Pei Xiu's Original Works _ Translation and Appreciation

Pei Xiu (791-864), a worker beauty, Han nationality. Born in Jiyuan, Hanoi (now Jiyuan, Henan), his ancestral home was Wenxi in Hedong (now Wenxi in Yuncheng, Shanxi). The second son of Su Pei, a famous calligrapher in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and an observer in eastern Zhejiang. Pei Xiu was born in Shi Peidong's family room in Hedong. Tang Muzong became a scholar. He has served as assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of Zhongshu, ambassador of Xuanwu and ambassador of Beijing South, presided over the reform of grain transportation and tea tax, and made great achievements. In his later years, he was ruled by the official department minister, Prince Shao Shi, and named him Hedong County. Xian Tong died in five years (864) at the age of seventy-four, and was posthumously given to Qiu. Pei Xiu is knowledgeable and versatile, specializing in poetry and painting and good at calligraphy. His "Guifeng Zen Master Tablet" looks like Liu style, but its style is more charming and vigorous than Liu style. The rubbings handed down from generation to generation of his calligraphy include the Monument to the Zen Master of Dinghui. Mi Fei once commented: "Pei Xiu's intention of writing a monument is really interesting but not ugly." Pei Xiu's anecdotes and allusions will never change.

When he was studying in Peixiu, someone sent a deer to his brother Peizhuo. Peizhuo and his brother Peiqiu cooked the deer for Peixiu to eat. Monk Pei said, "We are poor scholars, and we don't even have enough vegetarian food at ordinary times. If we eat meat today, what should we eat tomorrow? You shouldn't change your diet. " Finally, only he didn't eat venison.

Devote oneself to Buddhism

Pei Xiu's belief in Buddhism is quite devout, which is closely related to Zen. After middle age, he cut meat, abandoned all desires, burned incense and recited scriptures, and was called "Hedong Master". In the history of Buddhism in China, his achievements in life are worthy of the reputation of "Prime Minister Shaman". In the history of Zen, Pei Xiu is as famous as Pang Yun, Bai Letian, Li Ao and Lu Gen.

When Pei Xiu was appointed as the secretariat of Hongzhou, he met Huang Berberis, a Buddhist monk. At that time, Monk Yun lived in seclusion in an Shan's refined house, mixed with monks all day, and did chores like cleaning temples, which made people unpredictable. One day, Pei Xiu went into the temple to burn incense, and the monks in the temple were responsible for the reception. When visiting a mural, Pei Xiu asked, "What is it?" The monk in charge replied, "Monks are real objects (portraits of monks)." Pei Xiu asked: "The real instrument is considerable. Where is the monk? " The monk was speechless. Pei Xiu asked again, "Is there a Zen person here?" The abbot monk said, "Recently, a monk entered the temple to perform his duties, quite like a Zen master." Monk Pei: "Can you ask him to ask?" So, the monk in charge hurriedly called the monk Huang Boli. Pei Xiu looked at the monk Huang Boli carefully and was very happy. So he said to monk Huang Boli, "Don't ask me a question, all virtues are stingy. Please pay me a word now. " The Buddhist monk Huang Berberis said, "Excuse me, Xianggong. Pei Xiu then repeated the question just now. Master Huang Berberis shouted, "Pei Xiu! "Perseus obeyed." Where is it? "Huang Jackson asked Berry. Pei Xiu was overjoyed when he learned the news, and repeatedly praised: "My teacher is really knowledgeable! If this is a good example, why not stop there? " All the monks in the temple were startled.

Wit and wit

Qujiangchi, located in the southeast corner of Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, is a scenic spot. On the fourth festival every year, the emperor would host a banquet for his officials and gather in a pavilion on the mountain to play music for Jiao Fang, a big factory. There are floats in the pool, and only officials such as the Prime Minister, the Three Ambassadors, the two provinces under Zhongshumen, and the Hanlin Bachelor can board the boat. Almost all the people in the palace will come to visit, which is very spectacular. Pei Xiu is checking Xuancheng at this time and has not left the capital. At the same time, when the lotus in Qujiangchi was in full bloom, he came to visit with celebrities from the provincial museum. From Jionji, they left their entourage and walked to Ziyun Building with their little servant. Seeing several people sitting on the edge of the pool, Pei Xiu and her colleagues also sat down to have a rest. Among several people, a man in yellow was half drunk, quite tolerant, and accused others of laughing frivolous. Perseus was upset and asked, "What is your official position?" The other party rashly replied, "Well, Lang didn't dare. Lang is the new magistrate of Guangde County, Xuanzhou. " And asked Pei Xiu, "What's Ya Ya's position?" Pei Xiu imitated humanity: "Well, Lang didn't dare. He has just been appointed as an observer in Xuanzhou. " The man went away in confusion, and all the people who followed him scattered. Pei Xiu's colleagues clapped their hands and laughed. A few days later, it spread all over the capital. Later, the official in charge of the civil service election in the official department found this person and said, "This Guangde county magistrate asked to be transferred to Luojiang." Li Chen, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, heard this joke when he was the captain. He often played jokes on the king in this way. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, Pei Xiu became prime minister. When drafting the imperial edict, he turned to the minister and said, "Well, Lang didn't dare, and he was newly awarded the post of negotiating peace with Chinese books."

