Promote Putonghua materials for emergency use.

The State Council's instructions on popularizing Putonghua.

Source: People's Network

(1February 6, 956)

Chinese is the main language in China, the most widely used language in the world and one of the most developed languages in the world. Language is a tool for communication and social struggle and development. At present, Chinese is serving the great socialist construction of our people. Learning Chinese well is of great significance to the development of China's socialist cause.

Due to historical reasons, the development of Chinese has not reached the point of complete unification. Many dialects with serious differences hinder people's conversation in different regions and bring a lot of inconvenience to socialist construction. Some inconsistent and ungrammatical phenomena in language exist not only orally, but also in writing. In written language, even in publications, the confusion of vocabulary and grammar is quite serious. For the further development of China's politics, economy, culture and national defense, these phenomena must be effectively eliminated.

The foundation for the unification of Chinese already exists, that is, Putonghua with Beijing accent as the standard, northern dialect as the basic dialect and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm. Popularizing this Putonghua in all aspects of cultural and educational system and people's life is the main method to promote the complete unification of Chinese. To this end, the State Council instructed as follows:

(1) Since the autumn of 1956, Mandarin has been taught in Chinese classes in primary and secondary schools all over the country except in ethnic minority areas. By 1960, students above grade three in primary schools, students in middle schools and normal schools should basically speak Putonghua, teachers in all subjects in primary schools and normal schools should teach in Putonghua, and teachers in middle schools and secondary specialized schools should also teach in Putonghua. Mandarin should also be added to Chinese teaching in colleges and universities. Students who are about to graduate from middle schools and institutions of higher learning, young teachers and teaching assistants in institutions of higher learning, if they still can't speak Mandarin, should attend short-term remedial classes to facilitate their work. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education should formulate special plans to strengthen Chinese teaching in schools at all levels and promote the standardization of Chinese, and report them to the State Council for approval and implementation.

(two) Chinese classes in the cultural education of the People's Liberation Army in China and Chinese classes in schools at all levels of the People's Liberation Army in China shall be taught in Putonghua. Soldiers should learn to use Putonghua within one year of enlistment, and military school students at all levels should learn to use Putonghua within one year of enrollment. Chinese teaching in amateur schools of various organs should also take Putonghua as the standard.

(3) Local Youth League branches and local trade union organizations should adopt appropriate and effective methods to vigorously promote Putonghua among young people and workers. Youth league members should take the lead in learning and promoting Putonghua. Cultural cram schools in factories (first of all, big factories), cultural cram schools and advanced classes in rural private schools all the year round should promote the teaching of Putonghua as much as possible and step by step.

(4) Local radio stations should cooperate with local Putonghua promotion committees to hold Putonghua lectures. Radio stations in various dialect areas must appropriately increase the programs broadcast in Putonghua in their daily broadcasts to help local listeners gradually understand and learn to speak Putonghua. National broadcasters, national film actors, professional drama actors and vocal music (singing) actors must be trained in Putonghua. Putonghua should also be gradually popularized among Peking Opera and other opera actors.

(5) Editors of newspapers, news agencies, magazines and publishing houses all over the country should learn Mandarin and common sense of grammar and rhetoric, and strengthen the editing of manuscripts. The Ministry of Culture should urge the central and local publishing institutions at all levels to designate special personnel to take charge, establish systems, train cadres and make plans, and spend two to five years respectively to basically eliminate unnecessary confusion in the use of words and sentences in publications.

(6) Service personnel of railway, transportation, post and telecommunications, commercial enterprises in big cities and industrial and mining areas, health personnel in big cities and industrial and mining areas, police in big cities and industrial and mining areas, staff of judicial organs, journalists of newspapers and news agencies, staff of cultural centers, and staff of organs and organizations at or above the county level should all learn Putonghua. The above-mentioned relevant authorities should formulate specific plans for their staff to learn Putonghua according to the situation, and be responsible for the implementation, so that all staff in various fields of their own organs who are often close to the masses can learn Putonghua within a certain period of time.

(7) Except for special needs, all translators who communicate with foreign countries should use Putonghua for translation.

(8) The China Character Reform Commission should complete the scheme of Chinese Pinyin in the first half of 1956, so as to facilitate the teaching of Putonghua and the phonetic notation of Chinese characters.

(9) In order to help the teaching of Putonghua, the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences should compile the Pronunciation Dictionary of Putonghua for Determining Phonetic Norms in 1956 and the Medium-sized Modern Chinese Dictionary for Determining Lexical Norms in 1958, and organize the strength of Chinese departments in normal universities and colleges in conjunction with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education in 1956 and 65438+. The provincial education departments should compile pamphlets according to the characteristics of dialects in each province to guide the people in the whole province to learn Putonghua in 1956. The Ministry of Education and the Broadcasting Bureau should produce a large number of records for teaching Mandarin. The Ministry of Culture should make films to promote and teach Putonghua within the scope of 1956.

(10) In order to train cadres to promote Putonghua, the Ministry of Education should hold regular Putonghua phonetic research classes and train Chinese teachers and educational administrative cadres in middle schools and normal schools around the country. All organs, organizations and troops should also send appropriate cadres to participate in the training. Similarly, provincial, city and county education administrative organs should also hold short-term training courses for Putonghua pronunciation to train Chinese teachers in primary and secondary schools and normal schools around the country, and local organs, organizations and troops should also send appropriate cadres to participate in the study.

(eleven) the State Council set up a working committee to promote Putonghua, unified leadership of the national promotion of Putonghua. Its daily work is the responsibility of China Character Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Culture and Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences: China Character Reform Commission is responsible for the planning, guidance and inspection of the whole work; The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education are responsible for the leadership of Putonghua teaching in schools and amateur schools at all levels, the training of Putonghua teachers and the supply of Putonghua textbooks. The Ministry of Culture is responsible for the standardization of language in publications, publishing books and periodicals in Mandarin, and making records and movies. The Institute of Linguistics is responsible for the research and publicity of the standardization of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar in Putonghua. The people's committees of all provinces and cities shall set up the same committees, and the education departments and bureaus of all provinces and cities shall be their daily working organs.

(12) In ethnic minority areas, Putonghua should be vigorously promoted among Han people in various regions. Chinese teaching in minority schools should be based on Chinese phonetic communication. Radio stations in ethnic minority areas should use Mandarin as much as possible in Chinese broadcasting. The people's Committee of the autonomous region may, according to the needs, set up a working committee for promoting Putonghua to lead the work of promoting Putonghua in the autonomous region in a unified way.

The State Council Prime Minister Zhou Enlai

According to the compilation of laws and regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) (195665438+10-June).