Bacon's "Knowledge is Power" Essay

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Francis Bacon (Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561 - April 9, 1626) was a modern British materialist philosopher, thinker and scientist. Marx was called "the true ancestor of British materialism and the whole of modern experimental science."

Bacon once put forward many philosophical ideas, which had a profound influence on later generations. As the four illusions say, the illusion of race, the illusion of caves, the illusion of market, and the illusion of market. Humanistic thought, in the European Middle Ages, theology and scholasticism dominated, devaluing the value of human beings, preaching that nature and humans were purposefully created and arranged by God, and should be oriented towards heaven and the afterlife. In response to this kind of fideism and obscurantism, Bacon proposed the goal of studying and explaining nature and man, and discussed the status and role of man in the kingdom of man and nature. Regarding the relationship between man and nature, Bacon first affirmed that "man is the minister and interpreter of nature." According to the theory of overall welfare, individual good is an integral part of the good of the public, the good of the public is higher than the good of the individual, and the welfare of the public is higher than the welfare of the individual. This is his "theory of overall welfare." In addition, the slogan "knowledge is power" that has been circulated for centuries was also proposed by Bacon, leaving a beacon of wisdom to the world and laying a deep foundation.

The slogan "Knowledge is power" was put forward in the face of the religious-church authority and dogmatic thinking at that time; academic-Aristotle's philosophical thought has been regarded as a golden rule for thousands of years And it was put forward in the context of science - sticking to the rules, following the method without seeking deep explanations, and focusing on experiments. The promulgation of this loud slogan made the idea of ??academic value lay an important foundation for human scientific progress. At the same time, Bacon also became the representative of the spirit of the sixteenth century. During this period, Bacon did not just talk, but he also devoted himself to studying the impact of knowledge on life issues, human cultivation, faith, destiny, etc. It is also enough to prove Bacon's "power of knowledge".

The simple but powerful slogan "knowledge is power" resounds throughout the world. In addition, this slogan plays a huge role both in science and society. Application of knowledge in science. Another important idea in Bacon's view of science is the theory of scientific classification. Before Bacon, Aristotle's classification of science was still in use, which divided science into theoretical philosophy, practical philosophy and creative philosophy. Theoretical philosophy is the science of pure cognition, including metaphysics, mathematics, physics, etc.; practical philosophy is the science of people's behavioral norms, including politics, economics and ethics; creative philosophy is the study of how to seek benefits and happiness for people. Science, including crafts, literature, art, aesthetics, etc. This is the earliest scientific classification theory in history, but this classification separates the inner connection of science.

Based on the idea that science is a unified knowledge system. He believed that science should be divided according to human mental abilities. Human mental abilities are divided into three categories: memory, imagination, and reason. Science can also be divided into three major fields: history, poetry, and philosophy.

Based on its own scientific classification principles, it has also established the structure of a huge knowledge system. Philosophy is the science that Bacon is most concerned about. He believes that when engaging in philosophical research, human reason can go deep into the divine essence, observe nature, or reflect on oneself. Therefore, philosophy can be divided into three types according to the direction of rational research. Natural theology, natural philosophy and human philosophy. Since these three philosophies all arise from the same source, and they also have some observation materials and axioms, there must be a more general and fundamental first philosophy as the "universal" of all sciences. **grandfather". For Bacon, first philosophy refers to the science that studies the axioms that serve as the starting point for all arguments. For example, the axioms of geometry and logic are the issues that first philosophy explores.

