Where is Shi Naian from?

Shi Naian, Zi An, also known as Zhao Rui, is called Yan Duan. Naian. Native place: Xinghua, Jiangsu. Identity: China, a famous ancient writer, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and the author of the novel Water Margin. The Water Margin, formerly known as Dang Kouzhi, was banned at that time and later renamed the Water Margin. Life: There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's genealogy and Shi's genealogy. In addition, the addendum 13 of Xinghua County Records contains the biography of Shi Naian, and the addendum 14 contains the epitaph of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the analysis of these materials, Shi Naian is the descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two sons of Confucius, who made Suzhou his home in the late Tang Dynasty. His father's name is Yuan De and his mother is Bian Shi (Bian Shi's descendants also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province). Shi Naian is smart, studious, talented, filial and brave. 19 years old is a scholar, 28 years old is a juren, and 36 years old is a scholar with Liu Bowen. He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of officialdom, he didn't want to meet dignitaries, gave up his official position and returned to his hometown. Shi took part in Zhang Shicheng's military activities when he rose up against Yuan Dynasty. After Zhang occupied the Soviet Union, Shi participated in the planning under his protection and had a close relationship with his Ministry Bian. Later, because Zhang was greedy for pleasure and didn't listen to advice, Shi was disappointed with Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and Chen Ji, and left one after another. When seeing Lu and Liu Xiang off, he composed a divertimento "New Water Makes Qiu Jiang Farewell" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was ruined. Stone travels all over the world, roaming in Shandong and Henan. He befriended her, was taught by Yuncheng County, and then lived with her teacher in the early days of the Xu family in Jiangyin. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the situation was going downhill. He wrote The Water Margin as his sustenance, and together with his disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Sansui Pingyao. He is also good at poetry, but it is rarely circulated. Besides the divertimento Qiu Jiang Farewell, there are other poems handed down, such as Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems. Shi Naian hid in Huai 'an to avoid the Ming Dynasty conscription, died of illness and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Nai 'an's death, Sun Wenyu's family business flourished, and his ancestor Nai 'an's remains were buried in Xiluo Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Wang Daosheng was asked to write "Shi Naian's Epitaph". In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Record" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the forty-five years of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the Seven Drafts: "This book is Shi Naian Qiantang Book. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular. "Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. Others think it was co-authored by disciple Luo Guanzhong or a sequel by Luo Guanzhong. According to legend, Shi Naian's other works include Encounters, Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Biography of Sansui Pingyao. Some people even say that he also participated in the compilation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which are all mentioned in his epitaph. Whether it is true or not remains to be further studied. The novel is based on The Water Margin, which is based on the story of Sung River Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. According to Hou Meng Chuan Dong Du Lulve, "Thirty-six people ran amok in the river, and tens of thousands of loyal ministers in JD.COM dared not resist. "According to Hui Zong in the History of Song Dynasty," Song Jiang, a thief from Huainan, committed the Huai Yang Army, sent his generals to beg for arrest, commit crimes, and enter the border between Chu and Haizhou, and ordered the prefect Zhang Shuye to surrender him. Zhang Shuye Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty: "Sung River started in Xinhe and turned to ten counties, so the loyalists dared not take it. When the word came, the uncle sent an envoy to the sea at night, and the thief approached the sea, robbed more than ten giant boats and carried them. So he raised thousands of dead people and lay in ambush near the city to resist the temptation of light soldiers from the sea. First, he hid by the sea, waited for the soldiers to meet, and then set fire to his boat. Hearing this, the thief had no fighting spirit. He ambushed him and caught his assistant thief. Jiang Nai surrendered. In addition, Li's Outline of Ten Dynasties, Chen Jun's Chronology of Nine Dynasties in Song Dynasty and Xu's Compilation of Three Dynasties and Northern Alliance also have similar records. There are also records that Song Jiang took part in the battle of Fang La after he surrendered. From these records, we can know that this rebel army, with a small number (but never more than 36 people), has strong combat effectiveness and great influence among the masses, which once posed a certain threat to the Song Dynasty. Sung Jiang and other uprisings took place in the first year of Xuanhe (119) to the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), more than three years before and after. The story of 36 people, including Song Jiang, which was circulated among the people in the Song Dynasty, was quickly adopted by storytellers as the material for writing stories. The titles of the novels recorded in the Southern Song Dynasty are Green Beast, Flower Monk and Warrior, which should be the stories of Yang Zhi, Lu and Lu. In addition, the article "Stone Sun Li" may also be. This is the earliest record of the script of Water Margin. