The origin of the word ancient and rare

Allusions 1 Landscape (Liezi Tang Wen)

Boya is good at playing the piano, while Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya plays the piano, thinking about the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said, "Good! As high as Mount Tai! " Thinking about running water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good! The mighty water looks like a river! " Zhong Ziqi must know what Boya missed. After the death of chef hippo, Boya thought that there was no more confidant in the world. I broke the piano and never played it again.

The original surname is Yu, Mingrui. Boya is his promise. He was born in Du Ying (now Jingzhou, Hubei) during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Later, he became a doctor in the state of Jin. When he returned to his hometown and passed the Hanshui River, he met Zhong Ziqi and became brothers, and agreed to meet again in the Mid-Autumn Festival next year. Unexpectedly, Boya died the next year when she went to an appointment. After sweeping the grave, Boya broke the piano and thanked his son for his bosom friend. According to Cao Qin and Yuefu, the famous pianist Cheng Lian was a teacher of Boya. Boya studied piano with Cheng Lian for three years, but he didn't make much progress. One day, Cheng Lian said to Boya, "I can teach you to play the piano, but I can't teach you empathy. I have a teacher named Wan Zichun who lives in Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea. He is good at playing the piano and empathy. Let's visit him together. " Boya was certainly happy, so they went to the East China Sea together. But when Boya arrived in the East China Sea, he didn't see Wan Zichun, only saw the surging waves, the deep mountains and the singing birds. Boya's heart suddenly lit up and said with emotion, "Mr. touched my feelings!" So he created "Shuixian Cao".

Yu Boya likes music since he was a child. His teacher Cheng Lian once took him to Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea to appreciate the beauty and magic of nature, from which he realized the true meaning of music. He plays the piano, which sounds beautiful, like a mountain running water. Although many people praised his piano skills, he thought he had never met anyone who really understood his piano voice. He has been looking for his bosom friend.

Allusions 2

One year, Yu Boya was ordered by the King of Jin to go to Chu. On August 15, he arrived at Hanyang estuary by boat. Parked at the foot of a hill in the storm. In the evening, the wind and waves gradually subsided, the clouds cleared and the scenery was very charming. Looking at the bright moon in the sky, Yu Boya was very excited. He took out the piano he brought with him and played it wholeheartedly. He played one tune after another. Just as he was completely immersed in the wonderful piano sound, he suddenly saw a man standing motionless on the shore. Yu Boya was taken aback, and a hard hand broke a string. Yu Boya was wondering why the man on the shore came, when he heard the man loudly say to him, "Sir, don't be suspicious. I am a firewood collector. I came home late. I heard you play the piano when I came, and I thought it was wonderful. I can't help standing here and listening. "

Yu Boya looked at it carefully by moonlight. There was a load of dry wood beside the man, so he was a woodcutter. Yu Boya thought, how can a woodcutter understand my piano? So he asked, "Since you know the sound of the piano, please tell me what tune I am playing?"

After listening to Yu Boya's question, the woodcutter smiled and replied, "Sir, what you just played was Confucius' song praising his disciple Yan Hui. Unfortunately, when you played the fourth sentence, the string broke. "

The woodcutter's answer was completely correct. Yu Boya was overjoyed and invited him aboard for detailed discussion. When the woodcutter saw the piano played by Yu Boya, he said, "This is a lyre! According to legend, it was made by Fu. " Then he told the story of the lyre. Yu Boya could not help secretly admiring the woodcutter's words. Then, Yu Boya played some tunes for the woodcutter, and asked him to identify the meaning. When he played the grand piano, the woodcutter said, "This piano expresses the majestic momentum of the mountain." When the sound of the piano became fresh and smooth, the woodcutter said, "The sound of the piano played after that expresses endless running water."

Yu Boya couldn't help but be pleasantly surprised. What he expressed on the piano was not understood by anyone in the past, but the woodcutter in front of him actually heard it clearly. Unexpectedly, under this wild ridge, I met a long-lost bosom friend, so he asked the woodcutter's name, Zhong Ziqi, to have a drink with him. The more they talk, the more speculative they become. After a brief meeting, they became sworn brothers. Make an appointment to meet here next Mid-Autumn Festival.

After tearful parting with Zhong Ziqi, Yu Boya came to Hanyang estuary as promised, but he waited and waited, but Zhong Ziqi didn't come as promised, so he played the piano to summon his bosom friend, but after a long time, no one came. The next day, Yu Boya asked an old man about Zhong Ziqi's whereabouts. The old man told him that Zhong Ziqi had died of illness. Before he died, he left his last words, saying that he would build the tomb by the river and listen to Yu Boya's piano when he met on August 15.

After listening to the old man's words, Yu Boya was very sad. He came to Zhong Ziqi's grave and sadly played the ancient song "High Mountain". After playing, he broke the string, sighed and smashed his beloved lyre on the bluestone. He said sadly, my only confidant is dead. Who can I play this piano for? "

The friendship between the two "bosom friends" touched future generations, and people built a guqintai where they met. To this day, people often use "bosom friends" to describe the friendship between friends.

Later generations have a poem: who is drunk on the fifteenth day of the first month, literati and poets are friends of the world. If the child had been there, heptachlor would not have broken into flowers. (Zhou Tianhou)

Source:/fbb1/blog/item/ce635e225a2bf1fbd7ace204.html.

