Please introduce Zhuang folk songs in detail

Zhuang folk songs Zhuang folk songs are referred to as "Zhuang songs", also known as "Zhuang folk songs", which generally refer to folk songs sung by the Zhuang people in Zhuang dialect. Zhuang songs can be traced back to the hunting cries of the Zhuang people in their primitive society. Although shouting cannot be regarded as a song, it undoubtedly gave birth to the seeds of Zhuang folk songs. Zhuang songs in the true sense should start from the productive labor and sacrificial activities in the primitive society of the Zhuang people, which can be seen from the current customs and habits of ethnic minorities. The ancient song fair and hydrangea of ??the Zhuang people in Guangxi have been passed down to this day. The earliest record of the hydrangea can be found in the Ningming Huashan murals. At that time, it was a spherical bronze weapon that was thrown out to hit prey during hunting. This is why ancient books call the hydrangea of ??the Zhuang people a flying mound (camel).

The Zhuang people are known for their "good songs", and Zhuang Township is known as the "sea of ??songs". Zhuang people are good at expressing their life and expressing their thoughts and feelings through folk songs. Zhuang folk songs have a long history. The Zhuang people have been singing since the founding of Pangu until now. Almost everyone can sing well, and they are close to the point where "songs speak for themselves". Therefore, the expression form of Zhuang folk songs is simple, natural and true, and has a particularly strong local flavor. , especially the short structure, harmonious charm, catchy songs, easy songs to remember, and easy dissemination, make Zhuang folk songs have a wide range of themes, rich content, and various forms of artistic expression, vividly and profoundly reflecting all aspects of social life. . It can be seen from the article "Talking about Children's Songs" written by Huang Xianfan, a famous historian of the Zhuang nationality, and his works such as "General History of the Zhuang Nationality" (co-author) and "Collection of Zhuang Nationality Folk Ballads" (Note 1): Ancient folk songs of the Zhuang nationality include songs of complaint ( Long-term workers’ bitter songs, wife’s bitter songs, singles’ bitter songs, lamenting bitter songs, songs of resentment, etc.), love songs (folk songs, routine songs, interrogation songs, hymns, please songs, love songs, love songs, friendship songs, vows) songs, farewell songs, etc.), custom songs (celebration songs, prayer songs, ritual songs, toast songs, welcome songs, farewell songs, lullabies, funeral songs, wedding songs, etc.), production and labor songs (farming songs, Farm leisure songs, seasonal songs, solar terms songs, rain songs, drought songs, etc.), pan songs (also known as question and answer songs, meeting songs, guessing songs, and wit songs, expressed in the form of duets), historical songs, current affairs songs, nursery rhymes, Revolutionary songs and more.

"Zhuang folk songs...can be divided into genres. There are three main types of Zhuang dialect called 'Hua'ao', 'Hua Sui' and 'Si Tiao', namely 'Shi Hao', 'Singing' ' and 'poetry'. In addition, there are free-style folk songs, each of which has no fixed sentence and each sentence can be long or short. It is a long poem that tells a story. There are poems about people, things and riddles (called "Gu Yao" in Zhuang language), such as "Qianlong Emperor", "Zhu Yingbai" and "Mosquitoes". The lyrics range from dozens to hundreds of sentences. There are five words, seven words and nine words in it. The singing method is that after the man sings, the woman will sing it again. If she can't sing it or sings it wrong, she will be laughed at. On the contrary, the woman can sing it first. Novices don't dare to sing "Shihao". Therefore, before singing, ask the other party if they can sing it. If the person who sings is not smart and talented, it will be difficult to cope with it. ", the man sings two lines first, talking about one thing. For example, he sings "Attack with a buzzing sound, and the attack is impossible all night" for the woman to guess, and the person who replies also sings two lines: It is a 'mosquito net', which means there must be something. It's not a matter of talent. There are very few people who can sing this kind of song nowadays. The lyrics are usually ten or eight lines, which are less than those of "Shihao", and there are no five or nine words in each line. The characters or things sung do not focus on stating their life experiences, but focus on talking about love in a light way. It is like singing about Zhu Yingtai. The "Shi Hao" talks about how she went to study, and the "Singing" talks about her falling in love with Liang Shanbo. Therefore, young men and women love to sing this kind of song, and it is very popular. It is different from "Shizhao" and "Singing". Each song is limited to three sentences and each sentence is sung. The second line has a shorter sound, while the first and third lines have a longer sound. The man sings three lines first, and the woman sings three lines, taking turns. After the first two types of men sing a line of more than ten or twenty lines, the woman takes over. Different. Poems are easier to sing than the first two types of songs. People who are new to singing in some areas often sing them, and they are more popular than "singing songs". Zhuang songs are divided into two genres: unrhymed and rhymed. There are songs with single rhymes and waist rhymes, some with repeated sentences and non-repeated sentences, some with foot rhymes that rhyme with each other, some with foot rhymes and waist rhymes that rhyme with each other, and some with foot rhymes and alliteration that rhyme with each other. The latter is especially peculiar. It is rare in all kinds of poetry.

