Learn two original texts of classical Chinese.

1. Full-text explanation of two learning games in the classical Chinese "Learning Games"

Qiu Yi is a national chess player. He taught two students to play chess, and one of them was so absorbed that he only listened to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's lecture, another student always thought there was a swan flying in the sky and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they study together, the latter student doesn't study as well as the former one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this.

Learning chess is selected from Mencius Gaozi. The article first writes that Qiu Yi is the best chess player in China, and then writes that Qiu Yi teaches two people with different learning attitudes to play chess, and the learning effect is also very different. Finally, it is written that the learning results of these two people are different, not because of the great difference in intelligence. Through this incident, it shows that we should concentrate on our studies and not be half-hearted.

2. OMELCO 1 OMELCO 1. Textbook interpretation 1. Introduction to the text.

The contents of these two classical Chinese texts are all ancient stories of China, and the content and truth are more suitable for students' cognitive level. The ancient ideas contained in these texts can give students positive guidance. Learning chess is selected from Mencius Gaozi.

The article first writes that Qiu Yi is the best chess player in China, and then writes that Qiu Yi teaches two people with different learning attitudes to play chess, and the learning effect is also very different. Finally, it is written that the learning results of these two people are different, not because of the great difference in intelligence. Through this incident, it shows that we should concentrate on our studies and not be half-hearted.

The Days of Two Children Arguing is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. Confucius and Lu Yu's two children are arguing. One thinks the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks the sun is close to people at noon. Therefore, the two sides each hold one end and can't argue why. Even a learned man like Confucius can't decide. They are laughed at by two children.

The story shows that the two children are observant and reasonable, and Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts. The purpose of writing classical Chinese is to let students initially perceive the language characteristics of classical Chinese, understand the thoughts and feelings of the ancients, and lay the foundation for learning classical Chinese in junior high school.

In teaching, teachers should let students understand the general meaning of annotated words and sentences, understand the main content of the story, guide students to understand the truth in the text, and get some inspiration from it. Compared with modern Chinese, classical Chinese is quite different in terms of words and sentence patterns. Whether sentences can be broken correctly and read fluently is the first difficulty. It is necessary to guide students to read and recite as the focus of this course.

From the perspective of understanding the text, it is not difficult to understand what is written in the text and the truth contained in it. The difficulty lies in asking students to read the meaning of each sentence with reference to their notes. Only by understanding the meaning of a sentence can we correctly break words and sentences and read sentences smoothly.

Therefore, it is necessary to understand the meaning of each sentence as a teaching difficulty to break through. 2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence. (1) This sentence is a sign that a person learns to play chess after writing it down. Although he seems to be listening to Qiu Yi's teaching, his mind is thinking about shooting swans with bows and arrows.

Contrastive narration makes the conclusion natural and convincing. (2) for its wisdom? That's not true.

This is the conclusion of the article "Learning Games", which summarizes the things mentioned in the article regardless of the evidence, but the argument has been included in the narrative. Grasp the previous sentence "if you learn from it, it is success", understand the truth of "if you succeed", and understand that the result of doing things wholeheartedly is completely different from that of doing things wholeheartedly.

In order to deepen the understanding of this sentence, students can talk about it in combination with their own lives in group cooperative learning. (3) I am close to people when the sun rises. This is a child's point of view when arguing. He made a judgment based on the changes in the size of the sun observed at different times.

(4) The warehouse is cool at the beginning, and it is like exploring soup at noon. This is another child's point of view in the debate, based on the hot and cold feeling of the sun shining on him at different times. (5) Who is your Zhihu? This is what two children said with a smile when they saw that Confucius could not rule-who said you were learned? This sentence is very rhetorical, showing the innocence and loveliness of two children.

3. Reference translation. Qiu Yi is a national chess player.

He taught two students to play chess, and one of them was so absorbed that he only listened to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's lecture, another student always thought there was a swan flying in the sky and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they study together, the latter student doesn't study as well as the former one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this. One day, Confucius went to the East to study. When he saw two children arguing about something, he asked why.

A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out, and it is farther away at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people when it first comes out and closer to people at noon.

A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. Isn't that why it looks small from afar and big from near? " Another child said: "When the sun just came out, it felt very cold. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that why you feel hot near and cold far away? " Confucius could not judge what was going on. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?" Second, the teaching objectives 1. Can dredge the full text according to the after-class notes and understand the story content.

2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Recite the text.

3. Understand the key words and the truth in the article. 4. Feel the characteristics of classical Chinese and stimulate the interest in learning classical Chinese.

Iii. Teaching suggestions 1. Before class, students can be instructed to consult relevant books or find information on the Internet, and teachers can also provide some relevant information to give students a preliminary understanding of Confucius and Mencius' life. 2. It is inappropriate to guide primary school students to learn classical Chinese and explain translation word by word, not to mention the knowledge of classical Chinese.

Key words and phrases should be understood by students with reference to their notes, trying to understand the general meaning of each sentence by themselves. When they encounter difficulties, teachers should help them. For example, the meaning of "go" in "I want to be close to people when the sky begins to rise" in "Two Children Debate Day" is different from the modern common meaning.

There are also words such as "Who", "Hu" and "Ru", which rarely appear in modern texts, which appear many times in the texts. Such words should be understood by students. There are three steps to solve this difficulty: first, after reading the text, students can initially understand the meaning of words and sentences according to their notes.

For what students don't understand, teachers can give guidance to let students understand the context. Second, retell and understand the story.