The source of peaches and plums:

"Li Tao" is a metaphor for the younger generation or educated students. If teacher education has trained many students, people call it "peaches and plums are all over the world". So, why are students called "peaches and plums"?

During the Spring and Autumn Period in China, there was a minister named Zi in Wei State. When he was in power, he trained and recommended many people. Later, because he offended Wei Wenhou, he went to the north alone. He met a man named Zitong in the north and complained to him that the people he trained refused to contribute to him and ended up here.

Zitong said with a smile, "We can plant peach and plum trees in spring, enjoy the cool in summer and eat fruits in autumn. But what you planted in spring is tribulus terrestris (a plant with thorns). Not only can you not use its seeds, but the thorns that grow in autumn will also sting people. Therefore, a gentleman should cultivate talents like planting trees. He should choose the right object and then cultivate it. " According to the sixth view of the first year of Emperor Ze of Tang Jian, the Emperor recommended dozens of people such as Yao Chong as famous ministers, or said, "All peaches and plums in the world are in the public gate." Later, people called the cultivation of talents "tree people" and the outstanding talents who grew up after education "peaches and plums"; Teachers have a large number of students and are known as "peaches and plums are all over the world".

Source:/Fujian _ w/news/mxrb/20011031/7 _ 7.html.

An ancient and rare source:

The word "old and rare" comes from Du Fu's Qujiang poem. The original sentence is "wine debts are everywhere, and life is seventy and rare". Compared with the word "Li", Tang Shiyuan is not as old as The Analects, and even less authoritative as the Confucian classics. The language of poetry can exaggerate the objective situation and has a strong emotional color. Objectively speaking, is it rare for a person to live to 70 years old? True "ancient", the great philosopher Zhuangzi once said, "People live to be one hundred years old, eighty years old and sixty years old". Life is seventy, but not long enough. How can you say it's ancient and rare?

Why Du Fu wrote "ancient and rare" poems is closely related to the social reality at that time and his own mentality. Qujiang was written when the Anshi Rebellion ravaged Chang 'an. "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers remain forever ... the petals flow down like tears. Therefore, the tone is low, and it is particularly obvious to refer to other poems of Du Fu. He wrote in "Eight Guards for Chu Shi": "It shocked us to find that half of our friends were dead, which made our hearts burn with sadness." . At this time, the poet was 48 years old and in his prime, but half of his friends were dead. It can be seen that it is also true that people lost their lives in the war and their average life expectancy is very low. In addition, Du Fu said in Wild Hope that "I will only die of illness". He was only fifty years old then. Because of his serious illness, he has felt "dying". Of course, he wouldn't expect to live to be seventy. With such subjective conditions, it is not surprising that he lamented that "life is seventy years old and rare".

Du Fu inadvertently wrote the word "ancient and rare" in his poems, which had no influence in the Tang Dynasty. He didn't want future generations to "spread Du Li's poems", and the poet dared not use Du Fu's allusions, so he began to quote the word "ancient and rare". Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, was the first. According to Waiting for the Shark, there was a man, 69 years old, who married and had children at the age of 30. At the celebration banquet, Dongpo wrote a poem of congratulations, saying, "When the cabinet is old, the sage is near old." Dongpo is also a great poet, and his joke left without saying anything. Presumably, this is also one of the important reasons for the spread of "Guxi". In the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong was still healthy after 70 years. He knew that he would live a long life. In his pride, he carved an imperial seal of the "ancient emperor". Don't forget, the word "Guxi" here is only used to modify "Tianzi". Most emperors of past dynasties died young, and it is really rare to live to 70 years old. The emperor's self-declaration greatly promoted the popularity of this word.

Although nicknames are relatively stable, they are by no means eternal. The Book of Rites says: "Sixty sticks in the countryside, seventy sticks in the country, and eighty sticks in the morning". "Zhang Guo" and "Juck Zhang" became elegant age names. But today, these words have long been eliminated, because they are too far away from the changed reality and the court no longer exists. Where can I "stick" (on crutches)? This leads to the concept of "ancient rarity". In old China, the average life expectancy was only 30 to 40 years. At that time, the word "Lao Xi" was still in line with reality. So, the average life expectancy in China today has reached 7 12 years. Isn't it ridiculous to use this word to say that life is 70 years old and life is rare? Take Zhong Xiang as an example. According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000, the average life expectancy in the city is 75.88 years. According to the latest census statistics in July, 2004, among the population of 6.5438+0.05 million, there are 80-year-olds1.073, 946-year-olds and 7-year-olds/person. The old man from Group 2, Liwan Village, Lengshui Town 103 years old said to people humorously: "I entered the forest farm (Lengshui Airport) at the age of 70, entered the pasture (village forest farm) at the age of 80, and went to the market (picking vegetables and selling them on the street) at the age of 100, and I will not enter the crematorium for another hundred years." Now it is widely circulated in the city: "A hundred years old is a good scenery, 90 years old is not old, 80 years old is a little brother, 70 years old is running around, and 60 years old is not yet on." Therefore, the popularity of writing is not static, it depends on the advocacy and guidance of public opinion. I believe that with the continuous improvement of living standards, health and longevity have become people's beautiful pursuit. At the same time, governments at all levels, from the central to the local, have introduced a series of service measures to treat the elderly well. If the psychological pressure of the word "Gu Xi" on the health of the elderly is relieved, hundreds of millions of elderly people will live a long life.