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The poems in Zhuang folk songs are long narrative poems. The more famous ones include "Buber", "Buluotuo", "Lang Ge", "Song of Horse Bone Hu", " "Liu Qiu He Da Qi", "Mo Yiwang", etc. Among them, "Lang Ge" is particularly unique in its expression form. "Lang Ge" does not tell a complete story in a narrative way, but uses the annexation and war of feudal lords as the background. It expresses the joys and sorrows of a pair of young men and women through lyrical duets. It is a group of four sentences, each of which is an independent lyric poem. When combined, it becomes a story poem with a beginning and an end.

When singing folk songs, you must abide by the established etiquette and cannot sing randomly. Especially for political songs, ritual songs and love songs, there are traditional rules on when to sing them. For example, love songs can be sung as much as you want in the wild songs. , but at home, you cannot sing it in front of your parents. Among the custom songs, you can’t sing them in any way for sacrifices, weddings, or funerals. There are also different greeting songs for different guests.

Zhuang folk songs have different names due to different dialects in the north and south: Huan, Xi, Jia, Bi and Lun. In Zhuang areas, each district or township has several tunes, including narrative ones. According to rough statistics, there are more than 1,000 different folk tunes in different places, but they can express different thoughts and feelings. There are solo singing, duet singing, leading singing, chorus, etc., whether it is branch vocal style, harmony style or polyphonic style, they are all colorful and unique. Gumeishan Songs, Mashanshan Songs, Huanjiangshan Songs, etc. are particularly famous. The combination of folk song melodies and lyrics can produce strong appeal among the audience. In addition to single-part songs, there are also double-part and three-part songs. Zhuang song. A unique style of two-part and three-part folk songs. Each part revolves around the main melody, sometimes parallel, sometimes intersecting, with high and low contrasts, ups and downs, and different singing styles in various places. There are more than 100 kinds of Zhuang polyphonic folk songs in more than 30 counties in six regions of Guangxi, among which the Zhuang polyphonic folk songs are the most widely circulated in Baise, Liuzhou, Hechi, and Nanning. Ideological and profound in people's nature, it is relatively mature and perfect in artistic form. It is a form of spiritual civilization created by the Zhuang people in their long-term life practice and is regarded as a rising peak in the history of Zhuang folk music.

Everyone of the Zhuang people loves to sing. It is said that the ancient Zhuang people used folk songs to talk to their ancestor Buluo Tuo. It is no exaggeration to say that wherever Zhuang people live together, there are folk songs, in the fields, after working in the evening You can always hear melodious folk songs at weddings and weddings, and folk songs are indispensable for various festivals. The tunes of Zhuang original folk songs are different in different places. For example, different counties in a district have different tunes, and some have high spirits. Songs include the melodious Napo folk songs, Mashan's three-part folk songs, Daxin's high-pitched folk songs, etc., mostly duet singing. Not only are they sung in daily life and at home, but there are also regular folk song singing gatherings called "Song Fair" or "Song Festival". The date of the song fair is mainly on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. However, it seems to be normal to form a song fair on the Spring Festival, April 8, Hungry Ghost Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and auspicious days such as weddings, full moons, and new house completions. Occasionally, a song fair will be formed temporarily even on the way to the market. The song fair. Gewei can be divided into daygewei and nightgewei. Rige Fair is in the wild, and the main content is for young people to "choose a mate based on songs". In the village, Yegewei mainly sings production songs, seasonal songs, pan songs and historical songs that teach production and life knowledge and skills.

The Zhuang people’s song fair custom has a long history. Legend has it that a long time ago, the daughter of an old Zhuang singer was very beautiful and could sing folk songs very well. Young men from far and near wanted to propose to her, so the old singer proposed to choose a son-in-law through a song competition. Young singers from all over the country come to compete in singing competitions in the hope of being picked by old singers and girls. From then on, a regular gathering for singing competitions - Ge Fair was formed. It is said that the murals on Zuojiang Cliff, represented by Ningming Huashan, show the scene of Luo Yue, the ancestor of the Zhuang people before the Qin Dynasty, holding a grand singing fair. The Chinese records of Zhuang song fair customs were first seen in the Southern Dynasties. Many of the materials come from the Zhuang countryside in Nanning. There are records in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty that in Yancheng County (today's Binyang area): "Singing in harmony has become a common practice in the countryside." "Taiping Huanyu Ji", the history of music in the Northern Song Dynasty, records: "Men of the Zhuang ethnic group dressed up... gathered together to compose songs."