Bacon believed that natural theology is the knowledge about God, but this knowledge does not come from divine revelation, but from perceptual observation and rational thinking of nature. He believed that knowledge obtained through observation and thinking cannot prove the truth about faith. Therefore, natural theology is not enough to establish religion and cannot enable people to achieve faith. It only provides information about nature to refute atheism. Questions of faith should be left to "revealed theology." Natural philosophy is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is the "natural science of observation", which studies causes; the practical part, which is the "natural technology of application", produces results. The theoretical part is divided into physics and metaphysics. Physics studies the changeable and relative causes of things; metaphysics studies the fixed and absolute causes of things. The practical part can be divided into two parts according to different theoretical sources: mechanics from physics and illusion from metaphysics. Human philosophy is also divided into two parts, namely, about human individuals and about human groups. The former studies the human body and psychology and the relationship between them, including four aspects of science: medicine, cosmetology, kinesiology and carnival art. The latter is also called political philosophy, which studies the social and political behavior of human groups. It can be divided into "the wisdom of behavior", "the wisdom of dealing with affairs" and "the wisdom of state affairs" based on three aspects: social interaction, dealing with affairs and politics. technique".

Bacon also proposed specific measures and methods to promote the prosperity of science. The main ones include:

(1) The place of architectural academics. Such as libraries, zoological and botanical gardens, laboratories, etc.

(2) Print academic books. Bacon said that just like the dew from the sky and the spring water from the earth must be collected in pools to be preserved, scientific knowledge must also be collected in books or colleges. Many of Bacon’s views on science should be gathered together, such as the unity of knowledge and power, the emphasis on scholars, and the emphasis on academic freedom. etc., it still has enlightening significance to this day. Knowledge is power, and it still affects us today. Although "knowledge is power" is a very old saying, it is still relevant in today's era. It is not only very powerful, but also far-reaching. In the 21st century with rapid changes and fierce competition, knowledge and learning have become the most important assets of individuals, enterprises, and even countries. We all believe that "knowledge is power"; after we have knowledge, we should use this power to influence society. Just like us college students, we should uphold the essence of the thoughts of the sages. We should learn more, no matter what aspect of knowledge. If a person has rich knowledge and knowledge, he can see all directions and listen to all directions when encountering problems, and deal with things calmly. . Similarly, if a person has rich knowledge, he will have one more way to solve the problem when he encounters it. In addition, you can also gain true knowledge through research and exploration, generate inspiration, and then reach the other side of your ideal. Otherwise, you can only act in a short-sighted manner and be unable to do anything when encountering difficulties. Practice has proved that the depth of knowledge is very important both for scientific discovery and for creative work. Only by studying diligently, studying hard, and enriching your mind with knowledge can you rely on rich knowledge to build a connection for innovative thinking. Only when you think and study problems can you have a broad vision and flexible ideas, and can you get rid of mediocrity and work creatively. . Modern society is called an era full of knowledge. This is because the pace of civilization is advancing by leaps and bounds, and many unknown fields are quickly cut into and conquered, thus opening up a broad space for people to understand, think and practice. If we carefully observe the things that have poured into our families and lives and provided us with great convenience, which one is not the crystallization of knowledge? In a sense, knowledge is not only power, but also wealth. Get up, so as not to dissipate and disappear.

(3) Improve the treatment of scholars. Bacon proposed that only when scholars have a comfortable living situation and generous living expenses can they devote all their energy and life to academic exploration and academic cultivation6. Many of Bacon's views on science, such as the unity of knowledge and power, the emphasis on scholars, and the emphasis on academic freedom, are still of enlightening significance today. Knowledge is power, and it still affects us today.

Although "knowledge is power" is a very old saying, it is still relevant in today's era. It is not only very powerful, but also far-reaching. In the 21st century with rapid changes and fierce competition, knowledge and learning have become the most important assets of individuals, enterprises, and even countries. We all believe that "knowledge is power"; after we have knowledge, we should use this power to influence society.

Just like us college students, we should uphold the essence of the sages’ thoughts. We should learn more. No matter what aspect of knowledge, if a person has rich knowledge and knowledge, he can see things with his eyes. Listen to all directions with six ears and handle things calmly. Similarly, if a person has rich knowledge, he will have one more way to solve the problem when he encounters it. In addition, you can also gain true knowledge through research and exploration, generate inspiration, and then reach the other side of your ideal. Otherwise, you can only act in a short-sighted manner and be unable to do anything when encountering difficulties. Practice has proved that the depth of knowledge is very important both for scientific discovery and for creative work. Only by studying diligently, studying hard, and enriching your mind with knowledge can you rely on rich knowledge to build a connection for innovative thinking. Only when you think and study problems can you have a broad vision and flexible ideas, and can you get rid of mediocrity and work creatively. .

