Philosophical Implication in Idioms, Allusions and Fables

1. Pulling out seedlings to encourage growth: To exert subjective initiative, we must follow objective laws; Violation of objective laws will be punished by it.

2. Take accident as necessity and phenomenon as law.

3. Carve a boat to seek a sword: deny that matter is moving, and there is nothing that I don't know is absolutely static.

4. As you sow, you reap: material movement has its laws; Internal cause is the basis of things change.

Do what you can: we should respect objective laws and give full play to people's subjective initiative.

See the trees but not the forest: go to school and look at the problem in isolation and one-sidedly.

Nothing ventured, nothing gained: all true knowledge comes from practice.

Alarmism: Denying the objectivity of the laws of material movement.

The magpie is happy and the crow is sad: denying the objectivity of the connection between things.

10 tailor-made, suit the remedy to the case: proceed from objective reality and analyze specific problems.

1 1: Ignore the contradictory characteristics of things and confuse the essence of things.

12 white horse is not a horse: sophistry that separates the relationship between general and individual, and subjectively and arbitrarily plays with concepts.

13 make the finishing point: be good at grasping the key points and main contradictions when doing things.

14 the city gate caught fire, which affected the fish in the pool: everything is interrelated under certain conditions, and the whole world is a universal organic whole.

15 The levee of a thousand miles collapses in the ant nest: the change and development of things start from quantitative change, and to a certain extent, qualitative change will inevitably occur.

16: external factors are an important condition for the change and development of things.

17 A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise: contradictory parties can transform each other under certain conditions.

18 gild the lily: people should truthfully reflect objective things and their laws, and never distort them subjectively and arbitrarily.

19: It is absurd to think that subjective feeling determines objective existence.

People buy shoes: rigid dogma. If you don't proceed from reality, you will achieve nothing in the end.

2 1: The fundamental reason for the development of things lies in their internal contradictory movements.

Nothing: reverse the contradiction between primary and secondary, and fail to grasp the key points in doing things.

Only by knowing and grasping the laws of things and doing things according to them can we get good results.

On paper: separating the relationship between theory and practice, emphasizing theory unilaterally and ignoring practice.

The extremes of things must be reversed, but the extremes of things must be reversed: the development of things begins with quantitative change, which will lead to qualitative change to a certain extent, and contradictions will be transformed into its opposites.

Seeing is believing: practice makes true knowledge.

Guide the situation: follow the development law of objective things and make use of the law to achieve success.

Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle: adhere to the two-point theory and look at the problem comprehensively.

A drop of water wears away the stone, and leaves accumulate into a book: the change of things always starts with a little change, causing qualitative change.

Tian Ji Horse Racing: Changes in the composition of things and the quantity of their permutations and combinations will cause qualitative changes.

3 1 treat the head and foot: only see the part, not the whole, and look at the problem in metaphysical isolation.

Knowing the laws of things, you will enter the realm of freedom from the realm of necessity.

33 Handan toddler: * * sexual things can be used for reference, but we can't ignore personality, blindly imitate and copy mechanically. A single spark can start a prairie fire; The new thing is weak at first, but it has strong vitality and can finally overcome the old thing.

35 kill the fish and get the eggs; Ignore the objectivity of contact, only pay attention to immediate interests, regardless of long-term interests.

Three days later, I was deeply impressed: things are changing and developing, and we can't look at problems from a static point of view.

Teaching and learning learn from each other: both sides of the contradiction are both opposite and unified.

One careless move will lose the game: local contact sometimes affects the success or failure of contact.

You can't see Mount Tai in one leaf: you should distinguish the mainstream from the tributaries, otherwise you won't understand the nature of things and draw wrong conclusions.

What works in the east: only imitate the form, not study the essence.

4 1 mantis catches cicada, yellowbird comes last: the view of universal connection is something we cannot forget at any time.

Different people have different opinions. Different people have different knowledge, so their understanding of the same object will be different.

On the contrary, they complement each other: the opposition and unity of the two sides of the contradiction are always inseparable.

Ask firewood in the mountains and fish in the water: proceed from reality and analyze specific problems.

45. Preventing micro-duration: Everything starts from quantitative change, and the accumulation of quantity to a certain extent will cause qualitative change.

Many things have happened: the development of everything is the unity of progress and stumbling.

Reading is like writing: some results are caused by some reasons.

Every year, flowers are similar, but people are different: everything is changing and developing, and there is nothing immutable.

Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later: the correct values of serving the people wholeheartedly.

You never know what you have learned on paper, but you must put it into practice: theory must be combined with practice.

5 1 One day I will ride the wind and waves, sail straight up and cross the deep sea: the general trend is forward and the future is bright.

From the side of the mountain, the distance is different: people will come to different conclusions when they look at things from different positions and angles.