"Zhou Qufei wrote in Volume 4 of "Lingwai Daidai" "Farewell to the Elderly": Zhuang people "sing songs to each other one after another, with sad feelings... They all write their own words when the opportunity arises and refuse to follow the same pattern. Among them, there are excellent ones." . "The book emphasizes the word "self-written", which is the characteristic of the antiphon. Volume 10 "Flying Camel" contains: "On Shangsi Day (the third day of the third lunar month), men and women gather together, each in a row, with five-color knots as balls. , sing and throw it away, calling it a flying camel. When the male and female eyes are in harmony, the female will be given a camel and the male will be married. "To this day, "March 3" is still the biggest festival of the Zhuang people. Kuang Lu's "Chi Ya" and other books in the Ming Dynasty record that "on the first day of the first lunar month, the third day of March, and the Autumn Song Mid-Autumn Festival" men and women "pick up fragrance and greenery in the mountains and rivers" "Mei", "Singing and Jingri". The poem "Hearing Followers Talk about Local Customs and Writing about Huai Cambodian King Xianqian" written by Liu Mansion, a Jinshi of Tianshun in the Ming Dynasty, also mentioned that "men and women's ballads have become a ritual", etc., all of which describe the Zhuang song fair Scene. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many poems and articles praising the grand occasion of the Zhuang song fair: "The flying kapok catkins are in the fair period, and the willows are hidden and the flowers are bright. Men and women's singing songs enter the market together, and who can listen to the clever tongue to create new words? "The Illustrated Book of Wuyuan County" records: "On the day of answering the song, Wuyuan (now Wuming) Fairy Lake and Liaojiang River exist in two places. From the first to the tenth day of March every year, they can be found up and down the river within a few miles. , ladies and gentlemen are like clouds. "Guangxi Frontier Defense Minutes" written before liberation recorded: "The customs along the border area that have the most meaning in life are song fairs." "For example, the folk song fair in Wuming has been popular for a long time and is extremely popular in Lu'ou, Ma Tou, Xiaolu, Baoqiao, Lingma, Wangqiao, Fanghe and other places. The third month of the lunar calendar is the most widespread and largest, and the ninth month is the most popular. Secondly, some of them are held in the first month, July and October. In order to promote the traditional national culture, the local people's government has held the Zhuang "March 3" Song Festival in the county every year. Along the Lingshui Lake, along the Wuming River, in Mingxiu Garden, on the polder field, beside the highway, and on the hillside, there are crowds of people. "Singing is everywhere." Zhuang Township has become a sea of ??singing in foreign countries such as Japan, Thailand, and the United States. Scholars and folk singers from Britain, France and other countries came to participate in the song festival. Hengxian County was also an unprecedented event. There has been a custom of "Xingge" and "Haoge" in the past dynasties. The Zhuang people called it "Weifeng" and the local Han people called it Gewei. According to incomplete statistics, there are 38 Wefeng points in Hengzhou. They are distributed in various Gewei towns within the territory. Hengxian people work in the fields and speak to each other in their homes. Songs of joy, anger, laughter, and curses are all performed in Hengxian Gewei. Most of them are held in temples (that is, temple fairs). The most famous festival is the Fubo Temple Song Festival at the foot of Wuman Mountain on the 14th day of the fourth lunar month. There are people from various local towns and counties (cities) such as Nanning, Yongning, Binyang, Wuming, Qinzhou, Lingshan, Hepu, Pubei and Guigang. Between 30 and 40,000 people participated in the festival, and there were even compatriots from as far away as Hong Kong and Macao who came specially to participate in the temple fair and song festival. The folk song Yao is quite popular in Hengxian County and is distributed in 22 towns in the county. Anyone who is interested in singing the song Yao can participate in it. They can sing anytime and anywhere. These songs can be divided into: labor songs, hall songs, children's songs, Nidu songs, boat songs, funeral songs, and love songs. According to historical records, Tianyang Ganzhuang Mountain Song Fair was formed before the Sui and Tang Dynasties and was the most popular in Guangxi. The oldest and largest song fair. Every year from the seventh to the ninth day of the third lunar month, more than 100,000 people spontaneously come to Ganzhuang Mountain to sing folk songs and commemorate Buluotuo, the ancestor of the Zhuang people (the picture above on the right shows Buluotuo on the third day of the third lunar month). The scene of local Zhuang people and foreigners singing love songs at the song fair - picture taken from the Picture Center of Pingguo Power Supply News Network) In 1985, the People's Government of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region designated the "Three Songs Festival in March" as the "Guangxi National Art Festival" in 1999. In 2006, the "Guangxi International Folk Song Festival", which evolved from the National Art Festival, was renamed as the "Nanning International Folk Song Art Festival". It is scheduled to be held in November every year and is hosted by the Nanning Municipal People's Government. It has been held for 8 sessions so far.