Third, tell these two stories in your own words. 3. When primary school students are exposed to classical Chinese, teachers should establish the concept of "reading aloud first".

The following steps can be taken to guide students to read aloud: first, teachers should make a model of the text and read it vividly and smoothly, thus infecting students and stimulating reading interest. Second, guide students to read fluently.

To guide the reading methods of classical Chinese: first, we should slow down the reading speed, second, we should pause appropriately, and third, we should read the tones of different sentences. For example, the correct pause of "thinking with a bow" in Learning Chess is "thinking with a bow"; "Why is it wise?" .

3. In the second volume of the sixth grade, Qiu played two classical Chinese "learning games", and so did the country people who were good at playing games.

Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one to concentrate on playing chess, and Qiu Yi listens; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true. Qiu Yi is the best chess player in China.

(Someone) asked him to teach two people to play chess, and one of them was absorbed and only listened to Qiu Yi. While the other party was listening, they always thought it was a swan and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he followed the last one, he didn't learn as well as the last one.

Can you say this is because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? I said, that's not true. Moral: You can't do things half-heartedly, but concentrate.

Confucius, the original text of "Two Sons Debate on Japan", traveled eastward, saw two sons arguing on Japan and asked him why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon. A son said, "When the sun rises, it is as big as a hood, and at noon, it is like a dish. Isn't it that the far is small and the near is big? " Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "Upon hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who is Zhihu?" On his way to study in the East, I saw two children quarreling. Confucius asked them why they argued.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?" .

4. Translation of two classical Chinese.

Qiu Yi is the best chess player in the country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, let one of them concentrate on helping the anchor, and only listen to Qiu Yi; While the other party was listening, they always thought it was a swan and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he followed the last one, he didn't learn as well as the last one. Can you say this is because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? I said, that's not true.

The two children argued all day.

Confucius traveled to the East and saw two children arguing on the way. Ask them what they are arguing about.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

The previous child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a car. At noon, it was as small as the mouth of a plate and bowl. Isn't this just looking small from a distance and looking big from a distance? "

Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were so smart?"

5. The first lesson of the sixth grade in primary school, The Second Classics, requires full-text translation. The first lesson of grade six, two classical Chinese translations: Learning Games Original: Qiu Yi who is good at playing the game of crossing the country.

Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one to concentrate on playing chess, and Qiu Yi listens; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true. Qiu Yi is the best chess player in China.

Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play Go, and one of them concentrates on learning and only listens to Qiu Yi. Although another man was listening to Qiu Yi's instructions, he thought a swan was coming and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although I studied chess with the last one, I am not as good as the last one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? Say: it's not like this. "Two Children Arguing about the Sun" Original text: When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? Another child said, "The sun gets cold as soon as it comes out, and it is as hot as putting your hand into hot water at noon. Is this the reason why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" " ? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "Confucius met two children quarreling on his way to study in the East and asked them why they quarreled.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people at sunrise and far from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first rises and close to people at noon.

A child said, "The sun is as big as a hood at sunrise and as small as a bowl at noon. Isn't this the truth of being far small and near big? " Another child said, "when the sun first came out, it was cool and a little cold." At noon, it's as hot as putting your hand into hot water. Isn't this the truth that it is near hot and far cold? " Confucius can't decide who is right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?" Extended data:

By describing two children arguing about the distance between the sun and man in the morning and noon, this paper reflects the precious spirit of ancient China people in exploring natural phenomena, thinking independently, boldly questioning and pursuing truth. This short story runs through dialogue.

Based on Confucius' view that it is impossible to decide, the full text describes the process of two children arguing about Japan in an orderly way. First, write two children to clearly put forward their views on the distance between the sun and people, which makes people think.

Then take out the basis separately. To outdo each other, they both used rhetorical questions, and put the word "debate" in the topic, which enhanced the debate.

Both children use vivid metaphors in the dialogue to prove their point of view through comparison. Compared with the size of the area, the first child is intuitive and seems reasonable.

The second child compared people's feelings about the hot and cold sun in different periods, which seems reasonable. It can be seen that they are diligent in thinking and have rich imagination; From their tit-for-tat arguments, we can also feel the angry and smiling faces of the interlocutors.

However, their understanding is superficial after all, and they can only hold their own opinions and can't get the correct answer. In the last two sections, two children laughed at Confucius, who was noncommittal, in front of their argument.

From the story itself, the two children dare to explore difficult problems, no matter how naive and superficial, but it reflects the strong desire of the ancients to understand natural phenomena, and this spirit of exploration is commendable. As a great scholar, Confucius was not familiar with all subjects. At that time, the level of human understanding of natural phenomena was still very low.

Confucius' attitude of "never admitting his ignorance" is correct and should not be laughed at. The popular explanation for the distance between the sun and people at different times is this: due to the rotation and revolution of the earth, the distance between the sun and people does change in the morning and at noon, but the change is very small and difficult for the naked eye to detect.

The influence of this situation on the temperature can also be ignored. Why do the two children have different views? That's because they look at things from different angles: one vividly writes the size of the sun shape with metaphors such as "like a car cover" and "like a bowl"; The other, starting from the sense of touch, vividly wrote the scorching heat of the noon sun with the metaphor of "exploring soup".

Because of the large irradiation angle at noon, the surface gets more heat energy, so the temperature is high; The exposure angle is small in the morning, so the temperature is low. As for the sun's "big in the morning and small at noon", it is completely an illusion of human vision. Because the background is small and it is dark in the morning, I think the sun is bigger, but at noon, there is a wide and bright sky as the background of the sun, which seems to make it smaller.