Modern society is called an era full of knowledge. This is because the pace of civilization is advancing by leaps and bounds, and many unknown fields are quickly cut into and conquered, thus opening up a broad space for people to understand, think and practice. . If we carefully observe the things that have poured into our families and lives and provided us with great convenience, which one is not the crystallization of knowledge? In a sense, knowledge is not only power, but also wealth. Bacon's "Knowledge is Power" Essay (2)

"Knowledge is power! This sentence has been inspiring me for several years, especially when I was a teenager. I have been frail since I was a child, and people laughed at me for not having the strength to work in the countryside. I have a strong self-esteem. In order not to admit defeat, I would secretly compete with my peers of the same age while weeding and working. While others were playing, I was busy working. However, every time I was embarrassed, I was still not as good as my companions, and I felt very depressed. After I went to school, I can’t remember which year it was, but the phrase “knowledge is power” came into my life, and I saw hope in my fragile state. Therefore, I have studied hard since I was a child, and my grades have always been very good. I often tutor my peers in their studies. I, who have always been introverted and timid, found myself.

The phrase "knowledge is power" has helped inspire me and allowed me to develop the habit of loving learning over the years. Although the content of my studies is different in different periods, I have always been intoxicated in the pursuit of knowledge. I am very grateful to the earliest proposer of this sentence - Bacon.

So, I transferred Bacon’s life to learn together.

The classic saying "Knowledge is power" was first said by Francis Bacon.

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was a British philosopher in the 16th and 17th centuries and the founder of empiricist philosophy.

In the era when he lived, Europe had already shaken off the shadow of the Middle Ages. Although the most glorious period of the Renaissance had passed, its afterglow had not been exhausted, and social productivity and science and technology had made great progress. progress. Such a historical background has left a deep imprint on Bacon's philosophy. Bacon was born into a new aristocratic family that developed during the religious reform movement. His father had served as the king's keeper of the seal. He entered Oxford University when he was 12 years old. After graduating from university, he began to engage in politics. He successively served as Deputy Attorney General, Attorney General and other important positions. In 1617, he was Lord Chancellor of the Seal. In 1618, he was appointed Lord Chancellor. In the same year, he was granted the title of Baron Verulam. , made Viscount St. Albans in 1621. When he was proud of his official career, he was suddenly accused of taking bribes and dismissed from office. He was sent to the Tower of London, but he was released by the king's order four days later. His main works include: "Academic Progress", "New Tools", "New Atlantic Island", etc.

Bacon’s greatest contribution in philosophy is that he proposed a series of principles of materialist empiricism; he formulated a systematic inductive logic and emphasized the role of experiments in understanding.

Marx and Engels called Bacon "the first founder of British materialism" and "the true ancestor of the entire experimental science". This is a scientific summary of the characteristics of Bacon's philosophy. Bacon believed that the world is an objective existence independent of human will, and human knowledge (cognition) can only be obtained from the objective external world through perceptual experience. He said: "Man is the servant and interpreter of nature, so all he can do and understand is what he has seen of natural processes in fact and thought." He believes that the reality of knowledge and the reality of existence are consistent, and "the difference between them is nothing more than direct light and reflected light." This is a quite thorough materialist reflection theory. Why must people’s knowledge begin with experience? Because in Bacon’s view, objective external things can only be perceived by people through human senses. In his words, “Individuals (objective external objects) first stimulate the senses, and the senses It seems to be the entrance and doorway to reason." It is worth noting that although Bacon emphasized the importance of perceptual experience to people's understanding, he did not make this point absolute. He only emphasized that the senses are a necessary channel for people to understand the outside world, and did not talk about the knowledge obtained through the senses. All knowledge is correct, not to mention that this understanding is all knowledge. On the contrary, he believed that the senses themselves have limitations. For example, the senses may not be able to clearly understand objects that are not very visible, or are too small, or are too far away in space. Therefore, he said: "Conclude that the senses are the measure of all things." It is a big mistake.”

