What does the anti-domain paradigm mean?

[Fang]

1. mold: copper ~. Iron ~.

2. example: model ~. Canon.

3. A certain limit: ~ circumference. ~ domain (a. type; Scope; B basic concepts with the highest concept, such as "combination" and "decomposition", belong to the chemical category; Contradiction, quality and quantity are philosophical categories. Rules.

4. Limitation: prevention.

5. Last name.

Question 2: What does * * * mean? * * * "means to explain the problem at the specified time and place. There is an essential difference between * * and arrest: * * is a disciplinary act within the party, and arrest is a legal act of the judicial system.

Regarding the legal effect of * * * *, * * has legal effect when dealing with matters within the scope of party discipline and political discipline, but once the case investigated by the Commission for Discipline Inspection is suspected of committing a crime, it will be handed over to the procuratorate for handling.

What does * * * mean?

Do you know the origin of this special organizational measure and investigation method? * * * Why is it so powerful? What are the norms of the Party and * * * on * *? What are the rationality and limitations of * * * with China characteristics? Is this method long-term or transitional? How long will it last? Li Yongzhong, a famous scholar who has always advocated institutional anti-corruption, unveiled the hazy veil.

How was * * * born?

Reporter: In the great cause of anti-corruption in China, I'm afraid there is no better means to make corrupt elements live in fear than * * *. Of course, the accurate formulation is two rules, which are called two fingers in the regulatory department. Many ordinary people are curious about how this special anti-corruption measure came into being in China.

(hereinafter referred to as Li): In the late 1980s and early 1990s, domestic corruption was prone to occur frequently. The discipline inspection and supervision organs are at stake and bear the heavy responsibility of investigating and handling serious corruption cases. Although the heavy responsibility lies on the shoulders, the means is only one mouth and one pen. In this embarrassing situation, some major cases that can be broken are cooked alive; Some corrupt elements who should have been brought to justice escaped punishment. In the special period when the situation of anti-corruption struggle is grim, a special organizational measure and investigation means urgently needed by discipline inspection and supervision organs to investigate cases-two rules and two fingers came into being. These two provisions first appeared in1the State Council's Regulations on Administrative Supervision in People's Republic of China (PRC) on February 9, 1990 (repealed on May 9, 1997), clearly stipulating that the supervisory organ has the right to order the relevant personnel to explain and explain the problems involved in the supervision at a specified time and place during the investigation of the case. 1The Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Supervision adopted at the 25th meeting of the Eighth the NPC Standing Committee on May 9, 997 stipulates that the supervisory organ has the right to order the person suspected of violating administrative discipline to explain and explain the issues involved in the investigation at the designated time and place. In the supervision law, "two fingers" replaced two rules in the original administrative supervision regulations and became an effective and important means to break through important cases.

Where does the power of * * * come from?

Reporter: As far as we know, many corrupt elements confessed their criminal facts during the two regulations. The two regulations you mentioned earlier are special organizational measures and investigation methods. What do you mean especially?

Li: The power of the "two regulations" and "two fingers" measures comes from three aspects. One is the mastery of some basic evidence. All the respondents understand that the discipline inspection and supervision organs have a considerable amount of evidence for those who have been taken two rules and two fingers measures. The second is to suspend the exercise of power by the respondents. The power in the hands of corrupt elements is not only a tool for making profits, but also an umbrella for covering up illegal crimes. During the period of "two regulations" and "two fingers", some insiders and victims were no longer shocked by the power of the respondents, but boldly exposed and accused the organization; Some people involved also lost the protection of umbrellas. The measures of "two rules" and "two fingers" can effectively make the subject's * * * leave the toilet, thus producing a well-known horse with a sensitive sense of smell. & gt

Question 3: What does physical defense mean? To understand physical defense, we must first understand that civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense are three categories of safety prevention. It's about safety. Physical defense, as the name implies, is to take safety precautions through material resources.