Smash the wrong angle

Pei Xiu loves treasures and antiques. When he was in charge of the patent (imperial decree), a cousin was transferred to Qufu City for slaughter. When local farmers reclaimed wasteland, they dug up an ancient angel. The size of this angel is about three buckets, with a short neck and bird's feet, a round mouth and square ears, which is simple and heavy. After washing the soil above, nine ancient seal characters appeared faintly on Ang's waist, which Qufu county magistrate didn't know. There is a scholar named Lu in Yanzhou who can write eight fonts. The magistrate called the scholar and took out an angel for him to identify. He said: "This is the big seal script, not the current font. I have learned it. " These nine words were cast by Qi Huangong League in Kwai Autumn. "Yi Zi was surprised at what he said. When he brought the book with seal script to check, he felt that the strokes of the handwriting were very similar. A boy sent Ang to Pei Xiu's house. Pei Xiu thought it was an artifact in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was very precious and regarded as a national treasure. After work, he specially invited relatives and friends to watch. This angel was later called the treasure of Beijing.

Later, Pei Xiu was in charge, thinking that students asked to see his Angji. One day, Pei Xiu held a banquet, invited students and disciples to get together at home, put Ang out in the yard, and everyone gathered around to enjoy it. Only Liu tui, a calligrapher in China, thinks that this is not an artifact in the Spring and Autumn Period, but a fake in modern times. Pei Xiu was unhappy and asked him why. Liu Tuo said: "I have studied Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals since I was a child. It is recorded in the book that the princes were summoned nine times to establish their prestige and hegemony. Kwai Super League is the eighth time. According to the Book of Rites, the princes were buried in May, and when the allied princes arrived, they began to be buried, and then a sacrificial ceremony was held. After the worship ceremony, there will be mourning in the morning and evening, and the name will be determined after the mourning. However, the Kwai Chung Alliance was indeed a matter of Qi Huangong's life, but he did not get this nickname at that time, so it was fake in modern times. " Perseus suddenly realized, ordered people to break Ang, so he drank a toast.

Characters are always eager to learn.

Pei Xiu was born in Pei Dongfang, Hedong, and is the second son of an observer in eastern Zhejiang. He is honest and firm. When I was a child, I studied with my brother in another library in Jiyuan. Pei Xiu doesn't leave the museum all the year round. He explains the classics in the morning and studies poetry in the evening.

The profession of an exhorter

During the reign of Tang Muzong Changqing (82 1-824), Pei Xiu went to Beijing from a squire and became a scholar. In the second year of Tang Wenzong Daiwa (828), he was virtuous and upright, and the admonition department was the third. Later, he served as a subordinate of several buffer regions, and successively supervised the imperial history, supplemented the right and compiled the history museum.

Tang Wenzong and Prime Minister Song secretly discussed the removal of eunuchs, but this matter was learned by Wang Shoucheng and his colleague Zheng Zhu. In February of the fifth year of Daiwa (83 1), Zheng Zhu ordered Dulu, the capital of Yuhou, to falsely accuse Song of being the brother of Li Wenzong and Li Cuo. Literati believe that it is true and are furious. He summoned the Prime Minister to discuss the matter with others. Pei Xiu, who was filling the vacancy at that time, and Cui Xuanliang, a regular waiter in Sanshou, begged the literati to discuss it with the Prime Minister again, and the relevant departments would investigate it. In the end, Song was saved from death and was only demoted to Sima of Kaizhou (now Kaixian County, Sichuan Province).

In Huichang, Tang Wuzong (84 1-846), Pei Xiu was relieved of his position as a businessman and managed several places.

Worship each other.

In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (847-860), Pei Xiu was an assistant minister of the official department. In February of the fifth year of Dazhong (85 1), Pei Xiu became the salt and iron transport ambassador. He made great achievements in reforming grain transportation and tea tax. He was also turned into an assistant minister of the Ministry of War and an ancient consultant, and still served as a salt and iron envoy. In September, I was ordered to keep (act as agent) the history of the Ministry of Rites and enter the golden purple (goldfish bag, purple clothes). At least before that, Pei Xiu was named the founding son of Hedong County.

In August of the sixth year of Dazhong (852), Pei Xiu was promoted to Pingzhang (Prime Minister) under the same book, and still led the salt and iron envoy. Regarding the compilation of Notes on Current Affairs, he suggested that all notes should be consulted by the Prime Minister, so that the notes can be detailed and there can be no omissions, and then historians can "write straight". This matter has to be approved by Xuanzong. Later, he was transferred to Zhongshu Assistant Minister. Pei Xiu has been married for five years.

