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Writing by means of literary description
Comparison is a metaphor, and prosperity is a sustenance. Zheng Xuan said: "Comparison" means "seeing the loss of the present, not daring to criticize, taking analogy to speak". "Xing" means seeing the beauty of the present, being too fond of flattery, and taking good deeds to persuade it "(see Zhou Li It is rarely used or not used in general literary works.
"Bi" and "Xing" are commonly used in ancient Chinese poetry. Besides poetry, modern prose and novels also use the technique of Bi Xing. The so-called "Bi", according to Zhu Xi's explanation, is actually a metaphor. It makes things vivid and vivid by comparing things with things to be written. It is inseparable from the two methods of comparison and xing. Therefore, comparison and xing constitute two skills of poetry.
The so-called Fu, Bi and Xing are the main expressive methods in The Book of Songs. "Fu" means to lay out the meaning of things directly without metaphor. "Bi" means metaphor, and "Xing" means to associate and touch the scene. The so-called analogy is a form of reasoning that two objects may be the same or similar in other properties from some of their same or similar properties. Analogy is a subjective and insufficient plausible reasoning. Therefore, to confirm the correctness of their guesses, It must go through strict logical argumentation. Sketch
in literature is one of the description techniques in literary creation, and it is also a traditional description technique loved by the masses in China literature. The mental outlook of the characters is outlined in bold lines with the most concise and economical words, and the writer is required to accurately grasp the most important personality characteristics of the characters, without rendering or spreading, but using vivid pens to touch them. Lu Xun's novels are typical works of line drawing. Lu Xun once said: "There is no secret in line drawing. If there is, it is just the opposite of the smoke screen method: there is truth, whitewash it, be less artificial, and don't show off." ("Composition Secret") Lu Xun deserves to be a master of line drawing, and his works are also masterpieces of line drawing. He said in the article "How do I start a novel" I'd rather have no foil. There was no background in China's old plays, and there were only a few main people on the flowered paper sold to children in the New Year (but now there are more backgrounds on the flowered paper). I firmly believe that this method is suitable for my purpose, so I won't describe romantic feelings, and the dialogue will never talk about a long article. "This is his experience in successfully using the technique of drawing.
. The author is required to make a true sketch of the characteristics and appearance of the things described with concise brushstrokes. For example, in Du Xuan's "Notes on Jinggangshan", there is a paragraph describing the "Octagonal Tower" in Mao Ping, Jinggangshan. The author writes the simple furnishings in the room in plain language without any description, focusing on the origin of the name "Octagonal Tower": "The light in the room is not enough, so it is on the top of the room. An octagonal light bucket was opened, so everyone called this building' octagonal building'. "When using the line drawing technique, the author was required to draw a thick line with a simple pen to form a vivid picture. For example, Song Sushi's" Drunk Book of Looking at the Lake Building on June 27th "(Part I):" Dark clouds turned over the ink and failed to cover the mountain, white rain jumped into the boat. The wind came and went, and the water looked down at the lake like water. Vividly reappears the wonders of the West Lake in summer. 2. Composition of group description techniques 15
It was a scorching summer, with red clouds and golden waves all over the sky. The sun was like a furnace of molten steel just released, and the sky was already shining. I came to school happily. Along the way, the flowers burst into golden smiles and the birds in the trees were chirping and singing cheerful songs. Even the grass poked its head out to enjoy the thriving scene on the earth ... but the news that the Chinese competition was eliminated was like thunder and lightning, which made me heartbroken.
The scenes that happened in the morning appeared again and again in my mind. When the Chinese teacher came into the classroom with a big smile, my mood was so excited and my heart trembled slightly: how much hope I had placed in this competition, how much hard sweat I paid and traveled every day. However, contrary to expectations, when the teacher finished reading the selected students, my heart was completely chilled by cold water, and I was eliminated ... And those selected students were all elated and smiled like peony flowers in full bloom. The heart of the account continued until that night, and tears flowed down like broken beads ... 3. Articles describing details
Novels It refers to the description of the most inconspicuous details in the scene, such as people's actions, eyes, subconscious actions, etc. Proper use of detail description can increase the realism of the article and the credibility of the characters. "Character" is the soul of the novel. Without vivid, concrete and nuanced details to describe the whole article, it will be dry and boring, without appeal.