Question 4: What does written form mean? Written form refers to contracts, letters and data messages (including telegrams, telexes, faxes, electronic data interchange and emails) and other forms that can tangibly express the contents contained.

definition

Establish the expression of will in the form of legal act through words or written materials. Including legal documents, letters, telegrams and other written materials. Written form has the advantages of accurate expression, well-documented and easy to prevent disputes. According to the laws of modern countries, written form is the basic form of legal behavior; Some important legal acts must be carried out in writing according to law.

classify

Written form can be divided into general written form and special written form.

Form.

1. General written form. Refers to the expression of meaning in words, such as written contracts, power of attorney, letters, data messages (including telegrams, telex, faxes, electronic data interchange and e-mails), documents, charts, etc. Contract modification involving the consent of the actor through consultation. Generally in written form, or agreed by the parties, or stipulated by laws and regulations. If the law stipulates or the parties agree that it should be in writing, the parties to a civil act shall be in writing. The general written form has different effects in civil litigation, such as evidence effect, establishment effect and effective effect. In the case of written evidence, whether there are civil acts and their rights and obligations between the parties, in the case of written evidence, oral evidence can only be used as a supplement if the written content is vague or incomplete. In the case that the written form is an important element of establishment or entry into force, the written form not only has the effect of evidence law, but also has the effect of substantive law. The establishment or entry into force of a civil act shall conform to the agreed or statutory written form. Otherwise, although the parties agree on the content and meaning of the civil act, it cannot make the civil act established or effective. [2]

2. Special written form. Refers to the written record form in which the intention of the parties is recognized by the relevant state organs. In which: (1) notarized form. (2) the form of certification. (3) the form of witness.

Whether notarization, authentication, registration and examination and approval belong to the written form of the contract or the effective elements of the contract, there are different legislative provisions in China. Theoretically, there is a view that it should not be regarded as a special written form, because a contract is an agreement of all parties, and notarization, authentication, registration and examination and approval are all factors beyond the agreement of all parties, which do not belong to the category of establishment requirements, but belong to the field of effectiveness evaluation, especially registration and examination and approval should be regarded as the changing requirements of real estate rights. Article 44, paragraph 2, and Article 1 1 (9)( 10) of the Contract Law adopt this opinion, and notarization, authentication, registration and recognition are not included in the written form of the contract.

Traditional format

1, contract. There are many written forms of a contract. The most common one is the contract text signed (or sealed at the same time) by both parties on the relevant contents of the contract, which is also called a contract or a written contract. Usually, the contract clearly mentions the rights and obligations of both parties to the contract, the method of dispute settlement and other specific contents. Therefore, disputes can be handled in accordance with the provisions of the contract, and it is easier to solve disputes. There are many types of contracts, such as model contract texts formulated by trade associations, international standard texts of a certain industry, standard contract texts provided by business operators and signed by both parties. Generally speaking, as a contract, the following conditions shall be met:

(1) must be written with some characters and symbols.

(2) It must be signed by both parties (or agents) (or sealed at the same time).

on paper

(3) The rights and obligations of all parties must be clearly defined. 2. A contract can also be concluded by letter, which is what we usually call a letter. Letters come in many forms, such as ordinary mail, express mail, registered mail and express mail.

Telegrams, telexes and faxes are also written forms, and a large number of contracts are concluded through these three forms.

Question 5: What does 5:SM mean? Sm: * * Future

Before or at the same time of * * * *, torture the sexual object mentally or physically in order to obtain sexual satisfaction from it; Or take the initiative to ask sexual objects to cause physical or mental pain to themselves in order to obtain sex and cause sexual impulses. The former is called sadism, and the latter is called sadism. In medical psychology, collectively referred to as "* *" or "SM" for short, it belongs to a sexual abnormality.