He said that bees collect nectar from flowers in flower beds and fields. After bees collect pollen, they must process it themselves to create sweet and delicious honey. The same goes for human knowledge. Raw materials can only be obtained from the outside world through the senses, but this does not mean that real knowledge has been obtained. People must also use their own brains to "change and digest these materials obtained from the outside world and preserve them in the human body." in the intellect” so that true knowledge can be formed.

What is particularly commendable is that Bacon attached great importance to the role of scientific experiments in understanding. This is related to the fact that Bacon was not only a philosopher, but also a scientist. He believes that experiments are different from experience. Experience is formed naturally, while experiments are controlled by people. Through scientific experiments, people can often obtain knowledge that cannot be obtained from experience. "The secrets of nature are more easily revealed under technological intervention than during natural activities."

Another characteristic of Bacon’s epistemology is that he believes that in order to understand nature, we must break down various obstacles in the human mind and achieve the liberation of reason. In his view, people's cognitive errors come from two aspects, namely from feelings and from the mind. Errors in the mental aspect have a greater impact on people's understanding. He said: "The mind is far from being comparable to the properties of a clear and clean mirror, on which the rays of things are reflected according to their true angle of incidence; no, it is rather a bewitched mirror. If it is not relieved of its Demonic obstacles, restored to their original state, are full of superstition and deceit. "There are four kinds of demonic obstacles coming from the mind: racial illusions, cave illusions, market illusions and theater illusions. The racial illusion refers to the mistakes that all human beings are prone to make; the cave illusion refers to someone who messes around with their imaginary theories to force objective things to conform to his thoughts; the market illusion refers to the inappropriate use of concepts and terminology. This kind of mistake is more likely to be made, especially when the objective things have changed, and the concepts and terms originally used have not had enough time to make corresponding changes, and there is a disconnect between them and the things they are intended to explain; theater illusion refers to the reason why The mistake made by blindly believing in traditional philosophy. Here, Bacon pointed his criticism at the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, which had a great influence on the history of European philosophy.

Bacon attaches great importance to perceptual experience and scientific experiments, which is exactly the opposite of medieval theology and scholasticism that emphasize divine revelation and faith. His philosophy is essentially opposed to theology and scholasticism. This can also be seen from his proposition that "knowledge is power".

For a long time, many books and papers about Bacon have mentioned the proposition "knowledge is power". However, in which work Bacon proposed this proposition, they are all missing. Over time, people even doubted that Bacon actually had it. This proposition has not been raised. Not long ago, I read the American scholar Will Durant's "History of World Civilization" and realized that Bacon's existing works such as "The Progress of Learning", "New Tools", and "New Atlantis" are indeed There is no such proposition, but this sentence is left in a fragment of his "Meditations Sacrae" ("Meditations"). Its Latin text is: "ipsa scientia protestas est" ("Knowledge is power"). This "Meditations" has not been published publicly, so some people only know that Bacon said "knowledge is power", but it is not known where he said it. Bacon's "Knowledge is Power" Essay (3)

What is life? Why do countless people keep exploring it, questioning it, and demonstrating it? Life is an empty and profound topic. As we walk On the road of life, this road is so unfamiliar and full of too many unknown factors. When we were children, we didn’t know how to ask about life because our parents guided us, but as teenagers, we had a certain ideology and more doubts and worries, hoping to get answers. I was very glad that I had "" The book "Bacon on Life" guides.

Francis Bacon’s “Knowledge is power” should be the most familiar quote to the public. When I first came across this collection of his essays, I thought it would be an abstract and obscure work. However, this is not the case. Bacon used his own experience and thinking, life and some topics of human nature to unlock the mystery of life. In the process of reading, a feeling of sudden enlightenment constantly overflowed in my heart. Although he didn't really tell me what to do, he made a rational analysis of these things, which gave me my own understanding and understanding of life.