The scope of detail description is very broad, and its functions are various, but it mainly depicts the character and shapes the character image. Vivid details are like cells in the human body. Without them, people would lose their lives. Without details, the characters lose their flesh and blood. Writer Lee Joon said: "A detail sometimes plays the same role as a plot or a scene in revealing the character characteristics of a character." As we usually say, "See the spirit in details".
The creation of literary masters attaches great importance to the description of details. In Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q, there is a detailed description of Ah Q's pre-sentence painting: "It's time to draw a circle, and the hand just shook with the pen, so the man spread the paper on the ground, and Ah Q fell down and tried his best to draw a circle. He was afraid of being laughed at and determined to draw a circle, but this hateful pen was not only heavy, but also disobedient. It just shook and almost closed, but it shrugged outward and became a melon seed. " This behavior detail, concrete, vivid and vivid, reflects Ah Q's personality characteristics-he adhered to the "spiritual victory law" of self-deception until his death. When people read this detailed description. 4. Write a composition with descriptive methods
Timid me
I am a timid girl. Speaking of my cowardice, there are many things.
I like watching cartoons very much, but I don't even dare to watch them when I encounter terrible scenes. Once, I watched Doraemon, in which there was a big crocodile with a big mouth and sharp teeth, suddenly coming out of the water to eat a little girl. I was so scared that I let out a cry and quickly blindfolded my eyes and my heart kept beating. Even when I slept at night, I dreamed of that terrible crocodile, so I had to call my mother to sleep with me until dawn.
Last Teacher's Day, I prepared a beautiful gift for my teacher. Before going to bed at night, I was afraid that I would forget to bring my gift the next day and put it in an obvious place. But the next morning, I was afraid to send it, so I deliberately forgot it. When I arrived at school, I saw many students happily giving gifts to the teacher, and the teacher happily accepted the gifts from the classmates. Seeing this, I regret it very much, and I envy their bravery very much. I think I will definitely give my teacher a gift next Teacher's Day.
I must get rid of my timidity and become brave! 5. Writing with descriptive methods
Describe the details in junior high school-the golden key to make the characters lively
"Character" is the soul of the article, but the common characters in students' exercises are often one-sided, neither personalized nor vivid, and the whole article looks dry and boring, lacking appeal. If you read these works carefully, you will find such a common problem: you often just pursue writing something completely, but ignore vivid, concrete and nuanced details.
The scope of detail description is very broad, and its functions are various, but it mainly depicts the character and shapes the character image. Vivid details are like cells in the human body. Without them, people would lose their lives. Without details, the characters lose their flesh and blood. Writer Lee Joon said: "A detail sometimes plays the same role as a plot or a scene in revealing the character characteristics of a character." As the usual saying goes, "See the spirit in the nuances".
The creation of literary masters attaches great importance to the description of details. In Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q, there is a detailed description of Ah Q's pre-sentence painting: "It's time to draw a circle, and the hand just shook with the pen, so the man spread the paper on the ground, and Ah Q fell down and tried his best to draw a circle. He was afraid of being laughed at and determined to draw a circle, but this hateful pen was not only heavy, but also disobedient. It just shook and almost closed, but it shrugged outward and became a melon seed. " The details of this behavior concretely, vividly and vividly reflect Ah Q's personality characteristics ―― he adhered to the "spiritual victory law" of self-deception until his death. When people read this detailed description, who can not think that Ah Q is ridiculous, sad and pitiful? How can we not "mourn its misfortune and anger its indisputable" and then ponder over the national inferiority?
Not only China writers, but also foreign writers. Such as Balzac's Eugénie? Grandet wrote that before Grandet's death, when the priest sent the gilded cross to his lips to kiss the icon of Christ, "he made a terrible gesture to grasp the cross in his hand, and this last effort killed him." Only this detail vividly painted the ugly image of the miser who was greedy and unchanging until his death. It is the description of details that makes the characters vivid and vivid. With vivid characters, the whole article is full of vitality and has a strong appeal.
