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On the Harmonious Coexistence between Man and Nature

We can explain that man and nature should live in harmony through some negative teaching materials, such as the demise of tourist pigeons and the rapid demise of tourist pigeons. It is conservatively estimated that there is an example of biological extinction every day on the earth, which is reflected in people killing wild animals, destroying plants and wasting ecological resources.

Travelling pigeon

Travelling pigeons are very similar to ordinary pigeons. However, its back is gray, it seems a little blue, and its chest is bright red, so it looks so colorful.

Travelling pigeons are not only beautiful, but also numerous. They used to be one of the largest birds on earth. When they formed a huge team and sang high and loud songs, the birds blocked the sun and the ground was dark. Some pigeon teams are fifteen kilometers long and two kilometers wide, and the number is two or one.

What changed the fate of a traveling pigeon and made its meat taste delicious?

If you wave the stick into the sky a few times, you can shoot down some traveling pigeons. If you use a shotgun, it is more important to kill hundreds or even thousands. This was a fact at that time. At that time, millions of traveling pigeons were sent to the city by train every day and became delicious food on the table. With extensive deforestation and hunting activities, the number of traveling pigeons is gradually decreasing.

1900 One day, with a gunshot, the last wild pigeon was injured. 1909 There used to be an overwhelming lineup of pigeons, and now there are only three left. They live in the zoo. 1 965438+September 20091,the last pigeon in this zoo died, and all the newspapers and radio stations in the United States reported the news.

It took only 50 years for passenger pigeons to go from overwhelming to extinction. In the twentieth century, hundreds of animals disappeared from the earth forever.

1. Javanese rhinoceros

1. Javanese rhinoceros

Habitat: Indonesia and Vietnam

Quantity remaining: less than 60.

The Javanese rhinoceros is probably the largest and rarest mammal in the world. Poachers want its horns and developers want its habitat. And both of them have brought fatal disasters to it.

2. Mexican porpoise

2. Mexican porpoise

Habitat: California Bay

Quantity remaining: 200 to 300

It is one of the rare cetaceans in the world. Because of its limited range of activities, it is easy to be caught by fishing nets, and the finless porpoise is in danger of extinction.

3.cross river gorilla

3.cross river gorilla

Habitat: Nigeria and Cameroon

Quantity remaining: less than 300

The Cross River gorilla was considered extinct in 1980, but this species continues to this day. Humans hunted it as a game, and developers took away its habitat. It may not last long.

4.sumatran tiger

4.sumatran tiger

Habitat: Sumatra, Indonesia

Quantity remaining: less than 600

This little tiger has only lived in Sumatra for millions of years, so it can't escape the disaster caused by human expansion. Most of the surviving Sumatran tigers live in the reserve, but there are still about 100 living outside the reserve.

5. Golden-headed monkey

5. Golden-headed monkey

Habitat: Vietnam

Quantity remaining: less than 70

This primate was listed as a protected animal in 2000. However, it still faces extinction. In 2003, the number of golden monkeys increased for the first time in decades.

6.ferrets with black feet

6.ferrets with black feet

Habitat: Great Plains of North America

Quantity remaining: about 1000.

The black-footed ferret is the only ferret native to North America and one of the endangered mammals in North America. 1986, its number is only 18, and now this number is rising.

7. Borneo dwarf elephant

7. Borneo dwarf elephant

Habitat: North Borneo

Quantity remaining: about 1500.

The Borneo dwarf elephant is 20 inches (50 cm) shorter than the Asian elephant and has a gentler temperament. The reduction of palm forest area also makes the living space of Borneo dwarf elephant very narrow.

8. Giant panda

8. Giant panda

Habitat: China.

Quantity remaining: less than 2000

The extinction of giant pandas is mainly caused by the reduction and dispersion of habitats. The artificial breeding and species protection of wild giant pandas are also hopeless.

9.polar bear (white bear)

9.polar bear (white bear)

Habitat: Arctic Circle

Quantity remaining: less than 25,000.

Human exploitation and hunting have long threatened polar bears, but now climate change and melting ice sheets have pushed polar bears to a desperate situation.

10. Giant catfish in Mekong River

10. Giant catfish in Mekong River

Habitat: Mekong region in Southeast Asia.

Quantity remaining: hundreds

The giant catfish in the Mekong River is doubly precious because of its huge size (the largest catfish ever caught weighed 646 pounds, or 293 kilograms). Although this catfish is not listed as a protected object in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, there are still people engaged in hunting.

Animals are good for human beings.

The time interval between human origin and animal origin on earth is not too long. After the formation of human beings, they survived and evolved by fishing and hunting forest fruits. Later, agriculture (the first social division of labor) and animal husbandry (the second social division of labor) developed, and there was still surplus value to be exploited after production, so the primitive society advanced to the slave society.

The relationship between humans and animals is very close and complicated. People and animals compete for food in the food chain of the earth, and they are interdependent and have frequent contacts. Generally, it is divided into six categories according to people's needs:

1 Food animals provide human beings with meat, milk, poultry, eggs, fish, etc.

Labor animals (horses, donkeys, mules, camels, etc. Riding, carrying and pulling are regarded as "incompetent" forces and have strategic significance.

Economic animals produce wool, fur and leather, such as sheep, angora rabbits, nutria, weasels and blue foxes.

Experimental animals are special animals cultivated for scientific experiments and have strict genetic and biological requirements. At present, mice, rats, guinea pigs and hamsters are the representatives.

5. Raw materials for biological products of medical animals, such as serum horse and chicken embryo; Detection tools such as rabbits; Traditional Chinese medicine raw materials such as deer (velvet), bear (gall), cow (yellow), horse (treasure), tiger (bone) and so on.

Ornamental animals (pets, pets) cats, dogs, parrots, canaries, goldfish, etc. Animals in zoos and circuses belong to them.

In terms of plants:

Abies baishanzu Baishanzu was listed as one of the most endangered 12 species in the world by the International Committee for the Protection of Species in 1987. At present, there are only five trees in the natural distribution area, one weak and the other poor.

Carpinus putuo, a deciduous tree of Carpinus putuo in betulaceae, is at DBH height14m, 70cm. Except for the only specimen tree, it has not been found anywhere since then. At present, Hangzhou Botanical Garden has been planted successfully.

The stems of Alsophila spinulosa of Alsophilaceae are generally 10-20cm in diameter and 1-m in height, and some of them can reach more than 10m. Today, Alsophila spinulosa is only distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong and other places in China, and it is a rare and endangered plant in China.

Paederia is an endangered species of Celastraceae. Semi-evergreen tree, height13m, DBH 60cm; Bark is yellow-brown with well-developed flat roots. There is only one big tree in Hepu, Guangxi, which rarely blooms and bears fruit.

Gleditsia sinensis is an endangered species of Gleditsia. Deciduous trees, 15-20m high. There used to be five ancient trees in Hunan, but now there are only two left. The natural regeneration ability is very weak, and the seedling rate of artificially propagated seeds is low.

Acer truncatum, deciduous arbor of Aceraceae, height 15m. Only distributed in the narrow area of West Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province, only two strains were found in the outer bend of West Tianmu Mountain, and their growth declined. The sterility rate of seeds is high, and the natural regeneration ability is weak. Has been in danger of extinction.