Beware of governors

In 856, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Pei Xiu to speak freely and make suggestions on political affairs. Pei Xiu asked Xuanzong to establish the Crown Prince as soon as possible. Xuanzong said, "If you set up a crown prince, you will become an idle person." Pei Xiu was afraid to mention it again. In February, Pei Xiu accepted the illness and resigned, but Xuanzong refused. In June, Pei Xiu took a leave of absence, taking Tongpingzhang as his post, and served as the head of the school department, the secretariat of the frontier state, the imperial doctor, and the Xuanwu Army. That winter, Dr. Jin Guanglu was promoted to his post and was appointed as the Prince Shoushaobao of East China Capital (Luoyang).

In the winter of the 11th year of Dazhong (857), Pei Xiu was appointed as Senior Minister of the Inspection Department, Chief Historian of Luzhou Governor's Office, and an ancient scholar, and served as an observation ambassador for Zhao Yijie and Luxi Xingming Festival (Zhao Yijie).

In October of the 13th year of Dazhong (858), he was appointed as Taiyuan Yin, Beiduliu and Hedong Our Ambassador (Hedong Our Ambassador).

In August of the 14th year of Dazhong (859), he was transferred to Fengxiang Yin and Fengxiang Longyou (Fengxiang). Later, he was appointed as the right servant of the proofreading minister, and also served as Jiangling Yin and Gu Jinshi, serving as the observation and handling envoy of Jingnan.

In the early years of Xian Tong, Tang Yizong (860-874), Pei Xiu entered the DPRK as an official, and rose from official position to official position and prince Shao Shi.

Major political achievements

Water transport reform

Since the Daiwa period in Tang Wenzong (827-835), only 400,000 meters of welcome rice were shipped from Jianghuai every year. Due to the invasion and sinking of thieves along the way, less than 200,000 meters were shipped to Cang Wei (now Tongguan North, Shaanxi). By the middle age of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (847-860), the phenomenon of favoritism among grain officials was serious, and the grain transportation law established by Ada's political reform was completely destroyed. In the fifth year of Dazhong (85 1), Pei Xiu was appointed as the salt and iron transshipment ambassador.

On the basis of summarizing Liu Yanzhi's successful experience and Wang Bo's failed experience, Pei Xiu paid more attention to mobilizing the enthusiasm of grain transportation officials, rather than taking the quantity of grain transportation as an incentive index. He took three measures to control the grain collectors:

First, clearly divide the responsibilities of grain transport coordinators and state and county officials, and realize the incentives for different types of grain transport officials through different law enforcement responsibilities.

Second, the annual grain commission will be distributed to the government and the people, which also solves the problem of "profit" that the government and the people are most concerned about.

Third, concretize the reform plan, establish ten rules of water transport law, and fix positive incentive measures as the incentive content of water transport law by legal means.

Pei Xiu's measures accurately grasped the motivation of Cao Li's failure in cronyism and achieved good institutional results. During his three years in office, he successfully transferred the rented millet to Cang Wei at the price of1200,000 tons per year, "neither rising nor falling".

Rectify tea tax

When Pei Xiu was the salt and iron envoy, local governments set up local pavilions (warehouses set up by the government to store food and other materials) to store tea for sale, so as to make a profit. Adding additional tax to other goods of merchants has seriously damaged the interests of merchants and pedestrians. According to the current situation, Pei Xiu suggested: "All towns are allowed to store tea, but they are not allowed to collect taxes from businessmen without authorization." It is also suggested that the power to develop "Shanze Baoye" should also be owned by Yantie emissary festival.

calligraphy

Pei Xiu is good at calligraphy and studied under Ou Yangxun and Liu Gongquan. "Old Tang Book" records: "Pei Xiu is good at writing and has his own writing style. Home is a Buddha, and Hugh is deeper than Buddhism. " Dong Qichang also said in "Rong Tai Bieji": "There are so many books on the Tang people, but not many on the interpretation of the scriptures. Liang Su, Fang Rongshu doesn't scream. However, Pei Xiu is deeper than the Inner Temple and has the ability to face the pool. "

Unofficial history's anecdote about Pei Xiu's poems once conveyed the impression in the minds of literati, with a forehead seven feet long and a round bead. Hanging tin for ten years lived in Shushui, and floating cups crossed today. A thousand dragons follow the high steps, and Wan Li is fragrant and victorious. I want to be a disciple, and I don't know who to give Buddhism to. -Tang Peixiu's "Good Luck of Liangshan Monks in Huangbei" was presented to Liangshan Monks in Huangbei.

I once conveyed the impression in my mind that my forehead is seven feet long with a round bead. Hanging tin for ten years,

The floating cup passed through Zhang Bin today. A thousand dragons follow the high steps, and Wan Li is fragrant and victorious.

I want to be a disciple, and I don't know who to give Buddhism to. Located in Mei Yun, Zuta is a swimming pool-like resort. There are days of disaster and poverty, but there is no time for Zhen Feng to fall. Who knows the news when you are old and empty? It's easy to worry about this, and reputation can be left behind. —— Pei Xiu's "The Topic of the Lake" in the Tang Dynasty titled the lake.

Located in Mei Yun, Zuta is a swimming pool-like resort. There are days of disaster and poverty, but there is no time for Zhen Feng to fall.

Who knows the news when you are old and empty? It's easy to worry about this, and reputation can be left behind.