The activities of the Zhuang Nationality Song Fair are rich in content. In addition to singing and answering each other, there are also wonderful ethnic activities such as throwing hydrangeas, touching Easter eggs, grabbing fireworks, beating poles, singing Shigong Opera, Zhuang Opera, and tea-picking opera. There is also a folk song competition popular in Ning County, where a colored ball is sent from one village to another village and the other village is invited to return the ball. At that time, a folk song competition is held. If the party returning the ball cannot win the song, the colored ball will not be returned and the ball has to be returned. It will be played again next year. This matter was recorded in the Song Dynasty. The song fair has been spread to modern times, and it has added economic activities such as buying and selling, as well as sports such as basketball and racing.

The social function of the Zhuang song fair is multi-faceted. . But historically, young men and women have mainly chosen to get married through public gatherings. Every singing fair day, young men and women dress up in colorful costumes and come to the singing fair in groups to show their talents, reveal their voices, exchange ideas, and find their loved ones through singing.

At the singing fair, duet singing is the main activity. Duet is performed in pairs. When a pair of young men and women sing duet, friends of both parties gather around to help, and there are even singers who offer advice. The program of duet singing is very complex and strict. Generally speaking, from the first date to the initial confirmation of a love relationship, the following duet stages are required: introduction song, first meeting song, big talk song, first question song, pan song, hymn song, pursuit song, first love song, friendship song, and love song. , gift-giving songs, farewell songs, etc. Each link is relatively independent, yet interlocking and closely connected. The songs in each session are very long and rich, and a good singer can sing for days and nights. Therefore, the vast Zhuang Township is known as the "Sea of ??Songs". It is called "the land covered with piano keys" by the poet. In history, there have been many famous singers like Liu Sanjie and Huang Sandi who are known as "Singing Immortals" and "Singing Kings".

In a nutshell, Zhuang folk songs have several artistic forms and characteristics:

1. Zhuang songs have endlessly evocative and breathtaking metaphors and metaphors. beautiful. One of the character traits of the Zhuang people is that they are more tactful and reserved when expressing their thoughts and feelings, which is obviously different from the naked expressions of Westerners. This may be the reason why metaphorical metaphors are commonly used in Zhuang songs.

2. Zhuang songs have the characteristics of being composed in one stroke and spoken in a coherent manner. Although the ancients explained the hardships of poetry creation with allusions such as "Two sentences are obtained in three years, and one chant brings tears", "One word is obtained, and a few roots are broken" and allusions of "examination", Cao Zhi's seven steps are also A "quick" and talented person who composed famous poems. Therefore, it is not surprising that Zhuang singers generally have the amazing ability to speak in a coherent manner, answer questions fluently, and sing for days and nights without repeating themselves. In terms of quick thinking, Cao Zhi's speed of "composing a poem in seven steps" is far beyond compare. A strong man’s mouth is almost the source of folk songs!

3. Zhuang songs have neat, rigorous, catchy rhetoric and beautiful rhymes. As the famous historian Huang Xianfan clearly pointed out: "Zhuang poetry is best at metaphors and vivid descriptions, which can greatly move the singers and listeners. Therefore, Min Xu in the Qing Dynasty said: 'The Zhuang people were born in the mountains...the words in their songs are all native. The pronunciation and rhyme are natural, and the translator understands the meaning, which is probably the work of the poet." ("Yuexi Bishu" quoted from "Yuexi Ouji") (3)

Note 1: " Zhuang Folk Song Materials", compiled and printed by the Zhuang Literary History Editorial Office of Guangxi Science and Technology Commission, July 1959.

Note 2: Quoted from "Talking about Children's Songs" written by Huang Xianfan, published in "Guangxi Daily" on February 10, 1957)

Note 3: Quoted from "Talking about Children's Songs" written by Huang Xianfan "Children's Song", published in "Guangxi Daily" February 10, 1957)