The endless grass on the grassland comes and goes in four seasons. Wildfire never consumes them, but they grow taller in the spring breeze: the movement, change and development of things have their objective laws; New things have great vitality, and will certainly overcome old things.

Gold has no color, and white walls have flaws: we must adhere to two points in everything.

Shoot the horse first, catch the thief first, catch the king first: be good at grasping the main contradiction in doing things.

There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo. Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet: It generally exists among individuals and is expressed through individuals. Practice is the source of knowledge.

Mei Xu Xun's Snow is three points white, but the snow has lost a piece of plum fragrance: Only by insisting on dichotomy and analyzing the particularity of contradiction in detail can we correctly understand things.

58 ask about the canal. Is that clear? Living water with source: no fruit and no cause; Things can only exist in constant motion.

59. Listen to everything clearly, and generalize everything: adhere to the dichotomy, look at the problem comprehensively, and oppose one-point theory.

Avoid diseases and doctors: avoid and cover up contradictions and deny the objective existence of contradictions.

Classification of proverbs and allusions in philosophical common sense

1, heaven and earth are in harmony, and everything is born by itself. Everything in the universe exists naturally, regardless of human will. This shows that nature exists objectively.

2. Thinking every day and dreaming at night show that consciousness is a reflection of matter. For another example, some fairy tales, religious rumors and scientific fantasies we often hear are also reflections of objective things, but some are distorted and some are illusory or exaggerated.

A clever woman can't cook without rice. It shows that there will be no consciousness reflecting matter without matter, which fully embodies the principle that matter determines consciousness.

4. Steal the clock. It violates the principle that matter determines consciousness. It tries to replace objective reality with subjective wishes. Another example is "painting cakes to satisfy hunger", "looking at plums to quench thirst", "buying shoes for people" and "cutting feet to fit shoes".

Seen from the side of the mountain, the distance is different. Whether the consciousness is correct or not is directly related to one's position, viewpoint and method of looking at problems. Another example is "the public says that the public is right, and the woman says that the woman is right."

6. Different people have different opinions. It shows that people have different views on the same thing because of different knowledge structures. For example, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival looks at economists from the perspective of aesthetics, economic development and historians from the perspective of social history.

7. Where there is a will, there is a way. Explain that consciousness has a reaction to matter. Correct consciousness will promote the development of things. It will hinder the development of things. Another example is "lose the whole game, benefit modestly", "man will conquer nature", "everything depends on man" and "ingenuity alone"

8. Transfiguration means immortality, and transfiguration means extinction. It shows that human body and spirit are unified and inseparable. Transfiguration means immortality, and transfiguration means extinction. This is a materialistic view. Another example is that "everything in the universe is not created by God, but the result of its own contradictory movement, which also belongs to materialism." .

9. there is nothing outside the heart. It means that matter exists in people's consciousness, and there is nothing outside consciousness. This belongs to the idealism of "being is perceived", "things are a collection of ideas" and "flowers are bright and flowers are silent".

10, not only for the top, not only for books, but only for reality. This is Comrade Chen Yun's consistent guiding ideology, which requires us to proceed from reality and seek truth from facts in our practical work, and to oppose dogmatism, bookishness, empiricism and blind obedience to slavery. In other words, we should adhere to materialism and oppose idealism.

1 1, running water does not rot, and the home shaft does not rot. It shows that matter and motion are inseparable. Movement is the fundamental property of matter, and matter cannot be separated from movement; Matter is the carrier of movement, and movement cannot be separated from matter.

12, carve a boat for a sword. It is to look at the problem from a static point of view, which violates the view that matter is moving and changing. Another example is Waiting for the Rabbit.

13, it is impossible for people to step into the same river twice, which shows that objective things are constantly moving and changing. On the contrary, some people put forward that "people don't even have a chance to step into the same river once", which is going to extremes and denying relative stillness, and it is an agnosticism.

14, the sky is always there, not for mercy, not for Jay's death. It means that natural changes have certain rules, not because Rao is a holy king, nor because Jie is a tyrant. Another example is, "Hongyan flew all the way from Saibei. It eats rice in the south in winter and flies north in spring. " It shows that the movement of organisms follows natural selection and the survival of the fittest.

15, "Seedling encourages growth". It is necessary to rise to rational knowledge, because perceptual knowledge is only a superficial and one-sided understanding of things, and only rising to rational knowledge is the understanding of the internal essence of things.

52. A blind man rides a blind horse. Metaphorically speaking, practice without correct theoretical guidance is blind practice. Because the correct theory reflects the essence and laws of objective things and has a guiding role in practice. Another example is "Without revolutionary theory, there would be no revolutionary movement".