First of all, the world is a unity of truth, goodness, beauty and falsehood, evil and ugliness. Discussing truth and lies in the opening chapter "On Truth", Bacon said that for the world, truth is like a pearl, which only becomes bright when it is illuminated by the sun. Truth is not the kind of ruby ????or diamond that needs the help of flickering candlelight to transform into colorful colors. But in fact truth is the highest virtue in human nature. And lies are “asking God to execute the death knell of the Last Judgment.” In "On Goodness and Goodness of Nature", he mentioned that "'goodness' is consistent with the virtues in theology, 'benevolence', and it will not be excessive, but can only be wrong." In the article "On Beauty", Bacon also wrote : "Virtue is better than gemstones, which are beautiful when set in nature; and those who are kind and attached to beauty are undoubtedly the most beautiful." Truth, goodness and beauty are the most beautiful things in the world.

However, in "On Disguise and Disguise", it is said that disguise and dissimulation make people confused and "deprive a person of his main tool for doing things-trust and trust." In "On Jealousy", he also said that jealousy, like love, makes people unable to distinguish between charming and demonic. "It is easy to create images and concepts; and it is easy to enter the eyes, especially when the target is present. These are all leading to bewitchment." "These fake, evil and ugly things have quietly destroyed the most beautiful things in the world. On the road of life, we must learn to distinguish truth, goodness and beauty from falsehood, evil and ugliness in order to create a better future.

Secondly, guide me on what I value in my study, life and work. He said in "On Reading" that "History makes people wise; poetry makes people clever; mathematics makes people precise; natural history makes people profound; ethics makes people solemn; logic and rhetoric make people eloquent." "On Reading" "Friendship" emphasizes that friendship is the most indispensable thing in life, such as "Those who do not get friendship will be pitiful lonely people all their lives. A society without friendship will be a desert. Therefore, people who are happy to be lonely are not human beings." It belongs to the beast." In addition, other chapters talk about habits and education, parents and children, marriage and celibacy, etc. I also particularly like what he said in "On Travel", "Travel is part of education for young people; it is part of experience for older people", emphasizing the importance of travel in life.

In addition, there is also "Houheixue" that can be used in officialdom. For example, in chapters such as "On Power and Position", "On Cunning", and "On Ambition". Bacon wrote: "The desire to sacrifice freedom in pursuit of power, or to sacrifice oneself in pursuit of the right to dominate others, is really baffling. The process of promotion is extremely difficult and requires a lot of hardships. , but the higher you rise, the more suffering you will have, and the promotion process is sometimes shameful, because it uses humble means to make people noble."

"Retreat when people want to. No, when it's time to retreat, they refuse to retreat, and those who retreat are unwilling to retreat. Those in high positions can only realize their own happiness through the opinions of others. If they don't have any true feelings, they will not. I’m happy.” Although I’m new to the world and can’t quite understand why they are so cunning and deceitful just to wait for the high-rise building, yet “it’s so cold at the top”, but when it comes to reality and from other people’s eyes, I get the so-called Happiness is so miserable.

“Some books can be tasted briefly, some books can be swallowed whole, and some books you must chew slowly and fully digest.” This book by Bacon is always read whenever I am in my spare time. Once again, its significance to me is that it gives me the motivation to move forward in every period. In high school, he taught me how to resolve frictions between classmates, how to face changes in academic performance, how to overcome the pressure of the college entrance examination, and how to adjust my low mood; in college, he taught me how to stick to my major choice. Come out of the fantasy castle, experience the truth, goodness and beauty of the world, and also understand the falsehood, evil and ugliness of the world. I used to always want to escape from this world, but when I read this book again, I deeply understood that I have always existed in this world, but the world does not exist because of me. I cannot make the whole world adapt to me. I am the only one who adapts to this world. But there is only one me in the world. Only by using my own strength to create a sky can I find my own way in life.