Question 6: What is risk? 1. Generally speaking, risk is related to uncertainty. If there are two or more possibilities for the occurrence of an event, it can be considered as risky. In the field of insurance, risk refers to the uncertainty related to loss, including the uncertainty of occurrence, the uncertainty of occurrence time and the uncertainty of result. Second, what are the elements of risk? The elements of risk include risk factors, risk accidents and losses. (1) Risk factors Risk factors refer to the reasons or conditions that will affect the occurrence, possibility or loss degree of specific risk accidents. Risk factors are the potential causes of risk accidents. For example, for buildings, risk factors refer to the quality of building materials used and the stability of building structures. For people, it refers to health and age. According to the nature of risk factors, it can be divided into tangible risk factors and intangible risk factors. 1. Tangible risk factors Tangible risk factors, also known as material risk factors, refer to the fact that a certain target has enough factors to cause risk accidents, increase the probability of loss or aggravate the degree of loss, such as the geographical location of buildings and the nature of building materials used. 2. Intangible risk factors Intangible risk factors are risk factors related to human psychology or behavior, including moral risk factors and psychological risk factors. Among them, moral hazard factors refer to intangible factors related to people's moral cultivation, that is, factors that cause property losses and personal casualties due to people's dishonesty or bad intentions. Psychological risk factors are intangible factors related to people's psychological state. Although there is no subjective intention, they increase the probability of risk accidents or increase the severity of losses due to negligence, negligence or indifference. Moral risk factors and psychological risk factors are closely related to people, which can also be called human risk factors. (II) Risk accident Risk accident refers to an accidental event that causes personal injury or property loss, and is the direct or external cause of loss. Before the accident, risk is only an uncertain state, and the occurrence of risk accidents will eventually lead to losses. For example, a car accident caused by brake failure leads to car crash and death, in which brake failure is a risk factor and car accident is a risk accident. If only the brakes failed and there was no accident, there would be no casualties. (3) Loss In the category of risk management, the meaning of loss refers to the unintentional, unexpected and unplanned reduction of economic value, that is, economic loss, which is generally manifested as the loss of ownership, expected income, expenses and responsibilities. The results of mental attacks, political persecution, devaluation, etc. generally cannot be regarded as losses. In insurance practice, losses are often divided into direct losses and indirect losses. The loss of property itself and personal injury caused by risk accidents are called direct losses; Other losses caused by direct losses are called indirect losses, including extra cost losses, income losses and liability losses, and sometimes indirect losses may exceed direct losses. As can be seen from the above, the existence of risk factors may lead to risk accidents and eventually lead to losses. For a specific event, the direct cause of loss is a risk accident. For example, road accidents caused by hail make roads slippery and cause casualties. Hail is a risk factor, and car accidents are risk accidents. If it is the direct cause of the loss, such as hail directly hurting pedestrians, hail is a risk accident. Simply put, the relationship among risk factors, risk accidents, losses and risks can be expressed as the following figure: 3. What are the types of risks? According to different standards, risks are classified in different ways. Common ones are: (1) According to the different causes of risks, risks are divided into natural risks, social risks, political risks, economic risks and technical risks. 1. Natural risk. Risks caused by natural phenomena, physical phenomena and other material phenomena. Such as earthquake, flood, fire, wind, hail, freezing, drought, insect pests and various plagues. Among all kinds of risks, natural risk is the most insured risk by insurance companies. The causes of natural risks are uncontrollable, but they have certain laws and cycles and have a wide range of influences. 2. Social risks. Social risk refers to the risk that social production and people's lives suffer losses due to the actions (including negligent behavior, improper behavior and intentional behavior) or omissions of individuals or groups. Theft, robbery, dereliction of duty, vandalism and other acts may cause property damage or personal injury to others. 3. Political risks. Political risk (also known as "national risk") refers to the fact that in the process of foreign investment and trade, both parties cannot sign a contract due to political reasons. & gt

Question 7: What are the meanings of "Fan" in ancient Chinese? The word "Fan" has five meanings in ancient Chinese: 1. Mold: copper fan. 2. Example: model, model. 3. Some boundaries: scope and category. 4. Limitation: prevention. 5. Last name.

Follow-up: But I think almost all ancient poems with the word "Fan" refer to names like "Fan"!

Answer: Yes, that's my fifth meaning. "Fan" is a surname, and "Fan" is a first name. If no one uses the word "fan" in ancient poetry, that is the first four meanings I said.