53. Practice makes perfect. In other words, only by accumulating a large number of perceptual materials can we rise to rational understanding. To have a large number of reliable perceptual materials, we must go deep into reality and practice repeatedly, and avoid "skimming flowers" and "skimming water". 54. frown and we will understand. Metaphorically speaking, perceptual materials are only processed by human brain thinking. Only in this way can we rise to rational understanding. Because the perceptual materials people get are often mixed with essence, truth and falsehood, which are separated from each other and difficult to distinguish from the outside, we need to go through the analysis and synthesis process of "removing essence and removing falsehood and retaining truth, from this to that, from the outside to the inside" to form a rational understanding. Another example is "thinking more about wisdom", "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous".

55. Handan toddler. Metaphor blindly imitates others without thinking, which leads to self-defeating and ridiculous. This story tells us that we should not only know things like the palm of our hand, but also be good at using our brains and thinking positively, otherwise it is impossible to form a correct understanding. Another example is "learning from the East is effective" and "swallowing dates".

56. By analogy, a person knows ten things. It means that if people want to acquire new knowledge, they must master the thinking method of reasoning. Because only by learning reasoning (including deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning) can they master the regularity of things, thus expanding and deepening people's knowledge.

57. It is never too old to learn. For example, the objective world is constantly moving and changing, so is human practice and understanding. The view of standing still and doing nothing does not conform to the objective reality.

58. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Metaphorically speaking, practice is the source of knowledge. People's knowledge is obtained through production struggle, class struggle and scientific experiment. Without practice, knowledge becomes passive water and rootless wood. Another example is "the truth is priceless, which can only be discovered in practice", "Seeing is believing in a hundred things" and "I don't know each other until I fight".

59. Books are used, but few people hate them. It means that practice is the driving force of knowledge development. Only in practice can one find the deficiency of one's own knowledge, thus motivating oneself to pursue knowledge constantly, broaden one's horizons and deepen understanding. As Engels said, "once the society has a demand for technology, this demand will push science forward more than ten universities." Another example is "A fall into a pit makes you wiser" and "Failure is the mother of success."

60. Applying what you have learned means that practice is the purpose of understanding. The fundamental purpose of human understanding is not to explain the world, but to change it. Therefore, it is not advisable to "sit on the road and talk on paper".

6 1, facts speak louder than words. It means that practice is the only criterion to test whether understanding is correct or not. Only practice can link cognition with objective things, and the objective results of practice can be used to test whether cognition conforms to objective reality. Another example is "What you say doesn't count, you will see it when you do it" and "Look at people's hearts after a long time" belong to this principle.

62. Everyone is a saint. It means that people are the subject of practice and the creator of human history. They not only create material wealth, but also spiritual wealth. The saying that "heroes make the world" is groundless. Another example is that "three heads are better than one Zhuge Liang".

63. In order to have a source of living water, people's practical activities are the source of human spiritual wealth and various artistic activities. Without the fresh materials provided by the people in practice, any creation will become a stagnant pool.

If you learn from what you have learned on paper, you will never know how to do it. In other words, while learning indirect experience with an open mind and studying hard, we must actively participate in social practice. Because indirect experience is really valuable, it can only be digested, applied, tested and developed in practice. Another example is "reading thousands of books and taking the Wan Li road", which also emphasizes the relationship between direct experience and indirect experience.

65. It is difficult to walk alone without a group. For example, individual practice must be combined with mass practice. If a person wants to do something and achieve something, he must take the road of combining with the masses, otherwise he will accomplish nothing.

66. Spare no effort. It means that a person can achieve brilliant achievements only if he is not afraid of hardship and fatigue and dares to fight against difficulties in practice. As Marx said, "there is no smooth road to science, and only those who are not afraid of fatigue on the rugged road can hope to reach the peak of glory." Another example is Pu Songling's self-encouragement couplet: "Where there is a will, there is a way." Hard-working people, irresponsible, are in trouble together, and more than 3 thousand armor can swallow Wu "belongs to this truth."

67. Both yin and yang are worried, so there is no gap outside. The image of the sky and the shape of the earth have their scope. (Wang Fuzhi) The universe is a material entity composed of vitality, and there is no other spiritual world outside the material world. Law is inherent in objective things, and it affirms the material unity of the world. Another example is: "angry people rely on reason" and ".

68. The similarity between "the official thought of the mind" (Mencius) and "the mind is the king of form, and the master of God" (Xunzi) and "the memory of human beings is in the brain" lies in that human thinking activities must have a certain material organ foundation.

69. It means that all objective things exist independently of people's consciousness, and things and their laws of motion are objective. 70. Knowing means knowing, not knowing means not knowing, and knowing means knowing. Speak what you know and admit what you don't know if you don't understand, so that you can be wise. This famous saying tells us that we should grasp ourselves as an objective thing and learn from it.

7 1. Ask for firewood in the mountains and fish in the water. The woodcutter is familiar with the situation in the mountains, and the fisherman knows the habits of water, so "ask firewood in the mountains and fish in the water". This proverb shows that people should think and do things from reality.