Experience of Tibetan Language Training in Southwest University for Nationalities

The pace of modernization affects the pulse of cultural life of farmers and herdsmen in Tibetan areas. Listening to radio and watching TV, especially the use of some modern audio-visual and communication equipment, makes learning Chinese one of the most prominent phenomena in Tibetan areas. However, for those who work and study in Tibet, it is a trivial matter to make jokes if they are not good at Tibetan studies, and it is a major matter to make policy mistakes.

A long time ago, due to various reasons such as inconvenient transportation, harsh natural conditions and different living conditions, not many people were able to enter Tibet, most of them were officials or business people stationed in Tibet, and most of them had their own strong local accent. Later, more people came and people went to work in Tibetan areas with local accents. At first, it was difficult for even Han people to communicate with each other, let alone Tibetans, and even more unintelligible.

When people who work in Tibet begin to learn and apply Tibetan dialects, they usually "gesture Tibetan dialects in Chinese" and joke with a southern accent to a northern accent. In the 1950s and 1960s, when Tibet was peacefully liberated, the government asked Tibetan workers to establish the idea of "building Tibet for a long time and taking the frontier as their home" and learn Tibetan language. To this end, the Tibet Cadre School was set up to train staff entering Tibet in Tibetan. At the same time, groups of Tibetan youths were sent to the mainland to study Chinese. It can be seen that in any communication, language communication is the first. For a time, there was an upsurge of mutual language learning, and many people's learning spirit was passed down as anecdotes, and some people made jokes or even misunderstood because of inaccurate language learning.

Tibetan has a long history. It has been quite mature for thousands of years and has its own set of strict grammar rules. Take Lhasa dialect as an example. It uses different words according to the different identities of the interviewee, including honorific words and disrespectful words (including common words and vulgar words). He claimed that neither Tibetan nor Chinese used honorifics, especially modern languages. Chinese verbs do not vary from person to person, and Tibetan must use different verbs for people with different identities.

When we were working in Pengbo Farm, the team's translator once told a joke. A leader made two opening remarks in Tibetan at the beginning of the conference, originally to test his level of learning Tibetan. As a result, when the words came out, the whole audience burst into laughter, and he was also puzzled. This is what he said, that is, the literal translation of "let me talk and listen". This statement is indispensable in Chinese, so why are all of you here laughing almost over the roof? At that time, our Tibetan level was also average, and we didn't find it funny. The translation elder sister told me that the mistake was that he called himself "e-a" (I) instead of "e-a-lang" (first-person honorific title), and "chanting" (speaking) was not a first-person verb, but a honorific title, not to mention the accuracy of other languages and pronunciation. After listening to her explanation, I almost spit rice, thinking that learning a language should be not only bold, but also cautious. Privately speaking, it doesn't matter if there are random shots at the press conference, and it doesn't matter if it's not good to make jokes.

Everything is stimulated, and we can remember it more clearly, which can lead to people's "why". We learn Tibetan purely for the needs of work and life, and the language environment is very good. Few people around us can speak Chinese. Because I understood before I learned to speak, there was no big joke at first. Because beginners are pure imitators, they are confused about tense, subject and object, word order and so on. And they will make mistakes in their studies. Once, an Agala (a respectful name for married adult women) asked me "Where have I been" and I replied "You are stuck" (went to the team office). Chinese is correct, but Agra smiled. Fortunately, we are familiar with each other, so we have the cheek to ask her what she did wrong. She said "Qin Song" (gone), and you said that others (third parties) could not be used for themselves. When you ask people where they have gone, you can only use "Qin Song". I was really confused at that time. I didn't know there were so many sayings in Tibetan! With the deepening of imitation language learning and the improvement of Tibetan language level, I finally understand that Tibetan verbs are more complicated than Chinese. It is not good to master accurately, and it is not good to imitate blindly. Only by pondering and understanding can we truly understand them and use them freely.

2. Excerpt from Blood of Tibet

Sheep are called Lu, goats are called Hot, Niu Jiao is called Wolf Pot, and yaks are called Ya. Niu Jiao Yesterday, the mule pulled, the donkey was called Peng Gu, and the horse was called Da. The dog is Qi, the cat is Simi, the pig is Paba, and the fish is Nie. The male hen "just broken" and "just mother" gave birth to an egg called "Gong A". Highland barley wine is called "gun" and liquor is called "Allah". The wheat cake is called "Paler" and the cigarette is called "Tamar." "Pale Kampot" is a biscuit, and snuff is called "Nata." Its day is fruit candy, all kinds of brown sugar are called "Prirang", "Chemagare" white sugar and rock sugar is called "Xiegara". Three meals a day is called "Kara". In a word, all the food is called "Isaiah skirt".

The sky is called "Capsule Wood", the earth is called "Sa", and the stars in the sky are called "Gamma". The river is called Qu, the fire is called Mei, and the sun is called Nima and Dawa.

The peak is called Yue and the mountain is called La. The dam is called "soup" and the forest is called "salary".

Salt "rub", ghee "hemp" and tea are all called "tea". Milk residue "qu re" yogurt "Xue", all breasts are called "Omar". Noodles are called "thin", rice is called "folding", and Baba is still called "Baba". Radish, lettuce and cabbage are as good as those in China. All kinds of meat are called "summer", firewood is called "any salary" and grass is called "miscellaneous"

The soldier is called "mamie" and the merchant boss is called "Onion". The student is called "Loza" and the school is called "Loza". The teacher's name is "Ge Geng" and the teacher's name is "Geng La". Women and wives are called "Germaine", and men and husbands are called "Queka". Uncle Aku and uncle A Xiang, father, father and mother, elder sister and elder sister are called Jia, and elder brother and younger brother are called Juela. My sister and brother are called "Woma", and my relatives are collectively called "my home".

This is 18 written by an officer to promote Tibetan. There is no basic pronunciation part, which is only used to sharpen the gun at the last minute.