Introduce Switzerland's neutral position and current situation.

Switzerland, a permanent neutral country with a federal area of 465,438+0,284 square kilometers, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. 18 15, the Vienna conference confirmed Switzerland as a permanent neutral country. From 65438 to 0848, Switzerland formulated a new constitution, established the Federal Council and became a unified federal country.

Maintaining neutrality is the traditional purpose and pillar of Swiss foreign policy. After Switzerland formally submitted its application to the United Nations, its founding color will gradually fade, and Switzerland will begin to participate in international cooperation in Europe and even the world.

Neutrality policy is the best choice made by Switzerland according to its national conditions, history and tradition. This small central European country has enjoyed peace and stability for nearly 200 years and developed into one of the richest countries in Europe. The policy of neutrality has also brought great political and diplomatic benefits to Switzerland.

After the war, Switzerland, as a neutral country, wandered between the eastern and western camps and played a unique role in solving international disputes and maintaining world peace. Switzerland strives to establish or restore diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries in Eastern Europe. Moreover, when the United States and other western countries adopted hostile and containment policies towards the new China, Switzerland took the lead in recognizing People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) and became one of the first western developed countries to establish diplomatic relations with China. In the 1950s and 1960s, when the two camps of the East and the West were seriously opposed and regional conflicts frequently occurred, Switzerland was detached from the two groups and actively mediated and communicated with the parties to the conflict. During the period of 1954, two international conferences on peaceful settlement of the Korean and Indian zhina issues held in Geneva attracted more attention, in which Switzerland played an important role as the host.

After the Cold War, the space for Switzerland's neutral position to play a role in the international arena has narrowed, and its principle of "permanent neutrality" has been challenged more and more. Facing the new situation, Swiss political circles and social elites reassessed Switzerland's foreign policy, and realized that the development of new technologies and economic globalization have made interdependence among countries increase unprecedentedly, and the possibility of individual countries maintaining independence in various fields of economic and social life is disappearing. In order to safeguard its own economic interests and international rights and interests, Switzerland must participate more in transnational cooperation, and its understanding of neutrality policy should also be linked to various possibilities of international cooperation.

The treaty on Switzerland's permanent neutrality is based on the Vienna Declaration of 18 15, and Switzerland became the first permanent neutral country in Europe. Subsequently, Belgium and Luxembourg became permanent neutrals according to the London Treaty of 183 1 and the London Treaty of 1867 respectively. However, the permanent neutrality between the two countries was destroyed by the German invasion in World War I and abolished by the Treaty of Versailles in 19 19. According to the federal regulation adopted in 1955, Austria declared its permanent neutrality. The Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France made commitments and guarantees to the territorial integrity and inviolability of Austria in the way of Switzerland. Others, there are neutral clauses stipulated in bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties, such as 1902 the first alliance treaty between Britain and Japan; 1882 Germany-Austria-Italy alliance treaty and 1926 Soviet-German neutrality and non-aggression treaty.

Switzerland, like Denmark, is a small country, but its economy is relatively rich and its social welfare and public facilities are complete. Switzerland is a highly developed industrial country. Implement a free economic policy and minimize government intervention. Advocate free trade and oppose protectionist policies. Rich in hydraulic resources, the utilization rate reaches 95%. Forest area 1, 27 1.6 million hectares, and forest coverage rate is 32.4%. Machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, medicine, high-grade clocks and watches, food processing and textile industry are the main pillar industries of Swiss industry. Advanced industrial technology, excellent product quality and strong international market competitiveness. The main crops are wheat, oats, potatoes and beets. Meat is basically self-sufficient and dairy products are more than self-sufficient. Tourism is very developed, and it is the third largest foreign exchange earning industry after machinery manufacturing and chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The main tourist spots are Zurich, Geneva, Lucerne and Lausanne.

Switzerland has a national military service system. Healthy men between the ages of 65,438+08 and 42 must take three weeks to serve in the army every two years. Servicemen can also choose to serve once. The total service time of men is 260 days, and women enjoy the same rights as men and can take guns to participate in various military tasks. The Swiss army has 220,000 troops (including 80,000 reserves and 20,000 recruits), and its functions are national defense and terrorism prevention.

Switzerland is a "permanently neutral country" and pursues an active neutral policy. Universality, quality service and international cooperation are the three elements of its foreign policy. In June 2005, Swiss citizens voted to join the Schengen Agreement. As a neutral country, many international organizations are located in Switzerland. For example, the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements is located in Basel, Switzerland, and the ioc headquarters is located in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Switzerland has a small area and limited natural resources, but its domestic agriculture can supply more than half of the country's food demand. Switzerland's industrial development is very sophisticated, with advanced electrical appliances and machinery. Swiss service industries, banks and insurance companies all have frequent international customers. Tourism is also very important, bringing many employment opportunities to Swiss people. The employed population in tourism accounts for about 54% of the country, reaching 3.6 million.

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