Of course, not all the details in life are valuable, and it is not enough to write "carefully". Good detail description must be useful, true and typical. It must serve to show the spiritual outlook of the characters and deepen the theme of the article. It must conform to the personality characteristics of the characters and the reality of real life, and should best highlight the personality characteristics of the characters. Where do the details come from? Literature comes from life, and the details are in the colorful life. Be a conscientious person in life, always pay attention to the people and things around you, especially the objects you describe. On the streets of Shaoxing, Xianheng Hotel, Lu Xun concentrated on observing the short-sleeved gang and the long-sleeved guests before "painting the soul of the silent people". In Dublin's dark coffee room, Joyce coldly looked at the wandering * * *, liars, mental patients, beggars and rich people, brewing Ulysses that shocked the world. Throughout the ages, great writers have always devoted their lives to catching people and things that make the soul tremble and casting them into chapters that have been passed down through the ages. Capture the details, use the details, make this golden key work for you, and make your article shine! 6. What are the writing techniques of literature?
Writing methods belong to artistic expression methods (that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques, as well as expression techniques (skills)). Common
are suspense, care, association and imagination. Combination of inhibition, combination of point and surface, combination of dynamic and static, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, echoing from beginning to end (also called echoing before and after), setting off contrast, foreshadowing care, supporting objects and expressing aspirations, sketching in detail,
paving the way for suspense, figurative symbols on the front side, satirizing the present through the ancient times, revealing the ambition of the dead, connecting the preceding with the following, cutting to the chase, contrasting, rendering, contrasting the dynamic and the static, and cutting to the chase. Expression
is a common narrative, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression). [1]
Editing the commonly used writing methods and their characteristics in this paragraph
1. First-person narration
Features
Because the content of the article is conveyed to the reader through "I", it means that what is written in the article is what the narrator saw with his own eyes, heard with his own ears, or what the narrator himself experienced, so that the reader can get a kind and real
feeling. Using the first person, because the narrator is the party, the people and things described can only be people and events within the scope of "I" activities. People and things outside the scope of activities can not be written in, but should be analyzed in detail.
2. Third-person narrative method
Features The third-person narrative method is used. The narrator is not limited by space or time, nor by physiology or psychology. He can directly show the people and things in the article to the readers and reflect the social life freely and flexibly. But the third-person narrative is often not as intimate and natural as the first-person narrative.
3. chronological method
chronological method is characterized by telling things in chronological order, which is consistent with the actual situation of the occurrence and development of things, so it is easy to write articles clearly and clearly. When using chronological order, we should pay attention to proper tailoring and highlight the key points. Otherwise, it is easy to list, and it is easy to make a straightforward statement, like a running book, which makes people dull to read. 7. Write a composition by discussing, expressing feelings and describing
My teacher
He is not tall, with a pair of kind eyes that are often narrowed on his slightly fat face, and his short gray hair shows his loyalty. He has a strong right leg, but his left leg is completely cut off from below the knee and supported by a polished round wooden stick. We don't know when and why this leg was amputated. I only remember one time, when he talked about the legend of Nu Wa's mending the sky and making man, he smiled and said to us: "Nu Wa's clay figurine was so tired that she picked up the mud with her branches and threw it on the ground, and the mud thrown on the ground became a man. It's just that some people, because Nu Wa threw too much power, lost their legs and arms. That's when I was dumped by her. " Naturally, there was a burst of laughter in the classroom, but after laughing, every student felt a sour feeling in his heart, and at the same time he increased his respect for Mr. Liu.
He stands for hours a day, giving lectures to us, relying only on his strong right leg and a wooden stick. When it comes to writing on the blackboard, he holds the ground with a wooden stick, his right leg is off the ground, his body turns rapidly, and he turns to the blackboard. After writing the thick chalk characters, I turned to the podium with the crutch as the center. A teacher over half a hundred years old doesn't know how many times he has to jump and spin like this a day. And every time he turns, it causes the students to have an excited heartbeat.
his class is excellent. The history of the motherland made him proud. When it comes to national heroes of past dynasties, his generous remarks often make us cry with excitement. When it comes to the humiliating years in the modern history of the motherland, he often choked himself, which made us bow our heads heavily. Later, I was admitted to the history department of the university, which had a great relationship with the influence of Teacher Liu.
He doesn't like written tests, but he likes to ask questions in class, so that students can tell their learning experiences. I remember it very clearly. If a classmate answers,
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