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was Gong Kai's "Thirty-six people praised Song Jiangxu": "The story of Song Jiang can be seen in the street." He also said that before Gong Kai, there was an art academy to write to Song Li, who painted portraits of Song Jiang and others. But Gong Kai's praise didn't tell a story. Now, the earliest work to write the story of the Water Margin is the Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty (see the Legacy of Xuanhe), which is either from the Yuan Dynasty or the old books of the Song Dynasty, but it has gained something. Some researchers think it is a basic book for storytellers. The synopsis of the story of the Water Margin recorded in it, from Yang Zhi selling knives to killing people, after outwitting the birth outline, Song Jiang killed Xi, and Xuan Nv granted a sealed book for nine days, is basically the same as the water margin now. At this time, the water margin story has developed from many scattered and independent single articles into a systematic and coherent whole. Yuan Zaju was popular, and a large number of Water Margin plays appeared. The Water Margin recorded in Yuan Zaju is roughly the same as the characters' names in Xuan He's posthumous works in Da Song Dynasty, but the location of gathering righteousness is different. The drama talked about Liang Shanbo, and the heritage talked about Taihang Mountain. There are already "108 leaders" in the zaju, and the "legacy" only mentions the names of 36 generals posthumous title; Among the heritages, Li Kui jy ranked 14, Yan Qing ranked 28th, Li Kui jy ranked 13, and Yan Qing ranked 15 in zaju. All these can be seen that before the publication of Water Margin, the content and details of Water Margin stories were quite similar. This may also be related to the spread in different regions. It is these stories that spread in different regions that were collected by Shi Naian, selected, processed and recreated, and this excellent classic "Water Margin" was written. The story of Water Margin originated in Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, and has become the main theme of folk oral literature since the Southern Song Dynasty. At present, according to storytellers, there are scripts such as Green-faced Beast, Flower Monk and Warrior. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the story book "The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty" appeared, which described the stories of 36 people, such as Chao Gai and Wu Jialiang (Wu Yong), and initially had the story outline of Water Margin. In the Yuan Dynasty, some scripts of Water Margin stories appeared in Yuan Zaju. The simplified version of the novel [edit this paragraph] contains all the plots of being recruited, accepting Liao, accepting Wang Qing, beating Fang La and poisoning Song Jiang. It is called the simplified version because the text is relatively simple and there are few details. The simplified versions found are: 1 15, 1 10 and 124, which are detailed and widely circulated. However, the main rewrites and supplements are the plots after enlistment. One hundred times, after Song Jiang was hugged, there were plots such as "Liao" and "Fang La". At the end of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Ding Yang inserted the plots of tian hu and Wang Qing on the basis of Hundred Copies to synthesize Hundred Copies. Jin Shengtan, a Qing dynasty, deleted seventy times, and halved a hundred times to win over this book and the following events, ending with the dream of Lu Junyi in the original book, and then taking the first time as a wedge, making it seventy times. It is generally believed that only one hundred editions may be the earliest version of the story of Water Margin, and it is also the version closest to the legendary story. The known and existing early versions of Water Margin are Ming editions. Li Kaixian, a scholar between Zheng De and Jiajing, included twenty volumes of Water Margin in Ci Hai. Some researchers believe that "20 volumes" means "20 volumes". Generally speaking, the Wu Ding version of Guo Xun's Water Margin published during Jiajing period is close to the original, but the original version of Guo Xun has disappeared. Some researchers believe that the other five books in Jiajing edition of The Water Margin are Guo Ben, so Guo Ben has 20 volumes. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, the loyalty and righteousness of Water Margin recorded in Gao Ru's Hundred Rivers Annals was 65,438+000 volumes. Today, an earlier and more complete 65,438+000 volumes is Preface to Foreign Ministers in Heaven, which was written in Wanli Hou Ji (65,438+0589). Preface to Foreign Ministers in Heaven was published in Guoben, but the number of volumes was different. Guo Ben (20 volumes) 100 times, and Preface to Foreign Ministers in Heaven 100 volumes 100 times. This book accepts courtship and arranges seats immediately after collecting Liao Heping Fang wax, but there is no story of Heping Wang Qing. During the Wanli period, Yang 120 manuscripts appeared again, mainly based on 100 manuscripts, adding the stories of Ping Ping and Wang Qing (the characters are different from the traditional manuscripts, or the simplified manuscripts have been polished). In the late Ming Dynasty, Jin Shengtan (see Jin) deleted the part after ranking and added a nightmare of Lu Junyi as the ending, in which 100 people were all killed. The original one was changed into a wedge for the first time and 70 copies were made. This book has been the most popular since the Qing Dynasty. Today, there are two short editions of Ming Dynasty, namely, the new edition of Biography of Jing Ben Zeng Wang Yishui and the Ming edition of Biography of Zhong Yishui, but both of them are incomplete. Qing version 10 volume 1 15 Huizhong Shuihu is a relatively complete simplified version. After the founding of New China, 70 volumes, 120, 100, 100, photocopied 100, and printed several volumes. I also photocopied the short version of Water Margin. English versions usually translate Water Margin or Water Margin. Among many versions, the earliest one is the Water Margin translated by Ms. Pearl Buck in the middle and late 1960s+0920s. The title of the book comes from The Analects of Confucius, "All men are brothers within the four seas". Published in 1933, it was the first English version of Water Margin, which was quite popular in the United States at that time. So far, the English version of Water Margin is considered to be a better one, which should be 100 times the version of Water Margin (a hero of Shui Bo) translated by Chinese-American Jewish scholar Sha Boli during the Cultural Revolution. Its translation is considered to be more faithful to the original, which embodies the charm of the original well and conforms to the principle of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" in translation. The French version is literally translated as Aubold de l 'eau. In addition, there are many funny translations, which are actually the stories of 105 men and three women on the mountain. Through the birth of a story, they are translated into the trap of bandits. There are so many versions of the Japanese version of Water Margin that it has even been adapted and interpreted into many cartoons, movies and TV works.