inn1kheh4)-4

Yang (iae2khe4)-5

Input (Y6)-6

Initial consonant:

Help p/p/ pan/pan/ 1

Ph/ph/ phan/phan/ 1

Mimi/meter/minute/minute/2

Apply f/f/ fu/fu/ 6

Terminal t/t/ tunn/t/ 1

You/you/you/you/4

Mud number/number/nickel/nickel/1

Fuck k/k/kann/k&; atilde/ 1

Look at KH/KH/Khan/KH&; Attilide/1(Khan 4)

Daniel Wu//Ni/Sadness /2

Great h/h/ ho/ho/ 1

See hc/t/ hcienn/t/4.

Lack of hch/t/hchye/t/6

Xiao/Li/Li /3

C/ts/ can/tsan/ 1

Chang ch/TSH/chan/tshan/ 1

Monk s/s/sen/s company/1

lai/l/lai/lai/2

Day z/z/ zih/z/ 6

Monosyllabic vowels and nasal sounds:

Aa/?/ah aa/?/ 1

(a/a/)

Ann/Ann/Ann/Ann/2

Ann/& atilde/ann/&； atilde/ 1

【AE/& amp； aelig/]

O/o/ ho/ho/ 2

[English/English/]

Er // theh/th/ 6

Ehn/ Li/Heng hehn/h Li/2

Ehnn// very hehnn/h/ 5

I/i/ I/ 1

1

Inn//Because Inn/1

When ih// sih/s/ 2

U/u/ u/u/ 1

Unn// Guan kunn/k/ 1

Y/y/ in y/y/ 2

Yn/yn/ halo yn/yn/ 1

Compound vowels and nasal sounds:

Ai/ai/ ai/ai/ 4

Ao/ao/ ao ngao/ sorrow/2

Ei/ei/ non-fei/fei/ 1

Europe/Europe/Hou Hou/Hou/2

Iaa/I?/Ye IAA/I?/2

[iae/I & amp； aelig/]

iaen/I & amp； AeligN/ Yang iaen/I &；; aelign/ 2

Ie/ie/ IE/IE/2

Ian /i/ Yan Ian /i/ 2 (Yan/Sad/2)

IOU/IOU/Xu Xiu/Yi Yi /6

uaa/u\u/uι/Wau aa/uι/3

[ua/ua/]

Huan/ Wang uan/uan/ 2

uann/u & amp； atilde/bend uann/u &； atilde/ 1

[ueh/u/]

Uehn/u yun/ Wen uehn/u yun/ 1

Uai/uai/ uai/uai/ 1

Uei/uei/ is uei/uei/ 2.

Ye/Ye/Ye Yue/Ye/6

Yen/Yen/Yen/Yen /2

Remarks:

In this system, the vowel is H to indicate the difference, not the end of the tone. Eh and ih are just symbols.

The initials of this system are described by H, for example, ph th kh hch.

This system uses neural networks to describe nasalized sounds.

Pinyin with [] indicates the sounds that have no representative words but are included in this system.