Question 8: What is Murphy's Law? Murphy's law (Murphy's law)

What is Murphy's Law? The simplest expression is that anything that can go wrong will go wrong.

Murphy's law originated from an American captain named Murphy. He felt that one of his colleagues was unlucky and casually said a joke: "If something is likely to be screwed up, let him do it and things will be screwed up."

This sentence spread quickly. After many years, this "law" has gradually entered the category of idioms, and its connotation has been endowed with endless creativity, and many variants have appeared. "If something bad is possible, no matter how likely it is, it will always happen and cause the greatest possible loss." "If anything can go wrong, it will go wrong." And "smile, tomorrow may not be better than today." The better things are, the more useless they are "and" Don't try to teach pigs to sing. This will not only lead to no results, but also make pigs unhappy! "

The original sentence of Murphy's Law goes like this: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of them will lead to disaster, then someone will do it. If there are two choices, one of which will lead to disaster, someone will definitely make this choice. )

Murphy's law tells us that making mistakes is an inherent weakness of human beings. No matter how advanced the technology is, accidents will happen. Moreover, the clearer the means to solve the problem, the more serious the trouble we face. Therefore, we should be as considerate as possible in advance. If misfortune or loss really happens, we should respond with a smile. The key is to sum up the mistakes made, not to try to cover them up.

In 2003, when the space shuttle Columbia was about to return to the ground, it disintegrated over central Texas, killing all six American astronauts on board and Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut to go into space. The crash of the space shuttle Columbia also confirmed Murphy's law. It is reasonable that something will happen to such a complicated system, either today or tomorrow. After an accident, people should always actively look for the cause of the accident to prevent the next accident, which is understandable by people's general reason. Otherwise, it is unacceptable for a country to give up the space industry or let the next accident happen again.

Man can never be God. When you are arrogant, Murphy's Law will let you know how powerful it is. On the contrary, if you admit your ignorance, Murphy's Law will help you do it more strictly.

This is actually that probability is at work, and people are not as good as the sky. As the old saying goes, "Nothing is difficult in the world, and nothing is impossible to a willing mind." And "it never rains but it pours". For example, if you don't win the lottery in several issues, you will definitely win the million-dollar prize in the end. Although the probability of disaster is very small, it will break out from the weakest link when it accumulates to a certain extent. Therefore, the key is to clean up the dead angle at ordinary times, eliminate unsafe hidden dangers and reduce the accident probability.

Bring what you're afraid of. A good state is to only think about the technical essentials and forget yourself.

Question 9: What does intelligence mean? You should mean building intelligence.

(a) enterprises that have obtained the qualification of intelligent building engineering design and construction can engage in the consultation, design, construction and integration of design and construction of intelligent building engineering in various construction projects, and can also undertake the general contracting and project management of corresponding projects;

Including: 1, integrated wiring and computer network system engineering; 2, equipment monitoring system engineering; 3. Safety system engineering; 4. Communication system engineering; 5, lighting and audio broadcasting conference system engineering; 6, smart card system engineering; 7, garage management system engineering; 8, property management integrated information system engineering; 9, satellite and * * * TV system engineering; 10, information display and release system engineering; 1 1, intelligent system computer room project; 12, intelligent system integration project; 13, Stage Facilities System Engineering;

(two) the scale of intelligent building projects undertaken by enterprises with first-class qualifications is not limited;

(3) Enterprises with Grade II qualification can undertake intelligent chemical roofing construction with a single contract amount of120,000 yuan or less.

Intelligent building engineering includes: 1, computer management system engineering; 2. Automatic control system engineering of construction equipment; 3, safety monitoring and anti-theft alarm system engineering; 4. Smart card system engineering; 5. Communication system engineering; 6, satellite and * * * TV system engineering; 7, garage management system engineering; 8, integrated wiring system engineering; 9, computer network system engineering; 10, broadcasting system engineering; 1 1, conference system engineering; 12, VOD system engineering; 13, comprehensive property management system project of intelligent community; 14, video conference system engineering; 15, large screen display system engineering; 16, intelligent lighting and sound control system engineering; 17, fire alarm system engineering; 18, computer room project.